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Anjali Devi JS, Madanan Anju S, Lekha GM, Aparna RS, George S. Luminescent carbon dots versus quantum dots and gold nanoclusters as sensors. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39037443 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Ultra-small nanoparticles, including quantum dots, gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and carbon dots (CDs), have emerged as a promising class of fluorescent material because of their molecular-like properties and widespread applications in sensing and imaging. However, the fluorescence properties of ultra-small gold nanoparticles (i.e., AuNCs) and CDs are more complicated and well distinguished from conventional quantum dots or organic dye molecules. At this frontier, we highlight recent developments in the fundamental understanding of the fluorescence emission mechanism of these ultra-small nanoparticles. Moreover, this review carefully analyses the underlying principles of ultra-small nanoparticle sensors. We expect that this information on ultra-small nanoparticles will fuel research aimed at achieving precise control over their fluorescence properties and the broadening of their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Anjali Devi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, Kerala, India.
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P. O., Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India
- Department of Chemistry, Kannur University, Swami Anandatheertha Campus, Payyanur, Edat P. O. Kannur 670327, Kerala, India
| | - S Madanan Anju
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, Kerala, India.
| | - G M Lekha
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, Kerala, India.
| | - R S Aparna
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, Kerala, India.
| | - Sony George
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, Kerala, India.
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Devi N, Wangoo N. Tuning the Luminescence of Microwave-Assisted N-Doped Fluorescent Carbon Dots: Bioimaging Applications and Label-Free Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:999-1010. [PMID: 36872820 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized fluorescent carbon dots (Cdots) have gained a lot of attention in the recent years because of their superior properties, such as good biocompatibility, low toxicity, excellent chemical stability, resistance to photobleaching, and ease of chemical modification. Cdots are promising candidates for considerable applications in various fields: sensors, bioimaging, and drug delivery. Specifically, nitrogen-doped Cdots have attracted a huge interest because of their applicability in bioimaging and drug delivery. Conventional methods for the synthesis of Cdots have drawbacks, such as the use of organic solvents, the presence of side products, and the time required for synthesis. Keeping all these points in mind, herein, we report green methodology for the synthesis of water-soluble, blue-emitting, nitrogen-doped multifunctional Cdots under microwave irradiation within 3 min. The Cdots were prepared using citric acid and arginine as source materials and were characterized using various physicochemical techniques. A pH-responsive drug delivery system was then designed using anticancer drug doxorubicin and the synthesized Cdots. The biocompatibility of synthesized Cdots was analyzed against L929 normal cell line. The Cdots-DOX conjugates exhibited efficient anticancer activity against HeLa cells and also acted as excellent bioimaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Devi
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh-160014, India
- Department of Applied Sciences, University Institute of Engineering & Technology (U.I.E.T.), Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Nishima Wangoo
- Department of Applied Sciences, University Institute of Engineering & Technology (U.I.E.T.), Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh-160014, India
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Deka MJ. Recent advances in fluorescent 0D carbon nanomaterials as artificial nanoenzymes for optical sensing applications. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-022-00381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Xiao W, Yang Z, Liu J, Chen Z, Li H. Sensitive cholesterol determination by β-cyclodextrin recognition based on fluorescence enhancement of gold nanoclusters. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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A non-enzymatic fluorometric detection of cholesterol via micelle induced supramolecular assembly using thiazole derived molecule. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Thakur M, Dan A. Poly-l-lysine-Functionalized Green-Light-Emitting Carbon Dots as a Fluorescence Turn-on Sensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Endotoxin. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3410-3422. [PMID: 35014425 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a facile, ultrasensitive, and selective fluorescence turn-on sensing strategy based on green-light-emitting functional nanodots for the detection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin. In this protocol, first, the pure carbon dots (CDs) with a fairly high quantum yield were prepared by microwave-assisted pyrolysis of citric acid in the presence of urea. Subsequently, the carboxyl-group-rich surfaces of the CDs were allowed to conjugate with the poly-l-lysine (PLL) using an EDC-NHS amidization method to obtain the PLL-modified CDs (PLL-CDs). The LPS could specifically bind to the PLL at the PLL-CD surfaces, and this binding enabled an electron transfer from the phosphate groups of LPS to the carbon core through the PLL bridge, thus resulting in a fluorescence enhancement. Interestingly, this fluorescent turn-on sensor provided a detection limit of 68.3 fM in PBS (pH 7.4), which is the lowest ever reported among all of the synthetic assays for LPS detection. Furthermore, our fluorescent probe was able to show a remarkable selectivity toward LPS over a range of commonly known interfering substances. Thus, this study demonstrated the feasibility of using specific LPS binding to PLL to drive molecular recognition in aqueous medium and offered an effective fluorescence turn-on sensing strategy to detect bacterial endotoxin in diverse clinical and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Thakur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University - Chandigarh, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Abhijit Dan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University - Chandigarh, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Mohammadi S, Mohammadi S, Salimi A. A 3D hydrogel based on chitosan and carbon dots for sensitive fluorescence detection of microRNA-21 in breast cancer cells. Talanta 2020; 224:121895. [PMID: 33379103 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are 3D polymeric networks with great swelling capability in water and appropriate chemical, mechanical and biological features which make it feasible to maintain bioactive substances. Herein, we fabricated carbon dots-chitosan nanocomposite hydrogels via reacting carbon dots synthesized from various aldehyde precursors with chitosan after that functionalized with ssDNA probe for detection of microRNA-21 in MCF-7 cancer cells. More importantly, three fluorescent hydrogels were produced using schiff base reaction (forming imine bonds) among the amine in chitosan and aldehyde groups on the CDs surface. Furthermore, the hydrogel films, CDs and CDs-chitosan nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra, FT-IR, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The DNA hydrogel bioassay strategy revealed a great stability and a superb sensitivity for microRNA-21, with a suitable linear range (0.1-125 fM) and a detection limit (0.03 fM). For sample analysis, the biosensors exhibited good linearity with MCF-7 cancer cell concentrations from 1000 to 25000, 1000-25000 and 1000-6000 cells mL-1 and detection limit of 310, 364 and 552 cells mL-1, for glutaraldehyde, nitrobezaldehyde and benzaldehyde based nanocomposite hydrogels, respectively. In addition, cell viability consequences demonstrated low probe cytotoxicity, so nanocomposite hydrogels was utilized to multicolor imaging of MCF-7 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Abdollah Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran; Research Center for Nanotechnology, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Agarwal DS, Prakash Singh R, Jha PN, Sakhuja R. Fabrication of deoxycholic acid tethered α-cyanostilbenes as smart low molecular weight gelators and AIEE probes for bio-imaging. Steroids 2020; 160:108659. [PMID: 32439407 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Four novel deoxycholic acid tethered α-cyanostilbenes were designed, synthesized and characterized using detailed spectroscopic analysis. The synthesized deoxycholic acid tethered α-cyanostilbene derivatives formed stable gels with a variety of solvents, such as xylene, toluene, mesitylene, decane, dodecane etc. The stable gels showed lamellar sheet type structures stacked over each other, consisting of entangled fibres as evident from SEM, TEM and Fluorescence Microscopy images; The synthesized compounds exhibited AIEE behaviour in H2O/THF mixture, with the maximum emission observed in 70% H2O/THF fraction along with a bathochromic shift. A solvent thickening experiment was perform to establish the mechanism of AIEE and the AIEE property was explored for bacterial bio-imaging. The synthesized derivatized steroids proved their potential as multifunctional organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh S Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prabhat N Jha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajeev Sakhuja
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
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Xia W, Zhang P, Fu W, Hu L, Wang Y. Aggregation/dispersion-mediated peroxidase-like activity of MoS2 quantum dots for colorimetric pyrophosphate detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2039-2042. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09799b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidase-like activity of MoS2 quantum dots can be manipulated by aggregation/dispersion in the presence of Fe3+ or a mix of Fe3+ and pyrophosphate (PPi). Based on this finding, a simple and reliable method for colorimetric PPi detection is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiang Xia
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, and College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing 401331
- China
| | - Pu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- China
| | - Wensheng Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, and College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing 401331
- China
| | - Lianzhe Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, and College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing 401331
- China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, and College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing 401331
- China
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