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Zhang Q, Wang H, Liu Q, Zeng N, Fu G, Qiu Y, Yang Y, Yuan H, Wang W, Li B. Exosomes as Powerful Biomarkers in Cancer: Recent Advances in Isolation and Detection Techniques. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1923-1949. [PMID: 38435755 PMCID: PMC10906735 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s453545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles derived from cells, are known to carry important bioactive molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. These bioactive components play crucial roles in cell signaling, immune response, and tumor metastasis, making exosomes potential diagnostic biomarkers for various diseases. However, current methods for detecting tumor exosomes face scientific challenges including low sensitivity, poor specificity, complicated procedures, and high costs. It is essential to surmount these obstacles to enhance the precision and dependability of diagnostics that rely on exosomes. Merging DNA signal amplification techniques with the signal boosting capabilities of nanomaterials presents an encouraging strategy to overcome these constraints and improve exosome detection. This article highlights the use of DNA signal amplification technology and nanomaterials' signal enhancement effect to improve the detection of exosomes. This review seeks to offer valuable perspectives for the enhancement of amplification methods applied in practical cancer diagnosis and prognosis by providing an overview of how these novel technologies are utilized in exosome-based diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongdan Zhang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huizhen Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyi Liu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ni Zeng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Fu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixing Qiu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yupei Yang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanwen Yuan
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Qin T, Li P, Li J, Guo Q, Chen Y, Wang YE, Tao L, Huang J, Shen X, Wu X. Size-exclusion chromatography-based extracellular vesicle size subtyping and multiplex membrane protein profiling for differentiating gastrointestinal cancer prognosis. Analyst 2023; 148:5745-5752. [PMID: 37842723 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a type of subcellular structure, have been extensively researched for their potential for developing advanced diagnostic technologies for various diseases. However, the biomolecular and biophysical heterogeneity of EVs has restricted their application in clinical settings. In this article, we developed a size-exclusion chromatography-based technique for simultaneous EV size subtyping and protein profiling. By eluting fluorescent aptamer-treated patient plasma through a size-exclusion column, the mixture can be classified into 50 nm aptamer-bound EVs, 100 nm aptamer-bound EVs and free-floating aptamers, which could further enable multiplex EV membrane protein profiling by analyzing the fluorescence intensities of EV-bound aptamers. Using this technique, we successfully identified EV size subtypes for differentiating gastrointestinal cancer prognosis states. Overall, we developed a rapid, user-friendly and low-cost EV size subtyping and protein profiling technique, which holds great potential for identifying crucial EV size subtypes for disease diagnosis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Pinhao Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hongkong Well Hope Group Limited, 6/F RFCM, Manulife Place.348 Kwun Tong Road, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu-E Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ling Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
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Natalia A, Zhang L, Sundah NR, Zhang Y, Shao H. Analytical device miniaturization for the detection of circulating biomarkers. NATURE REVIEWS BIOENGINEERING 2023; 1:1-18. [PMID: 37359772 PMCID: PMC10064972 DOI: 10.1038/s44222-023-00050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Diverse (sub)cellular materials are secreted by cells into the systemic circulation at different stages of disease progression. These circulating biomarkers include whole cells, such as circulating tumour cells, subcellular extracellular vesicles and cell-free factors such as DNA, RNA and proteins. The biophysical and biomolecular state of circulating biomarkers carry a rich repertoire of molecular information that can be captured in the form of liquid biopsies for disease detection and monitoring. In this Review, we discuss miniaturized platforms that allow the minimally invasive and rapid detection and analysis of circulating biomarkers, accounting for their differences in size, concentration and molecular composition. We examine differently scaled materials and devices that can enrich, measure and analyse specific circulating biomarkers, outlining their distinct detection challenges. Finally, we highlight emerging opportunities in biomarker and device integration and provide key future milestones for their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auginia Natalia
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Noah R. Sundah
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huilin Shao
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Sun F, Suttapitugsakul S, Wu R. Systematic characterization of extracellular glycoproteins using mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:519-545. [PMID: 34047389 PMCID: PMC8627532 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface and secreted glycoproteins are essential to cells and regulate many extracellular events. Because of the diversity of glycans, the low abundance of many glycoproteins, and the complexity of biological samples, a system-wide investigation of extracellular glycoproteins is a daunting task. With the development of modern mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, comprehensive analysis of different protein modifications including glycosylation has advanced dramatically. This review focuses on the investigation of extracellular glycoproteins using MS-based proteomics. We first discuss the methods for selectively enriching surface glycoproteins and investigating protein interactions on the cell surface, followed by the application of MS-based proteomics for surface glycoprotein dynamics analysis and biomarker discovery. We then summarize the methods to comprehensively study secreted glycoproteins by integrating various enrichment approaches with MS-based proteomics and their applications for global analysis of secreted glycoproteins in different biological samples. Collectively, MS significantly expands our knowledge of extracellular glycoproteins and enables us to identify extracellular glycoproteins as potential biomarkers for disease detection and drug targets for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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5
