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Zhang Z, Chen Q, Wang Y, Li G, Gao Q, Liu L, Yang J, Pan X, Chi F, Shui L. A Novel Surface Modification on Core-Shell Yellow Particles for Electrophoretic Display. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14051063. [PMID: 37241686 DOI: 10.3390/mi14051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis of yellow-charged particles with a core-shell structure by modifying yellow pigment 181 particles using an ionic liquid under the sol-gel and grafting methods. The core-shell particles were characterized using various methods, including energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, colorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and others. The changes in zeta potential and particle size before and after modification were also measured. The results demonstrate that the surface of the PY181 particles was successfully coated with SiO2 microspheres, resulting in weak color change but increased brightness. The shell layer also caused an increase in the particle size. Moreover, the modified yellow particles exhibited apparent electrophoretic response, indicating improved electrophoretic properties. The core-shell structure significantly enhanced the performance of organic yellow pigment PY181, making this method a practical modification approach. This method provides a novel way of improving the electrophoretic performance of color pigment particles that are challenging to directly connect with an ionic liquid, leading to the improved electrophoretic mobility of pigment particles. It is suitable for the surface modification of various pigment particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- College of Electron and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Qun Chen
- College of Electron and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Gui Yang Institute of Humanities and Technology, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guanchen Li
- College of Electron and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Qingguo Gao
- College of Electron and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Liming Liu
- College of Electron and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- College of Electron and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Xinjian Pan
- College of Electron and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Feng Chi
- College of Electron and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Lingling Shui
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Fu Q, Yu W, Bao G, Ge J. Electrically responsive photonic crystals with bistable states for low-power electrophoretic color displays. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7007. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractElectrically responsive photonic crystals are promising materials for electrophoretic color displays with better brightness and color saturation. However, electric field must always be applied to maintain the specific colors, which brings concerns about the power consumption and signal stability and reversibility. Here, we show an electrically responsive photonic crystal with two stable states at 0 V, which are the colored state or the colorless state with ordered or disordered particle arrangement. The color state can be reversibly switched by applying a short-time electrical field, just like in the case of commercial electrophoretic ink. With optimized recipe and electric field, the photonic crystals encapsulated in the prototype display panel are proved to have potentials in high resolution, multi-color, and greyscale display, which lays down a firm basis for reflective displays with low power consumption and good visibility.
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Chen Q, Gao Q, Liu L, Yang J, Pan X, Miao Y, Chi F. Application of High Potential Electrophoretic Particles Modified with High Ionization Mono Ionic Liquid for Electrophoretic Displays. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081235. [PMID: 36014156 PMCID: PMC9413381 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The electrophoretic display (EPD) has attracted widespread attention due to its great visual perception, energy-saving, portability, and bistability. However, the EPD still has many problems in response time, colorization, etc., which limits its practical application. In this paper, novel blue electrophoretic particles were prepared with copper (II) phthalocyanine and high ionization 1-butyl-1-methyl piperidinium bromide mono ionic liquid. It was shown that electrophoretic particles dispersed in a non-polar tetrachloroethylene medium had high Zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility. At the same time, electrophoretic particles showed better dispersion stability. Finally, the prepared blue electrophoretic particles and white titanium dioxide particles were compounded to prepare blue and white dual-color electrophoretic dispersion. An EPD cell was made to test its performance. The results showed that the prepared blue and white dual-color electrophoretic dispersion could realize a reversible response. Piperidine mono ionic liquid increased the surface potential of copper (II) phthalocyanine from +30.50 mV to +60.27 mV, enhancing it by 97.61%. Therefore, we believed that modifying particles with high ionization mono ionic liquid had great applicability to the modification of electrophoretic particles, and blue particles prepared with piperidine mono ionic liquid as a charge control agent (CCA) were excellent candidates for EPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- School of Electronics and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China; (Q.C.); (Q.G.); (L.L.); (J.Y.); (X.P.); (Y.M.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yao Wang
- Gui Yang Institute of Humanities and Technology, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Qun Chen
- School of Electronics and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China; (Q.C.); (Q.G.); (L.L.); (J.Y.); (X.P.); (Y.M.); (F.C.)
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingguo Gao
- School of Electronics and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China; (Q.C.); (Q.G.); (L.L.); (J.Y.); (X.P.); (Y.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Liming Liu
- School of Electronics and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China; (Q.C.); (Q.G.); (L.L.); (J.Y.); (X.P.); (Y.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Jianjun Yang
- School of Electronics and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China; (Q.C.); (Q.G.); (L.L.); (J.Y.); (X.P.); (Y.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Xinjian Pan
- School of Electronics and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China; (Q.C.); (Q.G.); (L.L.); (J.Y.); (X.P.); (Y.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Yu Miao
- School of Electronics and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China; (Q.C.); (Q.G.); (L.L.); (J.Y.); (X.P.); (Y.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Feng Chi
- School of Electronics and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China; (Q.C.); (Q.G.); (L.L.); (J.Y.); (X.P.); (Y.M.); (F.C.)
