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Soufi G, Badillo-Ramírez I, Serioli L, Altaf Raja R, Schmiegelow K, Zor K, Boisen A. Solid-phase extraction coupled to automated centrifugal microfluidics SERS: Improving quantification of therapeutic drugs in human serum. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 266:116725. [PMID: 39232434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful method in analytical chemistry, but its application in real-life medical settings has been limited due to technical challenges. In this work, we introduce an innovative approach that is meant to advance the automation of microfluidics SERS to improve reproducibility and label-free quantification of two widely used therapeutic drugs, methotrexate (MTX) and lamotrigine (LTG), in human serum. Our methodology involves a miniaturized solid-phase extraction (μ-SPE) method coupled to a centrifugal microfluidics disc with incorporated SERS substrates (CD-SERS). The CD-SERS platform enables simultaneous controlled sample wetting and accurate SERS mapping. Together with the assay we implemented a machine learning method based on Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) for robust data analysis and drug quantification. The results indicate that combining μ-SPE with CD-SERS (μ-SPE to CD-SERS) led to a substantial improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio compared to combining CD-SERS with ultrafiltration or protein precipitation. The PLSR model enabled us to obtain the limit of detection and quantification for MTX as 2.90 and 8.92 μM, respectively, and for LTG as 10.76 and 32.29 μM. We also validated our μ-SPE to CD-SERS method for MTX against HPLC and immunoassay (p-value <0.05), using patient samples undergoing MTX therapy. In addition, we achieved a satisfactory recovery rate (80%) for LTG when quantifying it in patient samples. Our results show the potential of this newly developed approach as a strategy for therapeutic drugs in point-of-care clinical settings and highlight the benefits of automating label-free SERS assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Soufi
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark; BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark.
| | - Isidro Badillo-Ramírez
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark; BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
| | - Laura Serioli
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark; BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
| | - Raheel Altaf Raja
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Kinga Zor
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark; BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark; BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
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2
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Cialla-May D, Bonifacio A, Bocklitz T, Markin A, Markina N, Fornasaro S, Dwivedi A, Dib T, Farnesi E, Liu C, Ghosh A, Popp J. Biomedical SERS - the current state and future trends. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:8957-8979. [PMID: 39109571 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is meeting the requirements in biomedical science being a highly sensitive and specific analytical tool. By employing portable Raman systems in combination with customized sample pre-treatment, point-of-care-testing (POCT) becomes feasible. Powerful SERS-active sensing surfaces with high stability and modification layers if required are available for testing and application in complex biological matrices such as body fluids, cells or tissues. This review summarizes the current state in sample collection and pretreatment in SERS detection protocols, SERS detection schemes, i.e. direct and indirect SERS as well as targeted and non-targeted SERS, and SERS-active sensing surfaces. Moreover, the recent developments and advances of SERS in biomedical application scenarios, such as infectious diseases, cancer diagnostics and therapeutic drug monitoring is given, which enables the readers to identify the sample collection and preparation protocols, SERS substrates and detection strategies that are best-suited for their specific applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Cialla-May
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alois Bonifacio
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste (TS), Italy
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science, University of Bayreuth (UBT), Nürnberger Straße 38, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alexey Markin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Natalia Markina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Stefano Fornasaro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste (TS), Italy
| | - Aradhana Dwivedi
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tony Dib
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Edoardo Farnesi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Chen Liu
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Arna Ghosh
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Juergen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Chen L, Peng RQ, Deng W, Huang JA, Li D. All-in-One Electrokinetic Strategy Coupled with a Miniaturized Chip for SERS Detection of Multipesticides. