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Ma B, Shi J, Zhang Y, Li Z, Yong H, Zhou YN, Liu S, A S, Zhou D. Enzymatically Activatable Polymers for Disease Diagnosis and Treatment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2306358. [PMID: 37992728 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The irregular expression or activity of enzymes in the human body leads to various pathological disorders and can therefore be used as an intrinsic trigger for more precise identification of disease foci and controlled release of diagnostics and therapeutics, leading to improved diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and therapeutic efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. Advanced synthesis strategies enable the preparation of polymers with enzymatically activatable skeletons or side chains, while understanding enzymatically responsive mechanisms promotes rational incorporation of activatable units and predictions of the release profile of diagnostics and therapeutics, ultimately leading to promising applications in disease diagnosis and treatment with superior biocompatibility and efficiency. By overcoming the challenges, new opportunities will emerge to inspire researchers to develop more efficient, safer, and clinically reliable enzymatically activatable polymeric carriers as well as prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jiahao Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuhe Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhili Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Haiyang Yong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sigen A
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Dezhong Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Zhu J, Bai Y, Chen X, Hu L, Zhang W, Liu C, Shao H, Sun J, Chen Y. Ultrasensitive detection of β-lactamase-associated drug-resistant bacteria using a novel mass-tagged probe-mediated cascaded signal amplification strategy. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12799-12807. [PMID: 36519064 PMCID: PMC9645384 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01530g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of drug-resistant bacteria (DRB) is a global health threat. Early and accurate detection of DRB is a critical step in the treatment of DRB infection. However, traditional assays for DRB detection are time-consuming and have inferior analytical sensitivity and quantification capability. Herein, a mass-tagged probe (MP-CMSA)-mediated enzyme- and light-assisted cascaded signal amplification strategy was developed for the ultrasensitive detection of β-lactamase (BLA), an enzyme closely associated with most DRB. Each MP-CMSA probe contained multiple poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer molecules immobilized on a streptavidin agarose bead via a BLA-cleavable linker, and each dendrimer was modified with multiple mass tags via a photo-cleavable linker. In BLA detection, BLA could cleave the BLA-cleavable linker, leading to dendrimers shedding from the MP-CMSA probe to achieve enzyme-assisted signal amplification. Then, each dendrimer can further release mass tags under UV light to achieve light-assisted signal amplification. After this cascaded signal amplification, the released mass tags were ultimately quantified by mass spectrometry. Consequently, the sensitivity of BLA detection can be significantly enhanced by four orders of magnitude with a detection limit of 50.0 fM. Finally, this approach was applied to the blood samples from patients with DRB. This platform provides a potential strategy for the sensitive, rapid and quantitative detection of DRB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University 818 Tian Yuan East Road Nanjing 211166 China +86-25-86868467 +86-25-86868326
| | - Yunfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Xiuyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University 818 Tian Yuan East Road Nanjing 211166 China +86-25-86868467 +86-25-86868326
| | - Linlin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China +86-25-83262630 +86-25-83262630
- Office of Clinical Trial Institution, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University 818 Tian Yuan East Road Nanjing 211166 China +86-25-86868467 +86-25-86868326
| | - Chunyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University 818 Tian Yuan East Road Nanjing 211166 China +86-25-86868467 +86-25-86868326
| | - Hua Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China +86-25-83262630 +86-25-83262630
| | - Jianguo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China +86-25-83271176 +86-25-83271176
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University 818 Tian Yuan East Road Nanjing 211166 China +86-25-86868467 +86-25-86868326
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine 210029 China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine Nanjing 211166 China
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Vivo-Llorca G, Morellá-Aucejo Á, García-Fernández A, Díez P, Llopis-Lorente A, Orzáez M, Martínez-Máñez R. Horseradish Peroxidase-Functionalized Gold Nanoconjugates for Breast Cancer Treatment Based on Enzyme Prodrug Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:409-422. [PMID: 35115775 PMCID: PMC8802903 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s323802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer has the highest mortality rate among cancers in women. Patients suffering from certain breast cancers, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), lack effective treatments. This represents a clinical concern due to the associated poor prognosis and high mortality. As an approach to succeed over conventional therapy limitations, we present herein the design and evaluation of a novel nanodevice based on enzyme-functionalized gold nanoparticles to efficiently perform enzyme prodrug therapy (EPT) in breast cancer cells. Results In particular, the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) – which oxidizes the prodrug indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to release toxic oxidative species – is incorporated on gold nanoconjugates (HRP-AuNCs), obtaining an efficient nanoplatform for EPT. The nanodevice is biocompatible and effectively internalized by breast cancer cell lines. Remarkably, co-treatment with HRP-AuNCs and IAA (HRP-AuNCs/IAA) reduces the viability of breast cancer cells below 5%. Interestingly, 3D tumor models (multicellular tumor spheroid-like cultures) co-treated with HRP-AuNCs/IAA exhibit a 74% reduction of cell viability, whereas the free formulated components (HRP, IAA) have no effect. Conclusion Altogether, our results demonstrate that the designed HRP-AuNCs nanoformulation shows a remarkable therapeutic performance. These findings might help to bypass the clinical limitations of current tumor enzyme therapies and advance towards the use of nanoformulations for EPT in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Vivo-Llorca
