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Decréau RA, Collman JP. Three toxic gases meet in the mitochondria. Front Physiol 2015; 6:210. [PMID: 26347655 PMCID: PMC4542460 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rationale of the study was two-fold: (i) develop a functional synthetic model of the Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) active site, (ii) use it as a convenient tool to understand or predict the outcome of the reaction of CcO with ligands (physiologically relevant gases and other ligands). At physiological pH and potential, the model catalyzes the 4-electron reduction of oxygen. This model was immobilized on self-assembled-monolayer (SAM) modified electrode. During catalytic oxygen reduction, electron delivery through SAMs is rate limiting, similar to the situation in CcO. This model contains all three redox-active components in CcO's active site, which are required to minimize the production of partially-reduced-oxygen-species (PROS): Fe-heme (“heme a3”) in a myoglobin-like model fitted with a proximal imidazole ligand, and a distal tris-imidazole Copper (“CuB”) complex, where one imidazole is cross-linked to a phenol (mimicking “Tyr244”). This functional CcO model demonstrates how CcO itself might tolerate the hormone NO (which diffuses through the mitochondria). It is proposed that CuB delivers superoxide to NO bound to Fe-heme forming peroxynitrite, then nitrate that diffuses away. Another toxic gas, H2S, has exceptional biological effects: at ~80 ppm, H2S induces a state similar to hibernation in mice, lowering the animal's temperature and slowing respiration. Using our functional CcO model, we have demonstrated that at the same concentration range H2S can reversibly inhibit catalytic oxygen reduction. Such a reversible catalytic process on the model was also demonstrated with an organic compound, tetrazole (TZ). Following studies showed that TZ reversibly inhibits respiration in isolated mitochondria, and induces deactivation of platelets, a mitochondria-rich key component of blood coagulation. Hence, this program is a rare example illustrating the use of a functional model to understand and predict physiologically important reactions at the active site of CcO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Decréau
- Department of Chemistry (ICMUB Institute), University of Burgundy Franche-Comté Dijon, France ; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James P Collman
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
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2
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Fu H, Chen H, Wang J, Zhou G, Zhang H, Zhang L, Gao H. Crp-dependent cytochromebdoxidase confers nitrite resistance toShewanella oneidensis. Environ Microbiol 2013; 15:2198-212. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Fu
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; Zhejiang; 310058; China
| | - Haijiang Chen
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; Zhejiang; 310058; China
| | - Jixuan Wang
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; Zhejiang; 310058; China
| | - Guangqi Zhou
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; Zhejiang; 310058; China
| | | | - Lili Zhang
- College of Life Sciences; Tarim University; Alar; Xinjiang; 843300; China
| | - Haichun Gao
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; Zhejiang; 310058; China
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3
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Yoshioka Y, Mitani M. B3LYP study on reduction mechanisms from O2 to H2O at the catalytic sites of fully reduced and mixed-valence bovine cytochrome c oxidases. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2010; 2010:182804. [PMID: 20396396 PMCID: PMC2852611 DOI: 10.1155/2010/182804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction mechanisms of oxygen molecule to water molecules in the fully reduced (FR) and mixed-valence (MV) bovine cytochrome c oxidases (CcO) have been systematically examined based on the B3LYP calculations. The catalytic cycle using four electrons and four protons has been also shown consistently. The MV CcO catalyses reduction to produce one water molecule, while the FR CcO catalyses to produce two water molecules. One water molecule is added into vacant space between His240 and His290 in the catalytic site. This water molecule constructs the network of hydrogen bonds of Tyr244, farnesyl ethyl, and Thr316 that is a terminal residue of the K-pathway. It plays crucial roles for the proton transfer to the dioxygen to produce the water molecules in both MV and FR CcOs. Tyr244 functions as a relay of the proton transfer from the K-pathway to the added water molecule, not as donors of a proton and an electron to the dioxygen. The reduction mechanisms of MV and FR CcOs are strictly distinguished. In the FR CcO, the Cu atom at the Cu(B) site maintains the reduced state Cu(I) during the process of formation of first water molecule and plays an electron storage. At the final stage of formation of first water molecule, the Cu(I) atom releases an electron to Fe-O. During the process of formation of second water molecule, the Cu atom maintains the oxidized state Cu(II). In contrast with experimental proposals, the K-pathway functions for formation of first water molecule, while the D-pathway functions for second water molecule. The intermediates, P(M), P(R), F, and O, obtained in this work are compared with those proposed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Yoshioka