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9834-9841. [PMID: 38832651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Complexed and tiresome pretreatment processes have significantly impeded in-field analysis of environmental specimens. Herein, an all-in-one sample separation and enrichment strategy based on a compact charge-selective capture/nanoconfined enrichment (CSC/NCE) device is exploited for marker-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection of charged pesticides in matrix specimens. This tactic incorporating in situ separations, seizing, and nanoconfined enhancement can greatly elevate the effectiveness of sample pretreatment. Importantly, CSC/NCE with excellent adsorption performances and excellent plasmonic features facilitates concentration and signal amplification of electrically charged pesticides. With the introduction of an electric field on this integrated CSC/NCE, the matrix effect in samples could be significantly eradicated, and a distinct SERS response is witnessed for targeted analytes. Accurate quantification of multipesticides is achieved by synergizing the CSC/NCE chip and chemometrics, and the contents found by the CSC/NCE-based sensing strategy agree with those obtained from chromatography assays with relative deviations lower than 10%. The facile and versatile all-in-one tactic infused in a compact chip exhibits enormous potential for field-test application in chemical measurement and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Qi Peng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Dan Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
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Li Y, Wang Y, Mei R, Lv B, Zhao X, Bi L, Xu H, Chen L. Hydrogel-Coated SERS Microneedles for Drug Monitoring in Dermal Interstitial Fluid. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2567-2574. [PMID: 38696667 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
In vivo drug monitoring is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness and safety of drug treatment. Blood sampling and analysis is the current gold standard but needs professional skills and cannot meet the requirements of point-of-care testing. Dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) showed great potential to replace blood for in vivo drug monitoring; however, the detection was challenging, and the drug distribution behavior in ISF was still unclear until now. In this study, we proposed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) microneedles (MNs) for the painless and real-time analysis of drugs in ISF after intravenous injection. Using methylene blue (MB) and mitoxantrone (MTO) as model drugs, the innovative core-satellite structured Au@Ag SERS substrate, hydrogel coating over the MNs, rendered sensitive and quantitative drug detection in ISF of mice within 10 min. Based on this technique, the pharmacokinetics of the two drugs in ISF was investigated and compared with those in blood, where the drugs were analyzed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. It was found that the MB concentration in ISF and blood was comparable, whereas the concentration of MTO in ISF was 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than in blood. This work proposed an efficient tool for ISF drug monitoring. More importantly, it experimentally proved that the penetration ratio of blood to ISF was drug-dependent, providing insightful information into the potential of ISF as a blood alternative for in vivo drug detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yunqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Rongchao Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Bingqian Lv
- School of pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xizhen Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liyan Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
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Feng J, Zhou P, Qin C, Chen R, Chen Q, Li L, Chen J, Cheng H, Huang W, Cao J. Magnetic solid-phase extraction-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for label-free therapeutic drug monitoring of carbamazepine and clozapine in human serum. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 310:123924. [PMID: 38262293 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Determination of antiepileptic drugs and antipsychotics in human serum is significant in individualized drug administration and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). In this study, we developed a rapid label-free TDM method for the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) and the antipsychotic clozapine (CLO) in human serum. This detection strategy is based on the combination of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). Initially, Fe3O4@SiO2@MIL-101(Fe) nanocomposites were synthesized by the layer-by-layer self-assembly method and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, ultraviolet-visible, and Fourier transform infrared analyses. Subsequently, CBZ and CLO were detected in human serum using Fe3O4@SiO2@MIL-101(Fe) as the solid-phase extraction adsorbent and Ag nanoparticles as SERS substrates. The potential of the MSPE-SERS method for the label-free TDM of CBZ and CLO was then investigated. Fe3O4@SiO2@MIL-101(Fe) prevents magnetic particle aggregation and demonstrates rapid magnetic separation capability that simplifies the pretreatment process and reduces interference from complex matrices. Its large surface area can effectively enrich targets in complex matrices, thereby improving the SERS detection sensitivity. The linearity between CBZ and CLO was excellent over the concentration range of 0.1-100 µg/mL (calculated as the intensity of the SERS characteristic peaks of CBZ and CLO at 728 cm and 1054 cm-1, respectively), with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9987 and 0.9957, and detection limits of 0.072 and 0.12 µg/mL, respectively. The recoveries of CBZ with CLO ranged from 94.0 % to 105.0 %, and their relative standard deviations were <6.8 %. Compared to other assays, the developed MSPE-SERS method has the advantages of simple sample pretreatment, rapid detection, and good reproducibility, which provides a novel approach for the TDM of other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Chunli Qin
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Ruijue Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Qiying Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Wenyi Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jinru Cao
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Molecular Diagnostics, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Dongguan 523200, Guangdong, PR China.