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A Novel Modification of Copper (II) Phthalocyanine Particles towards Electrophoretic Displays. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13060880. [PMID: 35744495 PMCID: PMC9229134 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Electrophoretic display (EPD) is a popular display technology in recent years. The core of the EPD is electrophoretic particles, and its Zeta potential has an important impact on EPDs. In this work, a method using pyrrolidine mono ionic liquid was proposed to improve the Zeta potential of electrophoretic particles: Copper (II) phthalocyanine pigment was modified with mono ionic liquid 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide. The characterization results show that the mono ionic liquid had been successfully coated on pigment particles. At the same time, the dispersion and stability of particles were improved. The modified Copper (II) phthalocyanine pigment could be stably dispersed in tetrachloroethylene for more than 20 days. The Zeta potential increased from 32.42 mV to 49.91 mV, increasing by 53.95%. Finally, the prepared blue electrophoretic particles were compounded with white titanium dioxide to prepare blue and white dual-color electrophoretic dispersion, and then an EPD cell was designed to test its performance. The results show that the prepared electrophoretic dispersion can realize reversible reciprocating motion. Therefore, because of the unique structure and properties of pyrrolidine mono ionic liquids, the blue nanoparticles prepared with pyrrolidine ionic liquids as charge control agents in this study can be used as excellent candidate materials for EPD.
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Shaparenko NO, Kompan'kov NB, Demidova MG, Bulavchenko AI. Structure and conductivity of AOT solutions in n‐hexadecane‐chloroform mixtures. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1592-1599. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Serment B, Gaudon M, Demourgues A, Noël A, Fleury G, Cloutet E, Hadziioannou G, Brochon C. Cyan Ni 1-x Al 2+2x/3□ x/3O 4 Single-Phase Pigment Synthesis and Modification for Electrophoretic Ink Formulation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:18651-18661. [PMID: 32775867 PMCID: PMC7407545 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyan Ni1-x Al2+2x/3O4 single-phase pigments with various Ni/Al atomic ratios (from 1:2 down to 1:4) have been prepared by a sol-gel route (Pechini) followed by postannealing treatments. Nickel aluminates crystallize in the well-known spinel structure (Fd3m space group), where metals are located at two different Wyckoff positions: 16d (octahedron) and 8a (tetrahedron). Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) Rietveld refinements, Ni2+ cations are shown to be partially located in both tetrahedral and octahedral sites and, in addition, cationic vacancies occupy the Oh environment. In the pure-phase series, Ni/Al = 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, as the Al content increases, the Ni2+ rate in the Td site decreases for Ni/Al = 0.45, thus altering the cyan color; within this series, the most saturated cyan coloration is reached for the highest Al concentration. Inorganic pigment drawbacks are their high density and hydrophilic surface, which induce sedimentation and aggregation in nonpolar media used in electrophoretic inks. Hybrid core-shell particle pigments have been synthesized from cyan pigments using nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) with methyl methacrylate monomer in Isopar G, leading to a dispersion of electrically charged hybrids in apolar media. Surface functionalization of the pigments by n-octyltrimethoxysilane (OTS) and n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTS) modifiers has been compared. The inorganic pigments are successfully encapsulated by organic shells to allow a strong decrease in their density. Cyan inks, adequate for their use in e-book readers or other electrophoretic displays, taking further advantage of the high contrast ratio and reflectivity of inorganic pigments in regard to organic dyes, have been stabilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Serment
- CNRS,
Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
- CNRS,
Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33615 Pessac, France
| | - Manuel Gaudon
- CNRS,
Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Alain Demourgues
- CNRS,
Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Amélie Noël
- CNRS,
Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33615 Pessac, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- CNRS,
Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33615 Pessac, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- CNRS,
Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33615 Pessac, France
| | | | - Cyril Brochon
- CNRS,
Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33615 Pessac, France
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Pan Q, Wu W, Liao S, Wang S, Zhao C, Li C, Wu P. Comparison of the detection performance of two different one-step-combined test strips with fluorescent microspheres or colored microspheres as tracers for influenza A and B viruses. Virol J 2019; 16:91. [PMID: 31324259 PMCID: PMC6642511 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza A and B viruses mainly cause respiratory infectious disease. Till now, few tests are able to simultaneously detect both, especially in primary medical establishments. Methods This study was designed to compare the performance of two different one-step-combined test strips for the detection of influenza A and B: one strip with fluorescent microspheres for tracers (FMT); and the other strip with colored microspheres for tracers (CMT). To test the strips, cultures of influenza A, B, and other pathogenic viruses were used, in addition to 1085 clinical specimens from symptomatic patients with respiratory infections. Real-time RT-PCR was also considered as a reference method used to detect the different results of FMT and CTM. Results Detection thresholds for influenza A and B cultures using serial dilutions revealed that the sensitivity of FMT was higher than that of CMT (both P < 0.05). With the culture mixtures of Coxsackie virus (A16), enteric cytopathic human orphan virus (ECHO type30), enterovirus (EV71), rotavirus (LLR strain), and enteric adenovirus (AdV 41), specificity