1
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Klemm CP, Frömling T. Machine learning assisted analysis of equivalent circuit usage in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy applications. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1380-1389. [PMID: 38407482 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Electrical equivalent circuits are a widely applied tool with which electrical processes can be rationalized. There is a wide-ranging selection of fields from bioelectrochemistry to batteries to fuel cells making use of this tool. Enabling meta-analysis on the similarities and differences in the used circuits will help to identify commonly used circuits and aid in evaluating the underlying physics. We present a method and an implementation that enables the conversion of circuits included in scientific publications into a machine-readable form for generating machine learning datasets or circuit simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Philipp Klemm
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- rhd instruments GmbH & Co. KG, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Till Frömling
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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2
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Adeoye HA, Dent M, Watts JF, Tennison S, Lekakou C. Solubility and dissolution kinetics of sulfur and sulfides in electrolyte solvents for lithium-sulfur and sodium-sulfur batteries. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:064702. [PMID: 36792496 DOI: 10.1063/5.0132068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we monitor the dissolution of sulfur and sulfides in electrolyte solvents for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) and sodium-sulfur (Na-S) batteries. The first aim of this research is to assemble a comprehensive set of data on solubilities and dissolution kinetics that may be used in the simulation of battery cycling. The investigation also offers important insights to address key bottlenecks in the development and commercialization of metal-sulfur batteries, including the incomplete dissolution of sulfur in discharge and insoluble low-order sulfides in charge, the probability of shuttling of soluble polysulfides, and the pausing of the redox reactions in precipitated low order sulfides depending on their degree of solid state. The tested materials include sulfur, lithium sulfides Li2Sx, x = 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8, and sodium sulfides Na2Sx, x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8, dissolved in two alternative electrolyte solvents: DOL:DME 1:1 v/v and TEGDME. The determined properties of the solute dissolution in the solvent include saturation concentration, mass transfer coefficient, and diffusion coefficient of the solvent in the solid solute. In general, the DOL:DME system offers high solubility in Li-S batteries and TEGDME offers the highest solubility in Na-S batteries. Low solubility sulfides are Li2S2 and Li2S for the Li-S batteries, and Na2S3, Na2S2, and Na2S for the Na-S batteries. However, it is noted that Na2S3 dissolves fast in TEGDME and also TEGDME diffuses fast into Na2S3, offering the possibility of a swollen Na2S3 structure in which Na+ ions might diffuse and continue the redox reactions in a semisolid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakeem A Adeoye
- Centre of Engineering Materials, School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Dent
- Centre of Engineering Materials, School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - John F Watts
- Centre of Engineering Materials, School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Tennison
- Centre of Engineering Materials, School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Constantina Lekakou
- Centre of Engineering Materials, School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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3
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DFT Simulation-Based Design of 1T-MoS 2 Cathode Hosts for Li-S Batteries and Experimental Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415608. [PMID: 36555250 PMCID: PMC9779699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The main challenge in lithium sulphur (Li-S) batteries is the shuttling of lithium polysulphides (LiPSs) caused by the rapid LiPSs migration to the anode and the slow reaction kinetics in the chain of LiPSs conversion. In this study, we explore 1T-MoS2 as a cathode host for Li-S batteries by examining the affinity of 1T-MoS2 substrates (pristine 1T-MoS2, defected 1T-MoS2 with one and two S vacancies) toward LiPSs and their electrocatalytic effects. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations are used to determine the adsorption energy of LiPSs to these substrates, the Gibbs free energy profiles for the reaction chain, and the preferred pathways and activation energies for the slow reaction stage from Li2S4 to Li2S. The obtained information highlights the potential benefit of a combination of 1T-MoS2 regions, without or with one and two sulphur vacancies, for an improved Li-S battery performance. The recommendation is implemented in a Li-S battery with areas of pristine 1T-MoS2 and some proportion of one and two S vacancies, exhibiting a capacity of 1190 mAh/g at 0.1C, with 97% capacity retention after 60 cycles in a schedule of different C-rates from 0.1C to 2C and back to 0.1C.