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Rana A, Mishra G, Biswas S. Functional Group-Assisted Fluorescence Sensing Platform for Nanomolar-Level Detection of an Antineoplastic Drug and a Neurotransmitter from Environmental Water and Human Biofluids. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4502-4510. [PMID: 38408375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A fast, sensitive, selective, and biocompatible dual sensor of an antineoplastic medication (methotrexate) and a neurotransmitter (adrenaline) is still being searched by present-day scientists. To overcome this issue, we have designed a functionalized, robust, bio-friendly luminescent MOF for the sensitive, selective, and rapid monitoring of methotrexate and adrenaline. This probe is the first ever reported MOF-based fluorescence sensor of methotrexate and second only for adrenaline. This fluorescence probe has a very low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.34 and 11.2 nM for adrenaline and methotrexate, respectively. The sensor can detect both the targeted analytes rapidly within 5 s. It can also detect adrenaline and methotrexate from human blood serum and urine accurately and precisely. This reusable sensor is equally efficient in detecting methotrexate from environmental water specimens. Biocompatible, user-friendly, and inexpensive chitosan@MOF@cotton composites were fabricated for the detection of adrenaline and methotrexate from the nanomolar to the micromolar range by the naked eye under a fluorescence lamp. This probe displayed high reproducibility, precision, and accuracy in sensing methotrexate and adrenaline. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and the inner filter effect (IFE) are the possible mechanisms for adrenaline and methotrexate sensing, respectively. The possible mechanism was supported by using required instrumental techniques and theoretical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Gyanesh Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Shyam Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Adeniyi KO, Osmanaj B, Manavalan G, Mikkola JP, Berisha A, Tesfalidet S. Reagentless impedimetric immunosensor for monitoring of methotrexate in human blood serum using multiwalled carbon nanotube@polypyrrole/polytyramine film electrode. Talanta 2024; 268:125316. [PMID: 37864856 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring effective monitoring of methotrexate (MTX) levels in the bloodstream of cancer patients undergoing high-dose methotrexate chemotherapy is crucial to prevent potentially harmful side effects. However, the absence of portable analytical devices suitable for point-of-care bedside monitoring has presented a significant obstacle to achieving real-time MTX monitoring. In this study, we developed an impedimetric immunosensor that doesn't require reagents for measuring MTX levels in undiluted human blood serum. This reagentless approach simplifies the assay process, enabling rapid and straightforward MTX quantification. The immunosensor transducer was fabricated by electrodepositing conductive network of porous multiwalled carbon nanotube@polypyrrole/polytyramine on screen-printed gold microchip electrode (SP-Au/MWCNT70@PPy-PTA). Polyclonal anti-MTX antibodies were immobilized on the film, acting as the immunorecognition element. Non-specific binding was prevented by blocking the transducer interface with denatured bovine serum albumin (dBSA) fibrils, resulting in SP-Au/MWCNT70@PPy-PTA/anti-MTXAb|dBSA film electrode. When MTX binds to the SP-Au/MWCNT70@PPy-PTA/anti-MTXAb|dBSA interface, the film conductance and electron transfer resistance changes. This conductivity attenuation allows for electrochemical impedimetric signal transduction without a redox-probe solution. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results showed increased charge transfer resistance and phase angle as MTX concentrations increased. The SP-Au/MWCNT70@PPy-PTA/anti-MTXAb|dBSA demonstrated high sensitivity, with a linear response from 0.02 to 20.0 μM and a detection limit of 1.93 nM. The detection limit was 50 times lower than the intended safe level of MTX in human serum. The immunosensor exhibited minimal cross-reactivity with endogenous MTX analogs and serum proteins. The SP-Au/MWCNT70@PPy-PTA/anti-MTXAb|dBSA immunosensor presents a simple and rapid method for therapeutic drug monitoring compared to traditional immunoassay systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blerina Osmanaj
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, University of Prishtina, 10000, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
| | | | - Jyri-Pekka Mikkola
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden; Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Åbo-Turku, 20500, Finland
| | - Avni Berisha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prishtina, 10000, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
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Badillo-Ramírez I, Janssen SAJ, Soufi G, Slipets R, Zór K, Boisen A. Label-free SERS assay combined with multivariate spectral data analysis for lamotrigine quantification in human serum. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:495. [PMID: 38036694 PMCID: PMC10689517 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Considering the need for a more time and cost-effective method for lamotrigine (LTG) detection in clinics we developed a fast and robust label-free assay based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for LTG quantification from human serum. The optimization and application of the developed assay is presented showing the: (i) exploration of different methods for LTG separation from human serum; (ii) implementation of a molecular adsorption step on an ordered Au nanopillar SERS substrate; (iii) adaptation of a fast scanning of the SERS substrate, performed with a custom-built compact Raman spectrometer; and (iv) development of LTG quantification methods with univariate and multivariate spectral data analysis. Our results showed, for the first time, the SERS-based characterization of LTG and its label-free identification in human serum. We found that combining a miniaturized solid phase extraction, as sample pre-treatment with the SERS assay, and using a multivariate model is an optimal strategy for LTG quantification in human serum in a linear range from 9.5 to 75 μM, with LoD and LoQ of 3.2 μM and 9.5 μM, respectively, covering the suggested clinical therapeutic window. We also showed that the developed assay allowed for quantifying LTG from human serum in the presence of other drugs, thereby demonstrating the robustness of label-free SERS. The sensing approach and instrumentation can be further automated and integrated in devices that can advance the drug monitoring in real clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Badillo-Ramírez
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Selina A J Janssen
- Molecular Biosensing for Medical Diagnostics (MBx), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gohar Soufi
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Roman Slipets
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kinga Zór
