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Guo W, Li G, Wang N, Yang C, Peng H, Wang M, Liu D. Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL) Confers Resistance to Verticillium Wilt in Cotton by Inhibiting the Spread of Fungus and Generating ROS Burst. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17164. [PMID: 38138993 PMCID: PMC10743298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne vascular disease caused by the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae. It causes great harm to upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield and quality. A previous study has shown that Hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) exerts strong inhibitory activity against V. dahliae in vitro. In the current study, we introduced the HEWL gene into cotton through the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and the exogenous HEWL protein was successfully expressed in cotton. Our study revealed that HEWL was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of V. dahlia in cotton. Consequently, the overexpression of HEWL effectively improved the resistance to Verticillium wilt in transgenic cotton. In addition, ROS accumulation and NO content increased rapidly after the V. dahliae inoculation of plant leaves overexpressing HEWL. In addition, the expression of the PR genes was significantly up-regulated. Taken together, our results suggest that HEWL significantly improves resistance to Verticillium wilt by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungus, triggering ROS burst, and activating PR genes expression in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dehu Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Siodmak A, Martinez-Seidel F, Rayapuram N, Bazin J, Alhoraibi H, Gentry-Torfer D, Tabassum N, Sheikh AH, Kise J, Blilou I, Crespi M, Kopka J, Hirt H. Dynamics of ribosome composition and ribosomal protein phosphorylation in immune signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11876-11892. [PMID: 37823590 PMCID: PMC10681734 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, the detection of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) induces primary innate immunity by the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). We show here that the MAMP-activated MAPK MPK6 not only modulates defense through transcriptional regulation but also via the ribosomal protein translation machinery. To understand the effects of MPK6 on ribosomes and their constituent ribosomal proteins (RPs), polysomes, monosomes and the phosphorylation status of the RPs, MAMP-treated WT and mpk6 mutant plants were analysed. MAMP-activation induced rapid changes in RP composition of monosomes, polysomes and in the 60S ribosomal subunit in an MPK6-specific manner. Phosphoproteome analysis showed that MAMP-activation of MPK6 regulates the phosphorylation status of the P-stalk ribosomal proteins by phosphorylation of RPP0 and the concomitant dephosphorylation of RPP1 and RPP2. These events coincide with a significant decrease in the abundance of ribosome-bound RPP0s, RPP1s and RPP3s in polysomes. The P-stalk is essential in regulating protein translation by recruiting elongation factors. Accordingly, we found that RPP0C mutant plants are compromised in basal resistance to Pseudomonas syringae infection. These data suggest that MAMP-induced defense also involves MPK6-induced regulation of P-stalk proteins, highlighting a new role of ribosomal regulation in plant innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Siodmak
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Federico Martinez-Seidel
- Willmitzer Department, Max Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Naganand Rayapuram
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeremie Bazin
- CNRS, INRA, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Univ Paris Sud, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, Universite Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Hanna Alhoraibi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21551 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dione Gentry-Torfer
- Willmitzer Department, Max Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Naheed Tabassum
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arsheed H Sheikh
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - José Kenyi González Kise
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Crespi
- CNRS, INRA, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Univ Paris Sud, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, Universite Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Willmitzer Department, Max Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Balotf S, Wilson CR, Tegg RS, Nichols DS, Wilson R. Large-Scale Protein and Phosphoprotein Profiling to Explore Potato Resistance Mechanisms to Spongospora subterranea Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:872901. [PMID: 35498715 PMCID: PMC9047998 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.872901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Potato is one of the most important food crops for human consumption. The soilborne pathogen Spongospora subterranea infects potato roots and tubers, resulting in considerable economic losses from diminished tuber yields and quality. A comprehensive understanding of how potato plants respond to S. subterranea infection is essential for the development of pathogen-resistant crops. Here, we employed label-free proteomics and phosphoproteomics to quantify systemically expressed protein-level responses to S. subterranea root infection in potato foliage of the susceptible and resistant potato cultivars. A total of 2,669 proteins and 1,498 phosphoproteins were quantified in the leaf samples of the different treatment groups. Following statistical analysis of the proteomic data, we identified oxidoreductase activity, electron transfer, and photosynthesis as significant processes that differentially changed upon root infection specifically in the resistant cultivar and not in the susceptible cultivar. The phosphoproteomics results indicated increased activity of signal transduction and defense response functions in the resistant cultivar. In contrast, the majority of increased phosphoproteins in the susceptible cultivar were related to transporter activity and sub-cellular localization. This study provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms and systemic signals involved in potato resistance to S. subterranea infection and has identified new roles for protein phosphorylation in the regulation of potato immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Balotf
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, New Town, TAS, Australia
| | - Calum R. Wilson
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, New Town, TAS, Australia
| | - Robert S. Tegg
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, New Town, TAS, Australia
| | - David S. Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Richard Wilson
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Balotf S, Wilson R, Tegg RS, Nichols DS, Wilson CR. Shotgun Proteomics as a Powerful Tool for the Study of the Proteomes of Plants, Their Pathogens, and Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Proteomes 2022; 10:5. [PMID: 35225985 PMCID: PMC8883913 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between plants and pathogenic microorganisms is a multifaceted process mediated by both plant- and pathogen-derived molecules, including proteins, metabolites, and lipids. Large-scale proteome analysis can quantify the dynamics of proteins, biological pathways, and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) involved in the plant-pathogen interaction. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has become the preferred method for characterizing proteins at the proteome and sub-proteome (e.g., the phosphoproteome) levels. MS-based proteomics can reveal changes in the quantitative state of a proteome and provide a foundation for understanding the mechanisms involved in plant-pathogen interactions. This review is intended as a primer for biologists that may be unfamiliar with the diverse range of methodology for MS-based shotgun proteomics, with a focus on techniques that have been used to investigate plant-pathogen interactions. We provide a summary of the essential steps required for shotgun proteomic studies of plants, pathogens and plant-pathogen interactions, including methods for protein digestion, identification, separation, and quantification. Finally, we discuss how protein PTMs may directly participate in the interaction between a pathogen and its host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Balotf
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, New Town, TAS 7008, Australia; (S.B.); (R.S.T.)