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, València, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación de Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, València, Spain
| | - Ángela Morellá-Aucejo
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, València, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación de Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, València, Spain
| | - Alba García-Fernández
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, València, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación de Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, València, Spain
- Correspondence: Alba García-Fernández; Ramón Martínez-Máñez Email ;
| | - Paula Díez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, València, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación de Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, València, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y sensores, Universitat Politènica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe, Valènica, Spain
| | - Antoni Llopis-Lorente
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, València, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mar Orzáez
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación de Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, València, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Laboratorio de Péptidos y Proteínas, València, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, València, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación de Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, València, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y sensores, Universitat Politènica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe, Valènica, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
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Pereira P, Serra AC, Coelho JF. Vinyl Polymer-based technologies towards the efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Li M, Blum NT, Wu J, Lin J, Huang P. Weaving Enzymes with Polymeric Shells for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008438. [PMID: 34197008 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme therapeutics have received increasing attention due to their high biological specificity, outstanding catalytic efficiency, and impressive therapeutic outcomes. Protecting and delivering enzymes into target cells while retaining enzyme catalytic efficiency is a big challenge. Wrapping of enzymes with rational designed polymer shells, rather than trapping them into large nanoparticles such as liposomes, have been widely explored because they can protect the folded state of the enzyme and make post-functionalization easier. In this review, the methods for wrapping up enzymes with protective polymer shells are mainly focused on. It is aimed to provide a toolbox for the rational design of polymeric enzymes by introducing methods for the preparation of polymeric enzymes including physical adsorption and chemical conjugation with specific examples of these conjugates/hybrid applications. Finally, a conclusion is drawn and key points are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Nicholas Thomas Blum
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiayingzi Wu
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Zhang Z, Jones MM, Sabatini C, Vanyo ST, Yang M, Kumar A, Jiang Y, Swihart MT, Visser MB, Cheng C. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of polymer-antibiotic conjugates incorporated into a resin-based dental adhesive. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2043-2052. [PMID: 33464241 PMCID: PMC7990707 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01910k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on polymer-antibiotic conjugates (PACs) as additives to resin-based restorative dental materials as a new strategy to convey sustained antibacterial character to these materials. Such antibacterial performance is expected to improve their longevity in the oral cavity. Using the previously reported ciprofloxacin (Cip)-based PAC as a control, a penicillin V (PV)-based PAC was investigated. The monomer-antibiotic conjugate (MAC) containing a methacrylate monomer group and a PV moiety was prepared via nucleophilic substitution between 2-chloroethyl methacrylate (CEMA) and penicillin V potassium (PVK). The PV-based PAC was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of the MAC with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and further characterized by 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis. Antibiotic resistance was investigated by passaging bacteria in low concentrations of the antibiotic for 19 days, followed by a 48 h challenge at higher concentrations. Our results suggest that the development of antibiotic resistance is unlikely. Zone of inhibition (ZOI) assays revealed no clearing zones around PV-containing resins indicating minimal antibiotic leakage from the material. Similarly, MTT assay demonstrated that the antibiotic-containing specimens did not release cytotoxic byproducts that may inhibit human gingival fibroblast growth. Counting of colony-forming units in an S. mutans biofilm model was used to assess bacterial survival at baseline and after subjecting the antibiotic-containing resin specimens to an enzymatic challenge for 30 days. Significantly reduced bacterial counts were observed as the biofilm aged from 24 to 72 h, and salivary enzymatic exposure did not reduce the antibacterial efficacy of the discs, suggesting that PV-resin will be effective in reducing the re-incidence of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA.