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Sultana N, Thanil Singh C, Khan MR, Sen Sarma N. An optical sensing platform for the detection of anti-cancer drugs and their cytotoxicity screening using a highly selective phosphorene-based composite. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17570-17582. [PMID: 37873646 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03948j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring therapeutic drugs and their elimination is crucial because they may cause severe side effects on the human body. Methotrexate (MTX) is a widely used anti-cancer drug, which is highly expensive, and the detection of unwanted overdoses of MTX using traditional procedures is time-consuming and involves complex instrumentation. In this work, we have developed a nanocomposite material using phosphorene, cystine, and gold (Ph-Cys-Au) that shows excellent optical properties. This nanocomposite can be used as an optical sensing platform for the detection of MTX in the range 0-260 μM. The synthesized sensing platform is very sensitive, selective, and cost-effective for the detection of MTX. Ph-Cys-Au can effectively detect MTX in aqueous media with a limit of detection (LOD) of about 0.0266 nM (for a linear range of 0-140 μM) and 0.0077 nM (for a linear range of 160-260 μM). The nanocomposite is equally selective for real samples, such as human blood serum (HBS) and artificial urine (AU) with a LOD of 0.0914 nM and 0.0734 nM, respectively. We have also determined the limit of quantification (LOQ); the LOQ values for the aqueous media were 0.0807 nM (for a linear range of 0-140 μM) and 0.0234 nM (for a linear range of 160-260 μM), whereas, the values for HBS and AU were around 0.2771 nM and 0.2226 nM, respectively. Moreover, the nanocomposite also provides a feasible platform for cytotoxicity screening in cancerous cells (Caco-2 cell lines) and non-cancerous cells (L-929 cell lines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Sultana
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-35, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Chingtham Thanil Singh
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-35, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Mojibur R Khan
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-35, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Neelotpal Sen Sarma
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-35, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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10
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Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Xue J, Kong J, Huang L, Ouyang H, Fu Z, He Y. Fluorescent immunochromatographic test strip for therapeutic drug monitoring of methotrexate with high sensitivity and wide dynamic range. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:342. [PMID: 37540283 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
As a front-line chemotherapeutic drug for maintenance and consolidation therapy, methotrexate (MTX) has widely been applied to treat various tumors and some inflammatory diseases. However, because of its severe toxicity ascribed to low selectivity, it is necessary to monitor therapeutic drugs in high-dose MTX therapeutic regimens to ensure treatment safety. In this work, we developed a fluorescent immunochromatographic test strip (FITS) for monitoring MTX by employing time-resolved fluorescent microspheres as signal probes. With a competitive immunoassay mode, the FITS for MTX shows a super-wide dynamic range of 10 pM-10 μM, covering the entire clinical therapeutic concentration range of MTX. Therapeutic drug monitoring of MTX can be achieved within 7 min with high specificity, facilitating the timely rescue of drug poisoning led by high-dose MTX treatment. The method was employed for monitoring MTX in the spiked human serum, urine, and milk, showing acceptable recoveries ranging from 94.0 to 110.0%. The established FITS has been applied to MTX detection in serum obtained from high-dose MTX treatment. The results from FITS and enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique showed no significant difference, suggesting its reliability for usage in real biological samples. The device shows promise in point-of-care therapeutic drug monitoring for resource-limited countries and institutes, which significantly facilitates overcoming the lag time between sampling and results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jinxia Xue
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yong He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, China.
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11
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Markina NE, Markin AV, Cialla-May D. Cyclodextrin-assisted SERS determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in urine and blood plasma. Talanta 2023; 254:124083. [PMID: 36462278 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the use of cyclodextrins (CDs) to improve the determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in human body fluids using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). CDs were used to (i) prepare the CD-SERS substrate (synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles), (ii) increase the sensitivity of the assay by enhancing the interaction between analyte molecules and the substrate, and (iii) improve the analysis accuracy by reducing the interaction between the substrate and endogenous components of body fluids. Two native CDs (α-CD and β-CD) and two of their derivatives with hydroxypropyl groups were tested, and the best results were obtained with CD-SERS substrate prepared using native β-CD. The CD-SERS assay has been developed and optimized for the determination of commonly used and structurally related fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, and levofloxacin) in urine and blood plasma samples. Importantly, the non-significant difference in the interaction of the CD-modified SERS substrate with various fluoroquinolones has been successfully used to develop a versatile assay suitable for the analyte-class-specific analysis. Calibration plots were obtained for concentration ranges suitable for the determination of the antibiotics in urine (50-500 μg mL-1) and blood plasma (1-6 μg mL-1). The following figures of merit were obtained (for urine and blood plasma, respectively): RSD values are ≤15% and ≤23%, LOD values are 2.9-5.8 and 0.05-0.34 μg mL-1, recovery ranges are 96-105% and 91-111%. In addition, the influence of excessive concentrations of some main endogenous components of the body fluids on the analytical signal was studied. This step was used to evaluate possible limitations of the assay associated with the deviation of the composition of the body fluid matrix. Therefore, accounting for the short analysis time (≤15 min) and the use of a portable Raman spectrometer, the proposed assay can be suggested for therapeutic drug monitoring in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia E Markina
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012, Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexey V Markin
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012, Saratov, Russia.
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
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