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Zhao H, Pan S, Natalia A, Wu X, Ong CAJ, Teo MCC, So JBY, Shao H. A hydrogel-based mechanical metamaterial for the interferometric profiling of extracellular vesicles in patient samples. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:135-148. [PMID: 36303008 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The utility of mechanical metamaterials for biomedical applications has seldom been explored. Here we show that a metamaterial that is mechanically responsive to antibody-mediated biorecognition can serve as an optical interferometric mask to molecularly profile extracellular vesicles in ascites fluid from patients with cancer. The metamaterial consists of a hydrogel responsive to temperature and redox activity functionalized with antibodies to surface biomarkers on extracellular vesicles, and is patterned into micrometric squares on a gold-coated glass substrate. Through plasmonic heating, the metamaterial is maintained in a transition state between a relaxed form and a buckled state. Binding of extracellular vesicles from the patient samples to the antibodies on the hydrogel causes it to undergo crosslinking, induced by free radicals generated via the activity of horseradish peroxidase conjugated to the antibodies. Hydrogel crosslinking causes the metamaterial to undergo fast chiral re-organization, inducing amplified changes in its mechanical deformation and diffraction patterns, which are detectable by a smartphone camera. The mechanical metamaterial may find broad utility in the sensitive optical immunodetection of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhao
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sijun Pan
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Auginia Natalia
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xingjie Wu
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin-Ann J Ong
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melissa C C Teo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jimmy B Y So
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Surgical Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huilin Shao
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
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6
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Nicoliche CYN, da Silva GS, Gomes-de-Pontes L, Schleder GR, Lima RS. Single-Response Electronic Tongue and Machine Learning Enable the Multidetermination of Extracellular Vesicle Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnostics Without Recognition Elements. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2679:83-94. [PMID: 37300610 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3271-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Platforms based on impedimetric electronic tongue (nonselective sensor) and machine learning are promising to bring disease screening biosensors into mainstream use toward straightforward, fast, and accurate analyses at the point-of-care, thus contributing to rationalize and decentralize laboratory tests with social and economic impacts being achieved. By combining a low-cost and scalable electronic tongue with machine learning, in this chapter, we describe the simultaneous determination of two extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers, i.e., the concentrations of EV and carried proteins, in mice blood with Ehrlich tumor from a single impedance spectrum without using biorecognizing elements. This tumor shows primary features of mammary tumor cells. Pencil HB core electrodes are integrated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip. The platform shows the highest throughput in comparison with the methods addressed in the literature to determine EV biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Y N Nicoliche
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Leticia Gomes-de-Pontes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel R Schleder
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Renato S Lima
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
- Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Visan KS, Wu LY, Voss S, Wuethrich A, Möller A. Status quo of Extracellular Vesicle isolation and detection methods for clinical utility. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:157-171. [PMID: 36581020 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles that hold tremendous potential in the clinical space, as their biomolecular profiles hold a key to non-invasive liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. EVs are present in most bodily fluids, hence are easily obtainable from patients, advantageous to that of traditional, invasive tissue biopsies and imaging techniques. However, there are certain constraints that hinder clinical use of EVs. The translation of EV biomarkers from "bench-to-bedside" is encumbered by the methods of EV isolation and subsequent biomarker detection currently implemented in laboratories. Although current isolation and detection methods are effective, they lack practicality, with their requirement for high bodily fluid volumes, low equipment availability, slow turnaround times and high costs. The high demand for techniques that overcome these limitations has resulted in significant advancements in nanotechnological devices. These devices are designed to integrate EV isolation and biomarker detection into a one-step method of direct EV detection from bodily fluids. This provides promise for the acceleration of EVs into current clinical standards. This review highlights the importance of EVs as cancer biomarkers, the methodological obstacles currently faced in clinical studies and how novel nanodevices could advance clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kekoolani S Visan