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4
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Li X, Yuan L, Liu D, Xiang J, Li Z, Huang Y. Solid/Quasi-Solid Phase Conversion of Sulfur in Lithium-Sulfur Battery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106970. [PMID: 35218289 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is considered as one of the most promising options because the redox couple has almost the highest theoretical specific energy (2600 Wh kg-1 ) among all solid anode-cathode candidates for rechargeable batteries. The "solid-liquid-solid" mechanism has become a dominating phase transformation process since it was first reported, although this cathode mode suffers from a tough "shuttle" phenomenon due to the dissolution of the soluble intermediate polysulfides generated during the charging-discharging process, which causes rapid loss of energy-bearing material and shortened lifespan. For decades, tremendous efforts have been made to restrict the shuttle effect. Changing sulfur conversion to "solid-solid" mode or "quasi-solid" mode, which successfully exceed the limit of the dissolution of the intermediates, and may address the root of the problem. In this review, the main focus is on the fundamental chemistry of the "solid-solid" and "quasi-solid" phase transformation of the sulfur cathode. First, the strategies of sulfur immobilization in "solid-liquid-solid" multi-phase conversions as well as the pivotal influence factors for the electrochemical conversion process are briefly introduced. Then, the different routes are summarized to realize the "solid-solid" and "quasi-solid" redox mechanisms. Finally, a perspectives on building high-energy-density Li-S batteries are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lixia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dezhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jingwei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yunhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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5
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Pai R, Singh A, Tang MH, Kalra V. Stabilization of gamma sulfur at room temperature to enable the use of carbonate electrolyte in Li-S batteries. Commun Chem 2022; 5:17. [PMID: 36697747 PMCID: PMC9814344 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This past decade has seen extensive research in lithium-sulfur batteries with exemplary works mitigating the notorious polysulfide shuttling. However, these works utilize ether electrolytes that are highly volatile severely hindering their practicality. Here, we stabilize a rare monoclinic γ-sulfur phase within carbon nanofibers that enables successful operation of Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) batteries in carbonate electrolyte for 4000 cycles. Carbonates are known to adversely react with the intermediate polysulfides and shut down Li-S batteries in first discharge. Through electrochemical characterization and post-mortem spectroscopy/ microscopy studies on cycled cells, we demonstrate an altered redox mechanism in our cells that reversibly converts monoclinic sulfur to Li2S without the formation of intermediate polysulfides for the entire range of 4000 cycles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the synthesis of stable γ-sulfur and its application in Li-S batteries. We hope that this striking discovery of solid-to-solid reaction will trigger new fundamental and applied research in carbonate electrolyte Li-S batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pai
- grid.166341.70000 0001 2181 3113Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Arvinder Singh
- grid.166341.70000 0001 2181 3113Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Maureen H. Tang
- grid.166341.70000 0001 2181 3113Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Vibha Kalra
- grid.166341.70000 0001 2181 3113Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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6
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Grabe S, Baboo JP, Tennison S, Zhang T, Lekakou C, Andritsos EI, Cai Q, Downes S, Hinder S, Watts JF. Sulfur infiltration and allotrope formation in porous cathode hosts for Lithium‐sulfur batteries. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Grabe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
| | - Joseph Paul Baboo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
| | - Stephen Tennison
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
| | - Constantina Lekakou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
| | - Eleftherios I. Andritsos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Surrey Guildford UK
| | - Qiong Cai
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Surrey Guildford UK
| | - Stephen Downes
- Advanced Technology Institute (ATI) University of Surrey Guildford UK
| | - Stephen Hinder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
| | - John F. Watts
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
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7
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Choi YS, Park GO, Kim KH, Kwon Y, Huh J, Kim JM. Unveiling the role of micropores in porous carbon for Li-S batteries using operando SAXS. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10500-10503. [PMID: 34580686 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04270j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The movement of the sulfur species of a lithium-sulfur battery cathode was directly observed through pioneering operando SAXS analysis. Micropore is a prior repository for sulfur before and after the electrochemical reaction. Mesopore is actual reaction site for sulfur species. The separate properties of the pores were established, adding critical insight to advanced carbon cathode material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Seok Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi Ok Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung Ho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yelim Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joonsuk Huh