| | - Richard Wilson
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia;
| | - Robert S. Tegg
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, New Town, TAS 7008, Australia; (S.B.); (R.S.T.)
| | - David S. Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia;
| | - Calum R. Wilson
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, New Town, TAS 7008, Australia; (S.B.); (R.S.T.)
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Zhou J, Wu Y, Zhang X, Zhao L, Feng Z, Wei F, Zhang Y, Feng H, Zhou Y, Zhu H. MPK homolog GhNTF6 was involved in cotton against Verticillium wilt by interacted with VdEPG1. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:456-465. [PMID: 34920061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPKs) are important in regulating plant development and stress response. Rapid activation of MPKs in plants usually depends on its phosphorylated. In view of this situation, a phosphorylated GhNTF6 belonged to MPKs family was screened in cotton roots under Verticillium dahliae challenge by phosphoproteomics analysis. Expression of GhNTF6 in cotton plants was did not induce by V. dahliae infection, while, silencing GhNTF6 results to enhance cotton plants susceptibility to V. dahliae, overexpression - GhNTF6 enhance Arabidopsis plants survivability to V. dahliae. Moreover, the mutation of GhNTF6 at site Thr195 and Thy197 with the phosphorylation decreased the plant resistance to V. dahliae. Therefore, GhNTF6 phosphorylation is important in plants against V. dahliae. Further analysis demonstrated that GhNTF6 interacted with a V. dahliae endopolygalacturonase (VdEPG1) on the cell nucleus. We propose that GhNTF6 is a potential molecular target for improving resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yajie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Zili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Hongjie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
| | - Heqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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Huang W, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Wei F, Feng Z, Zhao L, Shi Y, Feng H, Zhu H. The Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog Protein D ( GhRbohD) Positively Regulates the Cotton Resistance to Verticillium dahliae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313041. [PMID: 34884844 PMCID: PMC8657740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, mainly caused by a soil-inhabiting fungus Verticillium dahliae, can seriously reduce the yield and quality of cotton. The complex mechanism underlying cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt remains largely unknown. In plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated by Rbohs is one of the earliest responses of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. In our previous study, we performed a time-course phospho-proteomic analysis of roots of resistant and susceptible cotton varieties in response to V. dahliae, and found early differentially expressed protein burst oxidase homolog protein D (GhRbohD). However, the role of GhRbohD-mediated ROS in cotton defense against V. dahliae needs further investigation. In this study, we analyzed the function of GhRbohD-mediated resistance of cotton against V. dahliae in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis showed that GhRbohD possessed the conservative structural attributes of Rbohs family, 12 members of RbohD out of 57 Rbohs in cotton. The expression of GhRbohD was significantly upregulated after V. dahliae inoculation, peaking at 6 hpi, and the phosphorylation level was also increased. A VIGS test demonstrated that ROS production, NO, H2O2 and Ca2+ contents of GhRbohD-silenced cotton plants were significantly reduced, and lignin synthesis and callose accumulation were damaged, important reasons for the impairment of GhRbohD-silenced cotton’s defense against V. dahliae. The expression levels of resistance-related genes were downregulated in GhRbohD-silenced cotton by qRT-PCR, mainly involving the lignin metabolism pathway and the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. However, overexpression of GhRbohD enhanced resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis to V. dahliae challenge. Furthermore, Y2H assays were applied to find that GhPBL9 and GhRPL12C may interact with GhRbohD. These results strongly support that GhRbohD activates ROS production to positively regulate the resistance of plants against V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.H.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (F.W.); (Z.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.H.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (F.W.); (Z.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jinglong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.H.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (F.W.); (Z.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.H.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (F.W.); (Z.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.)