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Li-Ying Wu
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Sarah Voss
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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8
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Li Z, Ma D, Zhang Y, Luo Z, Weng L, Ding X, Wang L. Biomimetic 3D Recognition with 2D Flexible Nanoarchitectures for Ultrasensitive and Visual Extracellular Vesicle Detection. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14794-14800. [PMID: 36215207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite increasing recognition of extracellular vesicles being important circulating biomarkers in disease diagnosis and prognosis, current strategies for extracellular vesicle detection remain limited due to the compromised sample purification and extensive labeling procedures in complex body fluids. Here, we developed a 2D magnetic platform that greatly improves capture efficiency and readily realizes visible signal conversion for extracellular vesicle detection. The technology, termed high-affinity recognition and visual extracellular vesicle testing (HARVEST), leverages 2D flexible Fe3O4-MoS2 nanostructures to recognize extracellular vesicles through multidentate affinity binding and feasible magnetic separation, thus enhancing the extracellular vesicle capture performance with both yield and separation time, affording high sensitivity with the detection limit of 20 extracellular vesicle particles/μL. Through integration with lipid labeling chemistry and the fluorescence visualization system, the platform enables rapid and visible detection. The number of extracellular vesicles can be feasibly determined by smart mobile phones, readily adapted for point-of-care diagnosis. When clinically evaluated, the strategy accurately differentiates melanoma samples from the normal cohort with an AUC of 0.98, demonstrating the efficient extracellular vesicle detection strategy with 2D flexible platforms for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Die Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Zhimin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Lixing Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Xianguang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing210023, China
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Wang J, Li L, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Bi Y. Extracellular vesicles mediate the communication of adipose tissue with brain and promote cognitive impairment associated with insulin resistance. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1264-1279.e8. [PMID: 36070680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes with obesity-related insulin resistance as the main manifestation is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Adipose tissue plays an important role in this process. Here, we demonstrated that adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their cargo microRNAs (miRNAs) mediate inter-organ communication between adipose tissue and the brain, which can be transferred into the brain in a membrane protein-dependent manner and enriched in neurons, especially in the hippocampus. Further investigation suggests that adipose tissue-derived EVs from high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice or patients with diabetes induce remarkable synaptic loss and cognitive impairment. Depletion of miRNA cargo in these EVs significantly alleviates their detrimental effects on cognitive function. Collectively, these data suggest that targeting adipose tissue-derived EVs or their cargo miRNAs may provide a promising strategy for pharmaceutical interventions for cognitive impairment in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), NJU Institute of AI Biomedicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing 210008, China.
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10
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Saha N, Brunetti G, Kumar A, Armenise MN, Ciminelli C. Highly Sensitive Refractive Index Sensor Based on Polymer Bragg Grating: A Case Study on Extracellular Vesicles Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12060415. [PMID: 35735562 PMCID: PMC9220804 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of small changes in the refractive index (RI) leads to a comprehensive analysis of different biochemical substances, paving the way to non-invasive and cost-effective medical diagnosis. In recent times, the liquid biopsy for cancer detection via extracellular vesicles (EV) in the bodily fluid is becoming very popular thanks to less invasiveness and stability. In this context, here we propose a highly sensitive RI sensor based on a compact high-index-coated polymer waveguide Bragg grating with a metal under cladding. Owing to the combined effect of a metal under cladding and a high-index coating, a significant enhancement in the RI sensitivity as well as the dynamic range has been observed. The proposed sensor has been analyzed by combining finite element method (FEM) and coupled-mode theory (CMT) approaches, demonstrating a sensitivity of 408-861 nm/RIU over a broad dynamic range of 1.32-1.44, and a strong evanescent field within a 150 nm proximity to the waveguide surface compliant with EV size. The aforementioned performance makes the proposed device suitable for performing real-time and on-chip diagnoses of cancer in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Saha
- Optoelectronics Laboratory, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 6, 70125 Bari, Italy; (N.S.); (G.B.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Brunetti
- Optoelectronics Laboratory, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 6, 70125 Bari, Italy; (N.S.); (G.B.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Arun Kumar
- B-272, Prodhyogiki Apartments, Sec-3, New Delhi 110078, India;
| | - Mario Nicola Armenise
- Optoelectronics Laboratory, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 6, 70125 Bari, Italy; (N.S.); (G.B.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Caterina Ciminelli
- Optoelectronics Laboratory, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 6, 70125 Bari, Italy; (N.S.); (G.B.); (M.N.A.)
