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Zhang C, Xu Q, Fu J, Wu L, Li Y, Lu Y, Shi Y, Sun H, Li X, Wang L, Hong B. Engineering Streptomyces sp. CPCC 204095 for the targeted high-level production of isatropolone A by elucidating its pathway-specific regulatory mechanism. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:113. [PMID: 38622698 PMCID: PMC11020959 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isatropolone A and C, produced by Streptomyces sp. CPCC 204095, belong to an unusual class of non-benzenoid aromatic compounds and contain a rare seven-membered ring structure. Isatropolone A exhibits potent activity against Leishmania donovani, comparable to the only oral drug miltefosine. However, its variably low productivity represents a limitation for this lead compound in the future development of new anti-leishmaniasis drugs to meet unmet clinical needs. RESULTS Here we first elucidated the regulatory cascade of biosynthesis of isatropolones, which consists of two SARP family regulators, IsaF and IsaJ. Through a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments, IsaF was identified as a pathway-specific activator that orchestrates the transcription of the gene cluster essential for isatropolone biosynthesis. Interestingly, IsaJ was found to only upregulate the expression of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase IsaS, which is crucial for the yield and proportion of isatropolone A and C. Through targeted gene deletions of isaJ or isaS, we effectively impeded the conversion of isatropolone A to C. Concurrently, the facilitation of isaF overexpression governed by selected promoters, prompted the comprehensive activation of the production of isatropolone A. Furthermore, meticulous optimization of the fermentation parameters was conducted. These strategies culminated in the attainment of an unprecedented maximum yield-980.8 mg/L of isatropolone A-achieved in small-scale solid-state fermentation utilizing the genetically modified strains, thereby establishing the highest reported titer to date. CONCLUSION In Streptomyces sp. CPCC 204095, the production of isatropolone A and C is modulated by the SARP regulators IsaF and IsaJ. IsaF serves as a master pathway-specific regulator for the production of isatropolones. IsaJ, on the other hand, only dictates the transcription of IsaS, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of isatropolone A and C. By engineering the expression of these pivotal genes, we have devised a strategy for genetic modification aimed at the selective and high-yield biosynthesis of isatropolone A. This study not only unveils the unique regulatory mechanisms governing isatropolone biosynthesis for the first time, but also establishes an essential engineering framework for the targeted high-level production of isatropolone A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jie Fu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Linzhuan Wu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yihong Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hongmin Sun
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Lifei Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Bin Hong
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Jiao M, He W, Ouyang Z, Qin Q, Guo Y, Zhang J, Bai Y, Guo X, Yu Q, She J, Hwang PM, Zheng F, Wen Y. Mechanistic and structural insights into the bifunctional enzyme PaaY from Acinetobacter baumannii. Structure 2023; 31:935-947.e4. [PMID: 37329879 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PaaY is a thioesterase that enables toxic metabolites to be degraded through the bacterial phenylacetic acid (PA) pathway. The Acinetobacter baumannii gene FQU82_01591 encodes PaaY, which we demonstrate to possess γ-carbonic anhydrase activity in addition to thioesterase activity. The crystal structure of AbPaaY in complex with bicarbonate reveals a homotrimer with a canonical γ-carbonic anhydrase active site. Thioesterase activity assays demonstrate a preference for lauroyl-CoA as a substrate. The AbPaaY trimer structure shows a unique domain-swapped C-termini, which increases the stability of the enzyme in vitro and decreases its susceptibility to proteolysis in vivo. The domain-swapped C-termini impact thioesterase substrate specificity and enzyme efficacy without affecting carbonic anhydrase activity. AbPaaY knockout reduced the growth of Acinetobacter in media containing PA, decreased biofilm formation, and impaired hydrogen peroxide resistance. Collectively, AbPaaY is a bifunctional enzyme that plays a key role in the metabolism, growth, and stress response mechanisms of A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiao
- Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wenbo He
- Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhenlin Ouyang
- Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qian Qin
- Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yucheng Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yixin Bai
- Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaolong Guo
- Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qinyue Yu
- Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Junjun She
- Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Peter M Hwang
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Fang Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yurong Wen
- Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Matulis P, Malys N. Nanomolar biosensor for detection of phenylacetic acid and L-phenylalanine. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Jiao M, He W, Ouyang Z, Shi Q, Wen Y. Progress in structural and functional study of the bacterial phenylacetic acid catabolic pathway, its role in pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:964019. [PMID: 36160191 PMCID: PMC9493321 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.964019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylacetic acid (PAA) is a central intermediate metabolite involved in bacterial degradation of aromatic components. The bacterial PAA pathway mainly contains 12 enzymes and a transcriptional regulator, which are involved in biofilm formation and antimicrobial activity. They are present in approximately 16% of the sequenced bacterial genome. In this review, we have summarized the PAA distribution in microbes, recent structural and functional study progress of the enzyme families of the bacterial PAA pathway, and their role in bacterial pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. The enzymes of the bacterial PAA pathway have shown potential as an antimicrobial drug target for biotechnological applications in metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenbo He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhenlin Ouyang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qindong Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yurong Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Wang S, Feng T, Wang Y, Qiu Y. Recent Advances in Electrocarboxylation with CO2. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200543. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Wang
- China University of Mining and Technology School of Chemical Engineering & Technology CHINA
| | - Tian Feng
- Nankai University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Nankai University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Youai Qiu
- Nankai University College of Chemistry 94 Weijin Road 300071 Tianjin CHINA
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Duan Y, Petzold M, Saleem‐Batcha R, Teufel R. Bacterial Tropone Natural Products and Derivatives: Overview of their Biosynthesis, Bioactivities, Ecological Role and Biotechnological Potential. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2384-2407. [PMID: 32239689 PMCID: PMC7497051 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Tropone natural products are non-benzene aromatic compounds of significant ecological and pharmaceutical interest. Herein, we highlight current knowledge on bacterial tropones and their derivatives such as tropolones, tropodithietic acid, and roseobacticides. Their unusual biosynthesis depends on a universal CoA-bound precursor featuring a seven-membered carbon ring as backbone, which is generated by a side reaction of the phenylacetic acid catabolic pathway. Enzymes encoded by separate gene clusters then further modify this key intermediate by oxidation, CoA-release, or incorporation of sulfur among other reactions. Tropones play important roles in the terrestrial and marine environment where they act as antibiotics, algaecides, or quorum sensing signals, while their bacterial producers are often involved in symbiotic interactions with plants and marine invertebrates (e. g., algae, corals, sponges, or mollusks). Because of their potent bioactivities and of slowly developing bacterial resistance, tropones and their derivatives hold great promise for biomedical or biotechnological applications, for instance as antibiotics in (shell)fish aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Duan
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Freiburg79104FreiburgGermany
| | - Melanie Petzold
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Freiburg79104FreiburgGermany
| | | | - Robin Teufel
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Freiburg79104FreiburgGermany
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