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Alaneed R, Hauenschild T, Mäder K, Pietzsch M, Kressler J. Conjugation of Amine-Functionalized Polyesters With Dimethylcasein Using Microbial Transglutaminase. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:981-991. [PMID: 31682828 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates have been used as therapeutics because they exhibit frequently higher stability, prolonged in vivo half-life, and lower immunogenicity compared with native proteins. The first part of this report describes the enzymatic synthesis of poly(glycerol adipate) (PGA(M)) by transesterification between glycerol and dimethyl adipate using lipase B from Candida antarctica. PGA(M) is a hydrophilic, biodegradable but water insoluble polyester. By acylation, PGA(M) is modified with 6-(Fmoc-amino)hexanoic acid and with hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) side chains (mPEG12) rendering the polymer highly water soluble. This is followed by the removal of protecting groups, fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl, to generate polyester with primary amine groups, namely PGA(M)-g-NH2-g-mPEG12. 1H NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography have been used to determine the chemical structure and polydispersity index of PGA(M) before and after modification. In the second part, we discuss the microbial transglutaminase-mediated conjugation of the model protein dimethylcasein with PGA(M)-g-NH2-g-mPEG12 under mild reaction conditions. SDS-PAGE proves the protein-polyester conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Alaneed
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Till Hauenschild
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Markus Pietzsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Jörg Kressler
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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Dheer D, Nicolas J, Shankar R. Cathepsin-sensitive nanoscale drug delivery systems for cancer therapy and other diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 151-152:130-151. [PMID: 30690054 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsins are an important category of enzymes that have attracted great attention for the delivery of drugs to improve the therapeutic outcome of a broad range of nanoscale drug delivery systems. These proteases can be utilized for instance through actuation of polymer-drug conjugates (e.g., triggering the drug release) to bypass limitations of many drug candidates. A substantial amount of work has been witnessed in the design and the evaluation of Cathepsin-sensitive drug delivery systems, especially based on the tetra-peptide sequence (Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly, GFLG) which has been extensively used as a spacer that can be cleaved in the presence of Cathepsin B. This Review Article will give an in-depth overview of the design and the biological evaluation of Cathepsin-sensitive drug delivery systems and their application in different pathologies including cancer before discussing Cathepsin B-cleavable prodrugs under clinical trials.
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Zhang R, Jones MM, Moussa H, Keskar M, Huo N, Zhang Z, Visser MB, Sabatini C, Swihart MT, Cheng C. Polymer–antibiotic conjugates as antibacterial additives in dental resins. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:287-295. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01228h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dental resins containing polymer–antibiotic conjugates (PACs) demonstrate significant antibacterial properties.
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10
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Nishimura T, Akiyoshi K. Biotransporting Biocatalytic Reactors toward Therapeutic Nanofactories. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800801. [PMID: 30479925 PMCID: PMC6247036 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Drug-delivery systems (DDSs), in which drug encapsulation in nanoparticles enables targeted delivery of therapeutic agents and their release at specific disease sites, are important because they improve drug efficacy and help to decrease side effects. Although significant progress has been made in the development of DDSs for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, new approaches that increase the scope and effectiveness of such systems are still needed. Concepts such as nanoreactors and nanofactories are therefore attracting much attention. Nanoreactors, which basically consist of vesicle-encapsulated enzymes, provide prodrug conversion to therapeutic agents rather than simple drug delivery. Nanofactories are an extension of this concept and combine the features of nanoreactors and delivery carriers. Here, the required features of nanofactories are discussed and an overview of current strategies for the design and fabrication of different types of nanoreactors, i.e., systems based on lipid or polymer vesicles, capsules, mesoporous silica, viral capsids, and hydrogels, and their respective advantages and shortcomings, is provided. In vivo applications of biocatalytic reactors in the treatment of cancer, glaucoma, neuropathic pain, and alcohol intoxication are also discussed. Finally, the prospects for further progress in this important and promising field are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKatsuraNishikyo‐kuKyoto615‐8510Japan
- ERATO Bio‐Nanotransporter ProjectJapan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Kyoto UniversityKatsuraNishikyo‐kuKyoto615‐8530Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKatsuraNishikyo‐kuKyoto615‐8510Japan
- ERATO Bio‐Nanotransporter ProjectJapan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Kyoto UniversityKatsuraNishikyo‐kuKyoto615‐8530Japan