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11
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Organ-on-a-Chip for Studying Gut-Brain Interaction Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles in the Gut Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413513. [PMID: 34948310 PMCID: PMC8707342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of membrane vesicles that play important roles in cell-to-cell and interspecies/interkingdom communications by modulating the pathophysiological conditions of recipient cells. Recent evidence has implied their potential roles in the gut–brain axis (GBA), which is a complex bidirectional communication system between the gut environment and brain pathophysiology. Despite the evidence, the roles of EVs in the gut microenvironment in the GBA are less highlighted. Moreover, there are critical challenges in the current GBA models and analyzing techniques for EVs, which may hinder the research. Currently, advances in organ-on-a-chip (OOC) technologies have provided a promising solution. Here, we review the potential effects of EVs occurring in the gut environment on brain physiology and behavior and discuss how to apply OOCs to research the GBA mediated by EVs in the gut microenvironment.
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Boykoff N, Freage L, Lenn J, Mallikaratchy P. Bispecific Aptamer Sensor toward T-Cell Leukemia Detection in the Tumor Microenvironment. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:32563-32570. [PMID: 34901605 PMCID: PMC8655784 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current detection methods of malignant cells are mainly based on the high expression levels of certain surface proteins on these cells. However, many of the same surface marker proteins are also expressed in normal cells. Growing evidence suggests that the molecular signatures of the tumor microenvironment (TME) are related to the biological state of a diseased cell. Exploiting the unique molecular signature of the TME, we have designed a molecular sensing agent consisting of a molecular switch that can sense the elevated concentration of a small molecule in the TME and promote precise recognition of a malignant cell. We accomplished this by designing and developing a bispecific aptamer that takes advantage of a high concentration of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in the TME. Thus, we report a prototype of a bispecific aptamer molecule, which serves as a dual detection platform and recognizes tumor cells only when a given metabolite concentration is elevated in the TME. This system overcomes hurdles in detecting tumor cells solely based on the elevated expression of cell surface markers, providing a universal platform for tumor targeting and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Boykoff
- Ph.D.
Programs in Chemistry and Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United
States
| | - Lina Freage
- Department
of Chemistry, Lehman College, The City University
of New York, 250 Bedford
Park Blvd., West, Bronx, New York 10468, United
States
| | - Jared Lenn
- The
Bronx High School of Science, 75 W 205th Street, Bronx, New York 10468, United States
| | - Prabodhika Mallikaratchy
- Department
of Chemistry, Lehman College, The City University
of New York, 250 Bedford
Park Blvd., West, Bronx, New York 10468, United
States
- Ph.D.
Programs in Chemistry and Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United
States
- Ph.D.
Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United
States
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13
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Tan J, Wen Y, Li M. Emerging biosensing platforms for quantitative detection of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Qin B, Hu XM, Su ZH, Zeng XB, Ma HY, Xiong K. Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles: Research progress from isolation to application. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 226:153604. [PMID: 34500372 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the structures that all cells release into the environment. They are separated by a lipid bilayer and contain the cellular components that release them. To date, most studies have been performed on EVs derived from cell supernatants or different body fluids, while the number of studies on EV isolation directly from tissues is still limited. Studies of EV isolation directly from tissues may provide us with better information. This review summarizes the role of EV in the extracellular matrix, the protocol for isolation of EV in the tissue interstitium, and the application of the protocol in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Xialu District Guilin North Road No.16, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Xi-Min Hu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-year Program, 02 Class, 17 Grade, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhen-Hong Su
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Xialu District Guilin North Road No.16, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Xialu District Guilin North Road No.16, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Hong-Ying Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Xialu District Guilin North Road No.16, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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15
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Cheng S, Li Y, Yan H, Wen Y, Zhou X, Friedman L, Zeng Y. Advances in microfluidic extracellular vesicle analysis for cancer diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3219-3243. [PMID: 34352059 PMCID: PMC8387453 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00443c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cells into the bloodstream and other bodily fluids, including exosomes, have been demonstrated to be a class of significant messengers that mediate intercellular communications. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles are enriched in a selective set of biomolecules from original cells, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and thus offer a new perspective of liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Owing to the heterogeneity of their biogenesis, physical properties, and molecular constituents, isolation and molecular characterization of EVs remain highly challenging. Microfluidics provides a disruptive platform for EV isolation and analysis owing to its inherent advantages to promote the development of new molecular and cellular sensing systems with improved sensitivity, specificity, spatial and temporal resolution, and throughput. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art advances in the development of microfluidic principles and devices for EV isolation and biophysical or biochemical characterization, in comparison to the conventional counterparts. We will also survey the progress in adapting the new microfluidic techniques to assess the emerging EV-associated biomarkers, mostly focused on proteins and nucleic acids, for clinical diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Lastly, we will discuss the current challenges in the field of EV research and our outlook on future development of enabling microfluidic platforms for EV-based liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Pan S, Zhang Y, Natalia A, Lim CZJ, Ho NRY, Chowbay B, Loh TP, Tam JKC, Shao H. Extracellular vesicle drug occupancy enables real-time monitoring of targeted cancer therapy. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:734-742. [PMID: 33686255 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00872-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Current technologies to measure drug-target interactions require complex processing and invasive tissue biopsies, limiting their clinical utility for cancer treatment monitoring. Here we develop an analytical platform that leverages circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) for activity-based assessment of tumour-specific drug-target interactions in patient blood samples. The technology, termed extracellular vesicle monitoring of small-molecule chemical occupancy and protein expression (ExoSCOPE), utilizes bio-orthogonal probe amplification and spatial patterning of molecular reactions within matched plasmonic nanoring resonators to achieve in situ analysis of EV drug dynamics. It measures changes in drug occupancy and protein composition in molecular subpopulations of EVs. When used to monitor various targeted therapies, the ExoSCOPE revealed EV signatures that closely reflected cellular treatment efficacy. We further applied the technology for clinical cancer diagnostics and treatment monitoring. Using a small volume of blood, the ExoSCOPE accurately classified disease status and rapidly distinguished between targeted treatment outcomes, within 24 h after treatment initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Pan
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Auginia Natalia
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carine Z J Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas R Y Ho
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Balram Chowbay
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Clinician-Scientist Development, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John K C Tam
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huilin Shao
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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17
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Ullah M, Kodam SP, Mu Q, Akbar A. Microbubbles versus Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutic Cargo for Targeting Drug Delivery. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3612-3620. [PMID: 33666429 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and microbubbles are nanoparticles in drug-delivery systems that are both considered important for clinical translation. Current research has found that both microbubbles and EVs have the potential to be utilized as drug-delivery agents for therapeutic targets in various diseases. In combination with EVs, microbubbles are capable of delivering chemotherapeutic drugs to tumor sites and neighboring sites of damaged tissues. However, there are no standards to evaluate or to compare the benefits of EVs (natural carrier) versus microbubbles (synthetic carrier) as drug carriers. Both drug carriers are being investigated for release patterns and for pharmacokinetics; however, few researchers have focused on their targeted delivery or efficacy. In this Perspective, we compare EVs and microbubbles for a better understanding of their utility in terms of delivering drugs to their site of action and future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujib Ullah
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sai Priyanka Kodam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Qian Mu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Asma Akbar
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
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18
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Lussier F, Staufer O, Platzman I, Spatz JP. Can Bottom-Up Synthetic Biology Generate Advanced Drug-Delivery Systems? Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:445-459. [PMID: 32912650 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Creating a magic bullet that can selectively kill cancer cells while sparing nearby healthy cells remains one of the most ambitious objectives in pharmacology. Nanomedicine, which relies on the use of nanotechnologies to fight disease, was envisaged to fulfill this coveted goal. Despite substantial progress, the structural complexity of therapeutic vehicles impedes their broad clinical application. Novel modular manufacturing approaches for engineering programmable drug carriers may be able to overcome some fundamental limitations of nanomedicine. We discuss how bottom-up synthetic biology principles, empowered by microfluidics, can palliate current drug carrier assembly limitations, and we demonstrate how such a magic bullet could be engineered from the bottom up to ultimately improve clinical outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lussier
- Department for Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering (IMSE), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Oskar Staufer
- Department for Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering (IMSE), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard's Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilia Platzman
- Department for Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering (IMSE), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard's Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department for Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering (IMSE), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard's Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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19
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Abstract
Hydrogels, swellable hydrophilic polymer networks fabricated through chemical cross-linking or physical entanglement are increasingly utilized in various biomedical applications over the past few decades. Hydrogel-based microparticles, dressings and microneedle patches have been explored to achieve safe, sustained and on-demand therapeutic purposes toward numerous skin pathologies, through incorporation of stimuli-responsive moieties and therapeutic agents. More recently, these platforms are expanded to fulfill the diagnostic and monitoring role. Herein, the development of hydrogel technology to achieve diagnosis and monitoring of pathological skin conditions are highlighted, with proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, and reactive species employed as target biomarkers, among others. The scope of this review includes the characteristics of hydrogel materials, its fabrication procedures, examples of diagnostic studies, as well as discussion pertaining clinical translation of hydrogel systems.