assessment demonstrated that there was no cross reaction during the usage of the two test strips as shown by the results which were negative. In the detection of influenza A in 1085 clinical specimens, the total coincidence rate was 96.7%, the positive coincidence rate was 97.1%, and the negative coincidence rate was 96.7%. In the case of influenza B detection, the total coincidence rate was 99.1%, the positive coincidence rate was 92.6%, and the negative coincidence rate was 98.5%. In addition, with influenza A or B real-time RT-PCR detection method, the results showed that, for influenza A, 26 of the 33 specimens that negative with CMT but positive with FMT, showed positive results, and none of the 3 specimens that positive with CMT but negative with FMT showed a positive result; For influenza B, 12 of the 15 specimens that negative with CMT but positive with FMT, showed positive results, and none of the 5 specimens that positive with CMT but negative with FMT showed a positive result. Conclusions FMT performed better than CMT in the combined detection of influenza A and B viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Pan
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiquan Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuzhen Liao
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Sijie Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunfei Zhao
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ping Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
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Serment B, Corucho L, Demourgues A, Hadziioannou G, Brochon C, Cloutet E, Gaudon M. Tailoring the Chemical Composition of LiMPO4 (M = Mg, Co, Ni) Orthophosphates To Design New Inorganic Pigments from Magenta to Yellow Hue. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7499-7510. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Serment
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux, UMR 5026, CNRS, 87 Avenue du Dr. Schweitzer, 33608 Pessac Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629, CNRS, 16 Avenue Pey-Berlan, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Lou Corucho
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux, UMR 5026, CNRS, 87 Avenue du Dr. Schweitzer, 33608 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Alain Demourgues
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux, UMR 5026, CNRS, 87 Avenue du Dr. Schweitzer, 33608 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629, CNRS, 16 Avenue Pey-Berlan, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629, CNRS, 16 Avenue Pey-Berlan, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629, CNRS, 16 Avenue Pey-Berlan, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Manuel Gaudon
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux, UMR 5026, CNRS, 87 Avenue du Dr. Schweitzer, 33608 Pessac Cedex, France
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Evolution of mesoporous TiO2 during fast sol–gel synthesis. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-2999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Saha S, Joachim Loo SC. Application-driven multi-layered particles – The role of polymers in the architectural design of particles. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Meng X, Wen T, Qiang L, Ren J, Tang F. Luminescent electrophoretic particles via miniemulsion polymerization for night-vision electrophoretic displays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:3638-3642. [PMID: 23547950 DOI: 10.1021/am400103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel glowing electrophoretic display (EPD) is achieved by luminescent electrophoretic particles (EPs), which is potentially to improve the situation in which the existing EPDs disable in darkness. To combine both modes of reflective and emissive displays, a trilayer luminescence EP is designed and synthesized via an improved miniemulsion polymerization. The luminescence EP is composed of a pigment core, a polystyrene interlayer, and a fluorescent coating. The particle sizes are from 140 to 170 nm, and the size distribution is narrow. Their ζ potential value is -12.4 mV, which is enough to migrate in the electrophoretic fluid by the driving of an electric field. The display performance of the particles in an EPD cell has been characterized under the bias of 20 V. Both the reflectance (491 nm) and fluorescence (521 nm) intensities of the EPD cell remained in a constant range after 30 switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Meng
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Meng X, Qiang L, Su X, Ren J, Tang F. Synthesis of black magnetic electrophoretic particles for magnetic-electric dual-driven electronic paper. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:622-629. [PMID: 23276159 DOI: 10.1021/am301984u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The application of electronic paper (e-paper) is now propelling the development of the multifunctional e-paper products. There is an extraordinary diversity of basic and applied research in pursuit of the novel e-paper. Here, we report the first achievement of a magnetic-electric dual-driven e-paper, using black magnetic electrophoretic particles (BMEPs). BMEPs are synthesized via a facile, green, low-cost, one-step method. By adjusting the reaction conditions, the density, surface, and magnetic properties of the BMEPs are optimized for e-paper display. Finally, the e-paper display is successfully assembled using dispersion of the BMEPs in a mixed dielectric solvent with white particles as contrast. Thanks to the magnetic properties and a positively charged surface, the BMEPs can be driven by both electric and magnetic fields. The prototype display is fabricated whose switch is achieved by the application of either a bias voltage of 10 V or a magnetic bias. The as-prepared magnetic-electric dual-driven device could have many promising applications in the field of anticounterfeiting labels for secure identification documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Meng
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Yin PP, Wu G, Dai RY, Qin WL, Wang M, Chen HZ. Fine encapsulation of dual-particle electronic ink by incorporating block copolymer for electrophoretic display application. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 388:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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