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Rautio J, Meanwell NA, Di L, Hageman MJ. The expanding role of prodrugs in contemporary drug design and development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 17:559-587. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2018.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Scomparin A, Florindo HF, Tiram G, Ferguson EL, Satchi-Fainaro R. Two-step polymer- and liposome-enzyme prodrug therapies for cancer: PDEPT and PELT concepts and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 118:52-64. [PMID: 28916497 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (PDEPT) and polymer enzyme liposome therapy (PELT) are two-step therapies developed to provide anticancer drugs site-selective intratumoral accumulation and release. Nanomedicines, such as polymer-drug conjugates and liposomal drugs, accumulate in the tumor site due to extravasation-dependent mechanism (enhanced permeability and retention - EPR - effect), and further need to cross the cellular membrane and release their payload in the intracellular compartment. The subsequent administration of a polymer-enzyme conjugate able to accumulate in the tumor tissue and to trigger the extracellular release of the active drug showed promising preclinical results. The development of polymer-enzyme, polymer-drug conjugates and liposomal drugs had undergone a vast advancement over the past decades. Several examples of enzyme mimics for in vivo therapy can be found in the literature. Moreover, polymer therapeutics often present an enzyme-sensitive mechanism of drug release. These nanomedicines can thus be optimal substrates for PDEPT and this review aims to provide new insights and stimuli toward the future perspectives of this promising combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Scomparin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Room 607, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Helena F Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Galia Tiram
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Room 607, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Elaine L Ferguson
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Room 607, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Vogus DR, Krishnan V, Mitragotri S. A review on engineering polymer drug conjugates to improve combination chemotherapy. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ferguson EL, Scomparin A, Hailu H, Satchi-Fainaro R. HPMA copolymer-phospholipase C and dextrin-phospholipase A2 as model triggers for polymer enzyme liposome therapy (PELT). J Drug Target 2017; 25:818-828. [PMID: 28728446 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1358726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
'Polymer Enzyme Liposome Therapy' (PELT) is a two-step anticancer approach in which a liposomal drug and polymer-phospholipase conjugate are administered sequentially to target the tumour interstitium by the enhanced permeability and retention effect, and trigger rapid, local, drug release. To date, however, the concept has only been described theoretically. We synthesised two polymer conjugates of phospholipase C (PLC) and A2 (PLA2) and evaluated their ability to trigger anthracycline release from the clinically used liposomes, Caelyx® and DaunoXome®. N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-PLC and a dextrin-PLA2 were synthesised and their enzymatic activity characterised. Doxorubicin release from polyethyleneglycol-coated (PEGylated) Caelyx® was relatively slow (<20%, 60 min), whereas daunomycin was rapidly released from non-PEGylated DaunoXome® (∼87%) by both enzymes. Incubation with dextrin-PLA2 triggered significantly less daunomycin release than HPMA copolymer-PLC, but when dextrin-PLA2 was pre-incubated with α-amylase, the rate of daunomycin release increased. DaunoXome®'s diameter increased in the presence of PLA2, while Caelyx®'s diameter was unaffected by free or conjugated PLA2. Dextrin-PLA2 potentiated the cytotoxicity of DaunoXome® to MCF-7 cells to a greater extent than free PLA2, while combining dextrin-PLA2 with Caelyx® resulted in antagonism, even in the presence of α-amylase, presumably due to steric hindrance by PEG. Our findings suggest that in vivo studies to evaluate PELT combinations should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine L Ferguson
- a Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK.,b Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Anna Scomparin
- c Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Hanna Hailu
- a Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- c Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
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15
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Wang H, Liu JJ, Zhou XL. Targeting assay of a fusion protein applied in enzyme prodrug therapy. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2698-2702. [PMID: 28454453 PMCID: PMC5403369 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth and metastasis are dependent on angiogenesis. The overexpression of integrin αvβ3 on angiogenic vessels and on numerous malignant human tumor cells suggests that these labeled ligands of integrin are potentially suitable for molecular imaging and in targeted therapy of tumors. In previous studies, we added a β-lactamase variant with reduced immunogenicity to the cyclic peptide RGD4C, resulting in the fusion protein RGD4CβL, which is suitable for use in targeted enzyme prodrug therapy (TEPT), a promising treatment for tumors. The targeting of the aforementioned fusion protein serves an important role in TEPT. In the present study, RGD4CβL was labeled with 125I and the targeting effect on integrin-positive tumors was evaluated. The results demonstrated that the 125I-RGD4CβL protein exhibited high levels of accumulation at the tumor site and rapid renal clearance, which revealed the potency and efficiency of RGD4CβL in TEPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Jian Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Liang Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
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16
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Ulbrich K, Holá K, Šubr V, Bakandritsos A, Tuček J, Zbořil R. Targeted Drug Delivery with Polymers and Magnetic Nanoparticles: Covalent and Noncovalent Approaches, Release Control, and Clinical Studies. Chem Rev 2016; 116:5338-431. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1120] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Ulbrich
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Holá
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Šubr
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tuček
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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17
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The Prodrug Approach: A Successful Tool for Improving Drug Solubility. Molecules 2015; 21:42. [PMID: 26729077 PMCID: PMC6273601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodrug design is a widely known molecular modification strategy that aims to optimize the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of drugs to improve their solubility and pharmacokinetic features and decrease their toxicity. A lack of solubility is one of the main obstacles to drug development. This review aims to describe recent advances in the improvement of solubility via the prodrug approach. The main chemical carriers and examples of successful strategies will be discussed, highlighting the advances of this field in the last ten years.