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.H.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (F.W.); (Z.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.H.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (F.W.); (Z.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.H.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (F.W.); (Z.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hongjie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.H.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (F.W.); (Z.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.)
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-0372-2562280 (H.Z.)
| | - Heqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.H.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (F.W.); (Z.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.)
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-0372-2562280 (H.Z.)
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Arefian M, Bhagya N, Prasad TSK. Phosphorylation-mediated signalling in flowering: prospects and retrospects of phosphoproteomics in crops. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2164-2191. [PMID: 34047006 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a major post-translational modification, regulating protein function, stability, and subcellular localization. To date, annotated phosphorylation data are available mainly for model organisms and humans, despite the economic importance of crop species and their large kinomes. Our understanding of the phospho-regulation of flowering in relation to the biology and interaction between the pollen and pistil is still significantly lagging, limiting our knowledge on kinase signalling and its potential applications to crop production. To address this gap, we bring together relevant literature that were previously disconnected to present an overview of the roles of phosphoproteomic signalling pathways in modulating molecular and cellular regulation within specific tissues at different morphological stages of flowering. This review is intended to stimulate research, with the potential to increase crop productivity by providing a platform for novel molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arefian
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - N Bhagya
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
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Genome-Wide Analysis of Ribosomal Protein GhRPS6 and Its Role in Cotton Verticillium Wilt Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041795. [PMID: 33670294 PMCID: PMC7918698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is threatening the world’s cotton production. The pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae can survive in the soil in the form of microsclerotia for a long time, colonize through the root of cotton, and invade into vascular bundles, causing yellowing and wilting of cotton leaves, and in serious cases, leading to plant death. Breeding resistant varieties is the most economical and effective method to control Verticillium wilt. In previous studies, proteomic analysis was carried out on different cotton varieties inoculated with V. dahliae strain Vd080. It was found that GhRPS6 was phosphorylated after inoculation, and the phosphorylation level in resistant cultivars was 1.5 times than that in susceptible cultivars. In this study, knockdown of GhRPS6 expression results in the reduction of SA and JA content, and suppresses a series of defensive response, enhancing cotton plants susceptibility to V. dahliae. Overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic plants was found to be more resistant to V. dahliae. Further, serines at 237 and 240 were mutated to phenylalanine, respectively and jointly. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants demonstrated that seri-237 compromised the plant resistance to V. dahliae. Subcellular localization in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that GhRPS6 was localized in the nucleus. Additionally, the pathogen inoculation and phosphorylation site mutation did not change its localization. These results indicate that GhRPS6 is a potential molecular target for improving resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton. This lays a foundation for breeding disease-resistant varieties.
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PhosPhAt 4.0: An Updated Arabidopsis Database for Searching Phosphorylation Sites and Kinase-Target Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2358:189-202. [PMID: 34270056 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1625-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The PhosPhAt 4.0 database contains information on Arabidopsis phosphorylation sites identified by mass spectrometry in large-scale experiments from different research groups. So far PhosPhAt 4.0 has been one of the most significant large-scale data resources for plant phosphorylation studies. Functionalities of the web application, besides display of phosphorylation sites, include phosphorylation site prediction and kinase-target relationships retrieval. Here, we present an overview and user instructions for the PhosPhAt 4.0 database, with strong emphasis on recent renewals regarding protein annotation by SUBA4.0 and Mapman4, and additional phosphorylation site information imported from other databases, such as UniProt. Here, we provide a user guide for the retrieval of phosphorylation motifs from the kinase-target database and how to visualize these results. The improvements incorporated into the PhosPhAt 4.0 database have produced much more functionality and user flexibility for phosphoproteomic analysis.
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Feng H, Li C, Zhou J, Yuan Y, Feng Z, Shi Y, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Wei F, Zhu H. A cotton WAKL protein interacted with a DnaJ protein and was involved in defense against Verticillium dahliae. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:633-643. [PMID: 33275973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that plant cell wall-associated receptor-like kinases (WAKs) involve in defense against pathogen attack, but their related signaling processes and regulatory mechanism remain largely unknown. We identified a WAK-like kinase (GhWAKL) from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and characterized its functional mechanism. Expression of GhWAKL in cotton plants was induced by Verticillium dahliae infection and responded to the application of salicylic acid (SA). Knockdown of GhWAKL expression results in the reduction of SA content and suppresses the SA-mediated defense response, enhancing cotton plants susceptibility to V. dahliae. And, ecotopic overexpression of GhWAKL in Arabidopsis thaliana conferred plant resistance to the pathogen. Further analysis demonstrated that GhWAKL interacted with a cotton DnaJ protein (GhDNAJ1) on the cell membrane. Silencing GhDNAJ1 also enhanced cotton susceptibility to V. dahliae. Moreover, the mutation of GhWAKL at site Ser628 with the phosphorylation decreased the interaction with GhDNAJ1 and compromised the plant resistance to V. dahliae. We propose that GhWAKL is a potential molecular target for improving resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Jinglong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Zili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Heqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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