Impact of Amorphous-C/Ni Multilayers on Ni-Induced Layer Exchange for Multilayer Graphene on Insulators

Layer exchange synthesis of multilayer graphene

Low-temperature synthesis of multilayer graphene (MLG) on arbitrary substrates is the key to incorporating MLG-based functional thin films, including transparent electrodes, low-resistance wiring, heat spreaders, and battery anodes in advanced electronic devices. This paper reviews the synthesis of MLG via the layer exchange (LE) phenomenon between carbon and metal from its mechanism to the possibility of device applications. The mechanism of LE is completely different from that of conventional MLG precipitation methods using metals, and the resulting MLG exhibits unique features. Modulation of metal species and growth conditions enables synthesis of high-quality MLG over a wide range of growth temperatures (350 °C-1000 °C) and MLG thicknesses (5-500 nm). Device applications are discussed based on the high electrical conductivity (2700 S cm^-1) of MLG and anode operation in Li-ion batteries. Finally, we discuss the future challenges of LE for MLG and its application to flexible devices.

Multilayer graphene in situ formed in carbonized waste paper with the synergism of nickel and sodium

MLG is in situ formed with the synergism of nickel and sodium. The porous structure of amorphous carbon is effectively optimized with the formation of MLG and its capacitive performance is clearly improved.