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Blum A, Kammeyer JK, Rush AM, Callmann CE, Hahn ME, Gianneschi NC. Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials for biomedical applications. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2140-54. [PMID: 25474531 PMCID: PMC4353031 DOI: 10.1021/ja510147n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nature employs a variety of tactics to precisely time and execute the processes and mechanics of life, relying on sequential sense and response cascades to transduce signaling events over multiple length and time scales. Many of these tactics, such as the activation of a zymogen, involve the direct manipulation of a material by a stimulus. Similarly, effective therapeutics and diagnostics require the selective and efficient homing of material to specific tissues and biomolecular targets with appropriate temporal resolution. These systems must also avoid undesirable or toxic side effects and evade unwanted removal by endogenous clearing mechanisms. Nanoscale delivery vehicles have been developed to package materials with the hope of delivering them to select locations with rates of accumulation and clearance governed by an interplay between the carrier and its cargo. Many modern approaches to drug delivery have taken inspiration from natural activatable materials like zymogens, membrane proteins, and metabolites, whereby stimuli initiate transformations that are required for cargo release, prodrug activation, or selective transport. This Perspective describes key advances in the field of stimuli-responsive nanomaterials while highlighting some of the many challenges faced and opportunities for development. Major hurdles include the increasing need for powerful new tools and strategies for characterizing the dynamics, morphology, and behavior of advanced delivery systems in situ and the perennial problem of identifying truly specific and useful physical or molecular biomarkers that allow a material to autonomously distinguish diseased from normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela
P. Blum
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jacquelin K. Kammeyer
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anthony M. Rush
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Cassandra E. Callmann
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael E. Hahn
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Radiology, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Wang H, He J, Cao D, Zhang M, Li F, Tam KC, Ni P. Synthesis of an acid-labile polymeric prodrug DOX-acetal-PEG-acetal-DOX with high drug loading content for pH-triggered intracellular drug release. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00569h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PEGylated doxorubicin (DOX) prodrugs with high drug loading content have been prepared via a combination of CuAAC “click” reaction and ammonolysis reaction, which can be used for pH-triggered delivery of doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
| | - Jinlin He
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
| | - Dongling Cao
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
| | - Mingzu Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
| | - Fei Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
| | - Kam Chiu Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Waterloo
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Peihong Ni
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
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20
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Luo D, Carter KA, Lovell JF. Nanomedical engineering: shaping future nanomedicines. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 7:169-88. [PMID: 25377691 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical research in the field of nanomedicine continues to produce a steady stream of new nanoparticles with unique capabilities and complex properties. With improvements come promising treatments for diseases, with the ultimate goal of clinical translation and better patient outcomes compared with current standards of care. Here, we outline engineering considerations for nanomedicines, with respect to design criteria, targeting, and stimuli-triggered drug release strategies. General properties, clinical relevance, and current research advances of various nanomedicines are discussed in light of how these will realize their potential and shape the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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21
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Chester KA, Baker M, Mayer A. Overcoming the immunologic response to foreign enzymes in cancer therapy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 1:549-59. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.1.4.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Lehouritis P, Springer C, Tangney M. Bacterial-directed enzyme prodrug therapy. J Control Release 2013; 170:120-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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23
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Zhang Y, Yin Q, Yin L, Ma L, Tang L, Cheng J. Chain-shattering polymeric therapeutics with on-demand drug-release capability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6435-9. [PMID: 23650111 PMCID: PMC3800742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Design of smart polymeric therapeutics We designed and synthesized trigger-responsive chain-shattering polymeric therapeutics (CSPTs) via condensation polymerization of a UV-or hydrogen peroxide-responsive domain and a bisfunctional drug as co-monomers. CSPTs have precisely controlled molecular composition and unique chain-shattering type of drug release mechanism. Drug release kinetics can be precisely controlled by means of the trigger treatment. Chemotherapeutic-containing CSPTs showed trigger-responsive in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801 (USA), Fax: (+1) 217-333-2736