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20
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Malkin EZ, Bratman SV. Bioactive DNA from extracellular vesicles and particles. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:584. [PMID: 32719324 PMCID: PMC7385258 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and particles (EPs) have recently emerged as active carriers of molecular biomarkers and mediators of intercellular communication. While most investigations have focused exclusively on the protein, lipid and RNA constituents of these extracellular entities, EV/EP DNA remains poorly understood, despite DNA being found in association with virtually all EV/EP populations. The functional potential of EV/EP DNA has been proposed in a number of pathological states, including malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Moreover, the effectiveness of cell-free DNA as the biomarker of choice in emerging liquid biopsy applications highlights the role that EV/EP DNA may play as a novel disease biomarker. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of EV/EP DNA studies conducted to date, with a particular focus on the roles of EV/EP DNA as a functional mediator and molecular biomarker in various pathologic states. We also review what is currently known about the origins, structure, localisation and distribution of EV/EP DNA, highlighting current controversies as well as opportunities for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Z Malkin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott V Bratman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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21
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Nicoliche CYN, de Oliveira RAG, da Silva GS, Ferreira LF, Rodrigues IL, Faria RC, Fazzio A, Carrilho E, de Pontes LG, Schleder GR, Lima RS. Converging Multidimensional Sensor and Machine Learning Toward High-Throughput and Biorecognition Element-Free Multidetermination of Extracellular Vesicle Biomarkers. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1864-1871. [PMID: 32597643 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a frontier class of circulating biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of different diseases. These lipid structures afford various biomarkers such as the concentrations of the EVs (CV) themselves and carried proteins (CP). However, simple, high-throughput, and accurate determination of these targets remains a key challenge. Herein, we address the simultaneous monitoring of CV and CP from a single impedance spectrum without using recognizing elements by combining a multidimensional sensor and machine learning models. This multidetermination is essential for diagnostic accuracy because of the heterogeneous composition of EVs and their molecular cargoes both within the tumor itself and among patients. Pencil HB cores acting as electric double-layer capacitors were integrated into a scalable microfluidic device, whereas supervised models provided accurate predictions, even from a small number of training samples. User-friendly measurements were performed with sample-to-answer data processing on a smartphone. This new platform further showed the highest throughput when compared with the techniques described in the literature to quantify EVs biomarkers. Our results shed light on a method with the ability to determine multiple EVs biomarkers in a simple and fast way, providing a promising platform to translate biofluid-based diagnostics into clinical workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Y. N. Nicoliche
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. G. de Oliveira
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Giulia S. da Silva
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Larissa F. Ferreira
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ian L. Rodrigues
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo C. Faria
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Fazzio
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Letícia G. de Pontes
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Gabriel R. Schleder
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Renato S. Lima
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
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22
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Lim CZJ, Natalia A, Sundah NR, Shao H. Biomarker Organization in Circulating Extracellular Vesicles: New Applications in Detecting Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900309. [PMID: 32597034 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are heterogeneous disorders characterized by a progressive loss of function and/or death of nerve cells, leading to severe cognitive and functional decline. Due to the complex pathology, early detection and intervention are critical to the development of successful treatments; however, current diagnostic approaches are limited to subjective, late-stage clinical findings. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as a promising circulating biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases. Actively released by diverse cells, EVs are nanoscale membrane vesicles. They abound in blood, readily cross the blood-brain barrier, and carry diverse molecular cargoes in different organizational states: these molecular cargoes are inherited from the parent cells or bound to the EV membrane through surface associations. Specifically, EVs have been found to be associated with several important pathogenic proteins of neurodegenerative diseases, and their involvement could alter disease progression. This article provides an overview of EVs as circulating biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases and introduces new technological advances to characterize the biophysical properties of EV-associated biomarkers for accurate, blood-based detection of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Z J Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Auginia Natalia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Noah R Sundah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Huilin Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