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Man Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Jiang J, Fan Q, Chou S, Guo Z, Konstantinov K, Liu H, Wang J. Li 2 S-Based Li-Ion Sulfur Batteries: Progress and Prospects. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e1903934. [PMID: 31657137 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The great demand for high-energy-density batteries has driven intensive research on the Li-S battery due to its high theoretical energy density. Consequently, considerable progress in Li-S batteries is achieved, although the lithium anode material is still challenging in terms of lithium dendrites and its unstable interface with electrolyte, impeding the practical application of the Li-S battery. Li2 S-based Li-ion sulfur batteries (LISBs), which employ lithium-metal-free anodes, are a convenient and effective way to avoid the use of lithium metal for the realization of practical Li-S batteries. Over the past decade, studies on LISBs are carried out to optimize their performance. Herein, the research progress and challenges of LISBs are reviewed. Several important aspects of LISBs, including their working principle, the physicochemical properties of Li2 S, Li2 S cathode material composites, LISBs full batteries, and electrolyte for Li2 S cathode, are extensively discussed. In particular, the activation barrier in the initial charge process is fundamentally analyzed and the mechanism is discussed in detail, based on previous reports. Finally, perspectives on the future direction of the research of LISBs are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Jiang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute of Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Qining Fan
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute of Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Shulei Chou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute of Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Zaiping Guo
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute of Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Konstantin Konstantinov
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute of Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Huakun Liu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute of Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Jiazhao Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute of Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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9
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Xu R, Yao Y, Wang H, Yuan Y, Wang J, Yang H, Jiang Y, Shi P, Wu X, Peng Z, Wu ZS, Lu J, Yu Y. Unraveling the Nature of Excellent Potassium Storage in Small-Molecule Se@Peapod-Like N-Doped Carbon Nanofibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003879. [PMID: 33206429 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The potassium-selenium (K-Se) battery is considered as an alternative solution for stationary energy storage because of abundant resource of K. However, the detailed mechanism of the energy storage process is yet to be unraveled. Herein, the findings in probing the working mechanism of the K-ion storage in Se cathode are reported using both experimental and computational approaches. A flexible K-Se battery is prepared by employing the small-molecule Se embedded in freestanding N -doped porous carbon nanofibers thin film (Se@NPCFs) as cathode. The reaction mechanisms are elucidated by identifying the existence of short-chain molecular Se encapsulated inside the microporous host, which transforms to K2 Se by a two-step conversion reaction via an "all-solid-state" electrochemical process in the carbonate electrolyte system. Through the whole reaction, the generation of polyselenides (K2 Sen , 3 ≤ n ≤ 8) is effectively suppressed by electrochemical reaction dominated by Se2 molecules, thus significantly enhancing the utilization of Se and effecting the voltage platform of the K-Se battery. This work offers a practical pathway to optimize the K-Se battery performance through structure engineering and manipulation of selenium chemistry for the formation of selective species and reveal its internal reaction mechanism in the carbonate electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yifei Yuan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 205-167A, 9700 South, Cass Ave., Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
| | - Hai Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Pengcheng Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zhangquan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
| | - Zhong-Shuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 205-167A, 9700 South, Cass Ave., Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yan Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, Liaoning, China
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10
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Cavers H, Krüger H, Polonskyi O, Schütt F, Adelung R, Hansen S. Temperature-Dependent Vapor Infiltration of Sulfur into Highly Porous Hierarchical Three-Dimensional Conductive Carbon Networks for Lithium Ion Battery Applications. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28196-28203. [PMID: 33163802 PMCID: PMC7643246 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical, conductive, porous, three-dimensional (3D) carbon networks based on carbon nanotubes are used as a scaffold material for the incorporation of sulfur in the vapor phase to produce carbon nanotube tube/sulfur (CNTT/S) composites for application in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) as a cathode material. The high conductivity of the carbon nanotube-based scaffold material, in combination with vapor infiltration of sulfur, allows for improved utilization of insulating sulfur as the active material in the cathode. When sulfur is evenly distributed throughout the network via vapor infiltration, the carbon scaffold material confines the sulfur, allowing the sulfur to become electrochemically active in the context of an LIB. The electrochemical performance of the sulfur cathode was further investigated as a function of the temperature used for the vapor infiltration of sulfur into the carbon scaffolds (155, 175, and 200 °C) in order to determine the ideal infiltration temperature to maximize sulfur loading and minimize the polysulfide shuttle effect. In addition, the nature of the incorporation of sulfur at the interfaces within the 3D carbon network at the different vapor infiltration temperatures will be investigated via Raman, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The resulting CNTT/S composites, infiltrated at each temperature, were incorporated into a half-cell using Li metal as a counter electrode and a 0.7 M LiTFSI electrolyte in ether solvents and characterized electrochemically using cyclic voltammetry measurements. The results indicate that the CNTT matrix infiltrated with sulfur at the highest temperature (200 °C) had improved incorporation of sulfur into the carbon network, the best electrochemical performance, and the highest sulfur loading, 8.4 mg/cm2, compared to the CNTT matrices infiltrated at 155 and 175 °C, with sulfur loadings of 4.8 and 6.3 mg/cm2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Cavers
- University of Kiel, Institute
for Material Science, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Helge Krüger
- University of Kiel, Institute
for Material Science, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Schütt
- University of Kiel, Institute
for Material Science, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Adelung
- University of Kiel, Institute
for Material Science, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Hansen
- University of Kiel, Institute
for Material Science, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
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11
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Xiao Y, Yamamoto K, Matsui Y, Watanabe T, Nakanishi K, Uchiyama T, Shingubara S, Ishikawa M, Watanabe M, Uchimoto Y. Operando soft X-ray absorption spectroscopic study on microporous carbon-supported sulfur cathodes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39875-39880. [PMID: 35515411 PMCID: PMC9057504 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08299f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur is a promising material for next-generation cathodes, owing to its high energy and low cost. However, sulfur cathodes have the disadvantage of serious cyclability issues due to the dissolution of polysulfides that form as intermediate products during discharge/charge cycling. Filling sulfur into the micropores of porous carbon is an effective method to suppress its dissolution. Although microporous carbon-supported sulfur cathodes show an electrochemical behavior different from that of the conventional sulfur ones, the corresponding reaction mechanism is not clearly understood. In this study, we focused on clarifying the reaction mechanism of microporous carbon-supported sulfur cathodes by operando soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In the microporous carbon support, sulfur was present as smaller fragments compared to conventional sulfur. During the first discharge process, the sulfur species in the microporous carbon were initially reduced to S62− and S22− and then to Li2S. The S62− and S22− species were observed first, with S22− being the main polysulfide species during the discharge process, while Li2S was produced in the final discharge process. The narrow pores of microporous carbon prevent the dissolution of polysulfides and influence the reaction mechanism of sulfur cathodes. The reaction mechanism of the sulfur cathode in the microporous carbon during discharge was observed by operando XAS.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Yukiko Matsui
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University 3-3-35 Yamate-cho Suita Osaka 564-8680 Japan
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Koji Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Tomoki Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Shoso Shingubara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kansai University 3-3-35 Yamate-cho Suita Osaka 564-8680 Japan
| | - Masashi Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University 3-3-35 Yamate-cho Suita Osaka 564-8680 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Uchimoto
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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12
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Zhao M, Li B, Peng H, Yuan H, Wei J, Huang J. Lithium‐Schwefel‐Batterien mit Magerelektrolyt: Herausforderungen und Perspektiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Bo‐Quan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engieering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Jie Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engieering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Hong Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Yu Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Qi Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
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Zhao M, Li B, Peng H, Yuan H, Wei J, Huang J. Lithium–Sulfur Batteries under Lean Electrolyte Conditions: Challenges and Opportunities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12636-12652. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Bo‐Quan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chmeical Reaction Engieering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Jie Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chmeical Reaction Engieering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Hong Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Yu Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Qi Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
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