| | - Qian Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801 (USA), Fax: (+1) 217-333-2736
| | - Lichen Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801 (USA), Fax: (+1) 217-333-2736
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801 (USA), Fax: (+1) 217-333-2736
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801 (USA), Fax: (+1) 217-333-2736
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801 (USA), Fax: (+1) 217-333-2736
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24
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Zhang Y, Yin Q, Yin L, Ma L, Tang L, Cheng J. Chain-Shattering Polymeric Therapeutics with On-Demand Drug-Release Capability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Ravazzolo E, Salmaso S, Mastrotto F, Bersani S, Gallon E, Caliceti P. pH-responsive lipid core micelles for tumour targeting. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Wadajkar AS, Menon JU, Kadapure T, Tran RT, Yang J, Nguyen KT. Design and Application of Magnetic-based Theranostic Nanoparticle Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 6:47-57. [PMID: 23795343 DOI: 10.2174/1874764711306010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, magnetic-based theranostic nanoparticle (MBTN) systems have been studied, researched, and applied extensively to detect and treat various diseases including cancer. Theranostic nanoparticles are advantageous in that the diagnosis and treatment of a disease can be performed in a single setting using combinational strategies of targeting, imaging, and/or therapy. Of these theranostic strategies, magnetic-based systems containing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained popularity because of their unique ability to be used in magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic targeting, hyperthermia, and controlled drug release. To increase their effectiveness, MNPs have been decorated with a wide variety of materials to improve their biocompatibility, carry therapeutic payloads, encapsulate/bind imaging agents, and provide functional groups for conjugation of biomolecules that provide receptor-mediated targeting of the disease. This review summarizes recent patents involving various polymer coatings, imaging agents, therapeutic agents, targeting mechanisms, and applications along with the major requirements and challenges faced in using MBTN for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket S Wadajkar
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 ; Joint Biomedical Engineering Program between The University of Texas at Arlington and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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Zelzer M, Todd SJ, Hirst AR, McDonald TO, Ulijn RV. Enzyme responsive materials: design strategies and future developments. Biomater Sci 2012; 1:11-39. [PMID: 32481995 DOI: 10.1039/c2bm00041e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme responsive materials (ERMs) are a class of stimuli responsive materials with broad application potential in biological settings. This review highlights current and potential future design strategies for ERMs and provides an overview of the present state of the art in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Zelzer
- WestCHEM, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K..
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28
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Lee JS, Groothuis T, Cusan C, Mink D, Feijen J. Lysosomally cleavable peptide-containing polymersomes modified with anti-EGFR antibody for systemic cancer chemotherapy. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9144-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Niculescu-Duvaz D, Negoita-Giras G, Niculescu-Duvaz I, Hedley D, Springer CJ. Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapies. PRODRUGS AND TARGETED DELIVERY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527633166.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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30
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Smith D, Holley AC, McCormick CL. RAFT-synthesized copolymers and conjugates designed for therapeutic delivery of siRNA. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Blencowe CA, Russell AT, Greco F, Hayes W, Thornthwaite DW. Self-immolative linkers in polymeric delivery systems. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00324g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Chiu K, Agoubi LL, Lee I, Limpar MT, Lowe JW, Goh SL. Effects of Polymer Molecular Weight on the Size, Activity, and Stability of PEG-Functionalized Trypsin. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:3688-92. [DOI: 10.1021/bm1006954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, United States
| | - Lauren L. Agoubi
- Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, United States
| | - Iris Lee
- Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, United States
| | - Matthew T. Limpar
- Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, United States
| | - James W. Lowe
- Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, United States
| | - Sarah L. Goh
- Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, United States
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Ofek P, Miller K, Eldar-Boock A, Polyak D, Segal E, Satchi-Fainaro R. Rational Design of Multifunctional Polymer Therapeutics for Cancer Theranostics. Isr J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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35