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23
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Li CJ, Fang QH, Liu ML, Lin JN. Current understanding of the role of Adipose-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Metabolic Homeostasis and Diseases: Communication from the distance between cells/tissues. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:7422-7435. [PMID: 32642003 PMCID: PMC7330853 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies, are small membrane vesicular structures that are released during cell activation, senescence, or programmed cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. EVs serve as novel mediators for long-distance cell-to-cell communications and can transfer various bioactive molecules, such as encapsulated cytokines and genetic information from their parental cells to distant target cells. In the context of obesity, adipocyte-derived EVs are implicated in metabolic homeostasis serving as novel adipokines. In particular, EVs released from brown adipose tissue or adipose-derived stem cells may help control the remolding of white adipose tissue towards browning and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Interestingly, EVs may even serve as mediators for the transmission of metabolic dysfunction across generations. Also, EVs have been recognized as novel modulators in various metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review, we summarize the latest progress from basic and translational studies regarding the novel effects of EVs on metabolic diseases. We also discuss EV-mediated cross-talk between adipose tissue and other organs/tissues that are relevant to obesity and metabolic diseases, as well as the relevant mechanisms, providing insight into the development of new therapeutic strategies in obesity and metabolic diseases.
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24
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Wu X, Zhao H, Natalia A, Lim CZJ, Ho NRY, Ong CAJ, Teo MCC, So JBY, Shao H. Exosome-templated nanoplasmonics for multiparametric molecular profiling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba2556. [PMID: 32494726 PMCID: PMC7202874 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles distinguished by characteristic biophysical and biomolecular features; current analytical approaches, however, remain univariate. Here, we develop a dedicated platform for multiparametric exosome analysis-through simultaneous biophysical and biomolecular evaluation of the same vesicles-directly in clinical biofluids. Termed templated plasmonics for exosomes, the technology leverages in situ growth of gold nanoshells on vesicles to achieve multiselectivity. For biophysical selectivity, the nanoshell formation is templated by and tuned to distinguish exosome dimensions. For biomolecular selectivity, the nanoshell plasmonics locally quenches fluorescent probes only if they are target-bound on the same vesicle. The technology thus achieves multiplexed analysis of diverse exosomal biomarkers (e.g., proteins and microRNAs) but remains unresponsive to nonvesicle biomarkers. When implemented on a microfluidic, smartphone-based sensor, the platform is rapid, sensitive, and wash-free. It not only distinguished biomarker organizational states in native clinical samples but also showed that the exosomal subpopulation could more accurately differentiate patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Wu
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Auginia Natalia
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Carine Z J Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Nicholas R Y Ho
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Chin-Ann J Ong
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Melissa C C Teo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Jimmy B Y So
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Huilin Shao
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Martín-Gracia B, Martín-Barreiro A, Cuestas-Ayllón C, Grazú V, Line A, Llorente A, M. de la Fuente J, Moros M. Nanoparticle-based biosensors for detection of extracellular vesicles in liquid biopsies. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6710-6738. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00861c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Selecting the appropriate nanoparticle, functionalization chemistry and sensing methodology can speed up the translation of liquid biopsies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martín-Gracia
- Aragón Materials Science Institute (ICMA)
- CSIC/University of Zaragoza
- Zaragoza
- Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering
| | - Alba Martín-Barreiro
- Aragón Materials Science Institute (ICMA)
- CSIC/University of Zaragoza
- Zaragoza
- Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering
| | | | - Valeria Grazú
- Aragón Materials Science Institute (ICMA)
- CSIC/University of Zaragoza
- Zaragoza
- Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering
| | - Aija Line
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre
- Riga
- Latvia
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- Oslo University Hospital
- Oslo
- Norway
| | - Jesús M. de la Fuente
- Aragón Materials Science Institute (ICMA)
- CSIC/University of Zaragoza
- Zaragoza
- Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering
| | - María Moros
- Aragón Materials Science Institute (ICMA)
- CSIC/University of Zaragoza
- Zaragoza
- Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering
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