Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Congo Red Dye Using Facilely Synthesized and Characterized MgAl2O4 Nanoparticles

Insights into the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of congo red using advanced BaDyxFe12-xO19 catalytic hexamaterials

Water pollution from the industrial dyes is a serious hazard to ecosystems, and addressing this issue is a significant challenge. To address these issues, we are fabricated BaDyxFe12-xO19 (x = 0.02 to 0.06) by sol-gel auto-ignition (SGA) technique. Several characterizations were used to scrutinize the structural, optical, photocatalytic, and magnetic traits of the produced samples. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the sample revels the hexagonal crystal structure. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) of both samples reveal the existence of agglomerated grains showing hexagonal shapes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirm the oxidation state of every element present in the synthesized nanomaterials. The specific surface area was found to be 1.069 m2/g for BDF1 and 1.466 m2/g for BDF3. The band gap of the BDF1, BDF2, and BDF3 samples are found 2.16, 2.12, and 1.99 eV. The photocatalytic efficacy of the catalysts was examined by removal of the CR in natural light. A notable degradation efficiency of 89.29% are achieved by the BDF3 catalyst within 90 minutes under natural sunlight irradiation. The results demonstrate a straightforward and efficient approach for producing photocatalytic materials that are highly effective for the elimination of dye pollutants in wastewater treatment.

Microwave-induced degradation of Congo red dye in the presence of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene as a catalyst

In this research, the degradation of Congo red (CR) dye, as an organic pollutant in water, was investigated using microwave-induced reaction technology. This technology requires a microwave-absorbing catalyst and the 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene was synthesized for that purpose. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, BET, and XPS techniques. Results showed that the prepared 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene with a dosage of 50 mg degraded CR dye with an initial concentration of 25 ppm in an aqueous solution with a degradation percentage of approximately 99% in only 6 min. The parameters studied were catalyst dosage and initial CR dye concentration, which were found to have significant impacts on the degradation rate. When the catalyst dosage was increased significantly, the degradation rate increased significantly. On the other hand, when increasing the initial CR dye concentration, the degradation rate decreased. The degradation kinetics were studied, and the reaction followed the pseudo-first-order model. The rate constants obtained ranged from 0.04 to 0.83 min-1, varying according to the used catalyst dosage and initial CR dye concentration. The catalyst was stable and could be reused for up to five catalytic cycles without losing its degradation efficiency. The active species participating in the degradation process were determined using scavengers such as benzoquinone, Na-EDTA, and isopropyl alcohol. Optimization of the degradation parameters using a response surface methodology study concluded that a maximum degradation percentage could be reached when employing 35.30 mg of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene and 29.07 ppm of CR dye solution.

Preparation of new green poly (amino amide) based on cellulose nanoparticles for adsorption of Congo red and its adaptive neuro-fuzzy modeling

In this study, a novel green poly(amino amide) nanoparticle based on cellulose nanoparticles (Cell-PAMN) was developed for the efficient adsorption of Congo Red dye. Cellulose nanocrystals obtained from acid hydrolysis of cotton linter were functionalized via Oxa-Michael addition of acrylamide on their surface hydroxyl groups, followed by transamidation with ethylenediamine. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The as-prepared Cell-PAMN exhibited considerably higher adsorption capacity compared to unmodified cellulose nanoparticles due to the presence of amino and amide functional groups. The adsorption kinetics and the effects of parameters such as contact time and initial dye concentration on the adsorption capacity were investigated. An adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy model was used to study the efficiency of dye removal, accurately predicted the adsorption behavior of Cell-PAMN. The kinetic study results showed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of around 40 mg/g. The results demonstrated the potential of the synthesized material for the removal of Congo Red from aqueous solutions, highlighting its applicability in wastewater treatment. This research contributes to the development of sustainable and eco-friendly materials for environmental remediation applications.

Enhanced Removal of Cd(II) Ions from Aqueous Media via Adsorption on Facilely Synthesized Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles

In this study, magnetic copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized via the Pechini sol-gel method and evaluated for the removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. PF600 and PF800 refer to the samples that were synthesized at 600 °C and 800 °C, respectively. Comprehensive characterization using FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, and EDX confirmed the successful formation of CuFe2O4 spinel structures, with crystallite sizes of 22.64 nm (PF600) and 30.13 nm (PF800). FE-SEM analysis revealed particle diameters of 154.98 nm (PF600) and 230.05 nm (PF800), exhibiting spherical and irregular shapes. HR-TEM analysis further confirmed the presence of aggregated nanoparticles with average diameters of 52.26 nm (PF600) and 98.32 nm (PF800). The PF600 and PF800 nanoparticles exhibited exceptional adsorption capacities of 377.36 mg/g and 322.58 mg/g, respectively, significantly outperforming many materials reported in the literature. Adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating monolayer adsorption and strong physisorption. The process was spontaneous, exothermic, and predominantly physical. Reusability tests demonstrated high adsorption efficiency across multiple cycles when desorbed with a 0.5 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, emphasizing the practical applicability of these nanoparticles. The inherent magnetic properties of CuFe2O4 facilitated easy separation from the aqueous medium using a magnet, enabling efficient and cost-effective recovery of the adsorbent. These findings highlight the potential of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles, particularly PF600, for the effective and sustainable removal of Cd(II) ions from water.

Exploring secondary optical transitions: a study utilizing the DITM method, and enhanced photocatalytic properties in Ni-doped CuSe

This study explores the simultaneous presence of two metal ions of Nickel (Ni) and Copper (Cu) on the formation of a metal selenide (Ni-doped CuSe) in an alkaline environment. The impact of Ni ions on creating the second optical transitions is investigated. Different concentrations amounts of Ni ions (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 mol) are utilized to produce Ni-doped CuSe semiconductor thin films through a chemical solution deposition method with deposition times varying from 3 to 6 h. Absorbance spectra are employed to determine the band-gap, while Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy is utilized for morphological analysis. Structural and elemental analyses are conducted using X-ray Diffraction and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy techniques. Additionally, a relatively innovative approach for determining the optical transitions, termed the Derivation Ineffective Thickness Method (DITM), is employed. DITM eliminates the need for thin film thickness and assumptions about the type of transition (direct or indirect) for band-gap calculation. Moreover, a comparison is made between the band-gap obtained from the Tauc model and the transitions obtained by DITM method. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the optical transitions exhibit two distinct band-gaps associated with nickel selenide (NiSe) as second transition and copper selenide (CuSe) as fundamental transition. The presence of Ni is also found to enhance crystal quality. The study also briefly explores the improved photocatalytic properties of CuSe in the presence of Ni.