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Ferguson EL, Richardson SCW, Duncan R. Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Dextrin−Phospholipase A2 and Its Suitability for Use in Combination Therapy. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:510-21. [DOI: 10.1021/mp900232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine L. Ferguson
- Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3XF, U.K
| | - Simon C. W. Richardson
- Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3XF, U.K
| | - Ruth Duncan
- Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3XF, U.K
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Shukla GS, Krag DN. Developing bifunctional beta-lactamase molecules with built-in target-recognizing module for prodrug therapy: identification of Enterobacter Cloacae P99 cephalosporinase loops suitable for randomization and phage-display selection. J Mol Recognit 2010; 22:425-36. [PMID: 19437416 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was focused on developing catalytically active beta-lactamase enzyme molecules that have target-recognizing sites built within their scaffold. Using phage-display approach, nine libraries were constructed by inserting the randomized linear or cysteine-constrained heptapeptides in the five different loops on the outer surface of P99 beta-lactamase molecule. The pIII signal peptide of Sec-pathway was employed for a periplasmic translocation of the beta-lactamase fusion protein, which we found more efficient than the DsbA signal peptide of SRP-pathway. The randomized heptapeptide loops replaced native amino acids between positions (34)Y-(37)K, (238)M-(246)A, (275)N-(280)A, (305)A-(311)S, or (329)I-(334)I of the P99 beta-lactamase molecules for generating the loop-1 to -5 libraries, respectively. The diversity of each loop library was judged by counting the primary and beta-lactamase-active clones. The linear peptide inserts in the loop-2 library showed the maximum number of the beta-lactamase-active clones, followed by the loop-5, loop-3, and loop-4. The insertion of the cysteine-constrained loops exhibited a dramatic loss of the enzyme-active beta-lactamase clones. The complexity of the loop-2 linear library, as determined by the frequency and diversity of amino acid distributions in the randomized region, appears consistent with the standards of other types of phage display library systems. The selection of the loop-2 linear library on streptavidin protein as a test target identified several beta-lactamase clones that specifically bound to streptavidin. In conclusion, this study identified the suitability of the loop-2 of P99 beta-lactamase for constructing a phage-display library of the beta-lactamase enzyme-active molecules that can be selected against a target. This is an enabling step in our long-term goal of developing bifunctional beta-lactamase molecules against cancer-specific targets for enzyme prodrug therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girja S Shukla
- Department of Surgery and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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37
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Liu R, Teo W, Tan S, Feng H, Padmanabhan P, Xing B. Metallic nanoparticles bioassay for Enterobacter cloacae P99 β-lactamase activity and inhibitor screening. Analyst 2010; 135:1031-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b926909f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Combination therapy: opportunities and challenges for polymer-drug conjugates as anticancer nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:1203-13. [PMID: 19699247 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of new molecular targets and the subsequent development of novel anticancer agents are opening new possibilities for drug combination therapy as anticancer treatment. Polymer-drug conjugates are well established for the delivery of a single therapeutic agent, but only in very recent years their use has been extended to the delivery of multi-agent therapy. These early studies revealed the therapeutic potential of this application but raised new challenges (namely, drug loading and drugs ratio, characterisation, and development of suitable carriers) that need to be addressed for a successful optimisation of the system towards clinical applications.
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Segal E, Satchi-Fainaro R. Design and development of polymer conjugates as anti-angiogenic agents. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:1159-76. [PMID: 19699248 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, is one of the central key steps in tumor progression and metastasis. Consequently, it became an important target in cancer therapy, making novel angiogenesis inhibitors a new modality of anticancer agents. Although relative to conventional chemotherapy, anti-angiogenic agents display a safer toxicity profile, the vast majority of these agents are low-molecular-weight compounds exhibiting poor pharmacokinetic profile with short half-life in the bloodstream and high overall clearance rate. The "Polymer Therapeutics" field has significantly improved the therapeutic potential of low-molecular-weight drugs and proteins for cancer treatment. Drugs can be conjugated to polymeric carriers that can be either directly conjugated to targeting proteins or peptides or derivatized with adapters conjugated to a targeting moiety. This approach holds a significant promise for the development of new targeted anti-angiogenic therapies as well as for the optimization of existing anti-angiogenic drugs or polypeptides. Here we overview the innovative approach of targeting tumor angiogenesis using polymer therapeutics.
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Besheer A, Hertel TC, Kressler J, Mäder K, Pietzsch M. Enzymatically catalyzed HES conjugation using microbial transglutaminase: Proof of feasibility. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:4420-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Bar J, Herbst RS, Onn A. Targeted drug delivery strategies to treat lung metastasis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:1003-16. [PMID: 19663628 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903167926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Enhanced cytotoxicity of a polymer–drug conjugate with triple payload of paclitaxel. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:4327-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Barry SE. Challenges in the development of magnetic particles for therapeutic applications. Int J Hyperthermia 2009; 24:451-66. [PMID: 18608583 DOI: 10.1080/02656730802093679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain iron-based particle formulations have useful magnetic properties that, when combined with low toxicity and desirable pharmacokinetics, encourage their development for therapeutic applications. This mini-review begins with background information on magnetic particle use as MRI contrast agents and the influence of material size on pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration. Therapeutic investigations, including (1) the loading of bioactive materials, (2) the use of stationary, high-gradient (HG) magnetic fields to concentrate magnetic particles in tissues or to separate material bound to the particles from the body, and (3) the application of high power alternating magnetic fields (AMF) to generate heat in magnetic particles for hyperthermic therapeutic applications are then surveyed. Attention is directed mainly to cancer treatment, as selective distribution to tumors is well-suited to particulate approaches and has been a focus of most development efforts. While magnetic particles have been explored for several decades, their use in therapeutic products remains minimal; a discussion of future directions and potential ways to better leverage magnetic properties and to integrate their use into therapeutic regimens is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Barry
- Alnis BioSciences, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Pan H, Kopecek J. Multifunctional Water-Soluble Polymers for Drug Delivery. MULTIFUNCTIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL NANOCARRIERS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-76554-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Florent JC, Monneret C. Doxorubicin Conjugates for Selective Delivery to Tumors. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2007; 283:99-140. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2007_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Hwang J, Li RC, Maynard HD. Well-defined polymers with activated ester and protected aldehyde side chains for bio-functionalization. J Control Release 2007; 122:279-86. [PMID: 17599628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymers with reactive side chains and narrow molecular weight distributions were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and the potential to utilize these polymers to prepare drug carriers was demonstrated. p-Nitrophenyl methacrylate (NPMA) and diethoxypropyl methacrylate (DEPMA) were polymerized utilizing cumyl dithiobenzoate (CDB) as the chain transfer agent and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator to high conversions (> or = 86%). The resulting pNPMA and pDEPMA had narrow molecular weight distributions (polydispersity indices < 1.3). The ability to functionalize these polymers was confirmed. For pNPMA, up to 86% of the side chains were substituted with the amino acid, glycine methyl ester. The side chains of pDEPMA were hydrolyzed to aldehydes and reaction with O-benzylhydroxylamine and O-methylhydroxylamine to form stable oxime bond conjugates was demonstrated. The percent substitution depended on the feed ratios. Conjugation of an aminooxy-functionalized RGD peptide was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungyeon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
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York AW, Scales CW, Huang F, McCormick CL. Facile Synthetic Procedure for ω, Primary Amine Functionalization Directly in Water for Subsequent Fluorescent Labeling and Potential Bioconjugation of RAFT-Synthesized (Co)Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:2337-41. [PMID: 17645310 DOI: 10.1021/bm700514q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe a facile method to amine functionalize and subsequently fluorescently label polymethacrylamides synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. RAFT-generated poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide-b-N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] methacrylamide) (poly(HPMA-b-DMAPMA)), a water soluble biocompatible polymer, is first converted to a polymeric thiol and functionalized with a primary amine through a disulfide exchange reaction with cystamine and subsequently reacted with the amine-functionalized fluorescent dye, 6-(fluorescein-5-carboxamido)hexanoic acid, succinimidyl ester (5-SFX). Poly(HPMA258-b-DMAPMA13) (Mn = 39 700 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 1.06), previously synthesized by RAFT polymerization, was used to demonstrate this facile labeling method. The problem with labeling the omega-terminal chain end of a RAFT-synthesized polymethacrylamide is that the reduced end yields a tertiary thiol with low reactivity. The key to labeling poly(HPMA-b-DMAPMA) is to first reduce the dithioester chain end with a strong reducing agent such as NaBH4, and then functionalize the tertiary polymeric thiol with a primary amine through a disulfide exchange reaction with dihydrochloride cystamine. We show that the disulfide exchange reaction is efficient and that the amine-functionalized poly(HPMA-b-DMAPMA) can be easily labeled with the fluorescent dye, 5-SFX. This concept is proven by using a ninhydrin assay to detect primary amines and UV-vis spectroscopy to measure the degree of conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W York
- Department of Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, USA
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48
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Iyer AK, Khaled G, Fang J, Maeda H. Exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention effect for tumor targeting. Drug Discov Today 2007; 11:812-8. [PMID: 16935749 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1241] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2006] [Revised: 05/31/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Of the tumor targeting strategies, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of macromolecules is a key mechanism for solid tumor targeting, and considered a gold standard for novel drug design. In this review, we discuss various endogenous factors that can positively impact the EPR effect in tumor tissues. Further, we discuss ways to augment the EPR effect by use of exogenous agents, as well as practical methods available in the clinical setting. Some innovative examples developed by researchers to combat cancer by the EPR mechanism are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Iyer
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Oncology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 862-0082, Japan
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Abstract
The transfer of polymer-protein conjugates into routine clinical use, and the clinical development of polymer-anticancer-drug conjugates, both as single agents and as components of combination therapy, is establishing polymer therapeutics as one of the first classes of anticancer nanomedicines. There is growing optimism that ever more sophisticated polymer-based vectors will be a significant addition to the armoury currently used for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Duncan
- Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3XF, UK.
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50
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Preparation and characterization of self-assembled nanoparticles based on glycol chitosan bearing adriamycin. Colloid Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-005-1438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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