- Chemistry Department for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Kurima-machiya 1577, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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4
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Yeung N, Lu Y. One heme, diverse functions: using biosynthetic myoglobin models to gain insights into heme-copper oxidases and nitric oxide reductases. Chem Biodivers 2008; 5:1437-1454. [PMID: 18729107 PMCID: PMC2770894 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200890134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Charles and 34th Streets, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Collman JP, Boulatov R, Sunderland CJ, Fu L. Functional Analogues of CytochromecOxidase, Myoglobin, and Hemoglobin. Chem Rev 2004; 104:561-88. [PMID: 14871135 DOI: 10.1021/cr0206059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James P Collman
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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7
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Sigman JA, Kim HK, Zhao X, Carey JR, Lu Y. The role of copper and protons in heme-copper oxidases: kinetic study of an engineered heme-copper center in myoglobin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:3629-34. [PMID: 12655052 PMCID: PMC152973 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0737308100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To probe the role of copper and protons in heme-copper oxidase (HCO), we have performed kinetic studies on an engineered heme-copper center in sperm whale myoglobin (Leu-29 --> HisPhe-43 --> His, called Cu(B)Mb) that closely mimics the heme-copper center in HCO. In the absence of metal ions, the engineered Cu(B) center in Cu(B)Mb decreases the O(2) binding affinity of the heme. However, addition of Ag(I), a redox-inactive mimic of Cu(I), increases the O(2)-binding affinity. More importantly, copper ion in the Cu(B) center is essential for O(2) reduction, as no O(2) reduction can be observed in copper-free, Zn(II), or Ag(I) derivatives of Cu(B)Mb. Instead of producing a ferryl-heme as in HCO, the Cu(B)Mb generates verdoheme because the engineered Cu(B)Mb may lack a hydrogen bonding network that delivers protons to promote the heterolytic OO cleavage necessary for the formation of ferryl-heme. Reaction of oxidized Cu(B)Mb with H(2)O(2), a species equivalent in oxidation state to 2e(-), reduced O(2) but, possessing the extra protons, resulted in ferryl-heme formation, as in HCO. The results showed that the Cu(B) center plays a critical role in O(2) binding and reduction, and that proton delivery during the O(2) reduction is important to avoid heme degradation and to promote the HCO reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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8
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Boulatov R, Collman JP, Shiryaeva IM, Sunderland CJ. Functional analogues of the dioxygen reduction site in cytochrome oxidase: mechanistic aspects and possible effects of Cu(B). J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:11923-35. [PMID: 12358536 DOI: 10.1021/ja026179q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic reduction of O(2) and H(2)O(2) by new synthetic analogues of the heme/Cu site in cytochrome c and ubiquinol oxidases has been studied in aqueous buffers. Among the synthetic porphyrins yet reported, those employed in this study most faithfully mimic the immediate coordination environment of the Fe/Cu core. Under physiologically relevant conditions, these biomimetic catalysts reproduce key aspects of the O(2) and H(2)O(2) chemistry of the enzyme. When deposited on an electrode surface, they catalyze the selective reduction of O(2) to H(2)O at potentials comparable to the midpoint potential of cytochrome c. The pH dependence of the half-wave potentials and other data are consistent with O-O bond activation at these centers proceeding via a slow generation of a formally ferric-hydroperoxo intermediate, followed by its rapid reduction to the level of water. This kinetics is analogous to that proposed for the O-O reduction step at the heme/Cu site. It minimizes the steady-state concentration of the catalytic intermediate whose decomposition would release free H(2)O(2). The maximum catalytic rate constants of O(2) reduction by the ferrous catalyst and of H(2)O(2) reduction by both ferric and ferrous catalysts are comparable to those reported for cytochrome oxidase. The oxidized catalyst also displays catalase activity. Comparison of the catalytic properties of the biomimetic complexes in the FeCu and Cu-free forms indicates that, in the regime of rapid electron flux, Cu does not significantly affect the turnover frequency or the stability of the catalysts, but it suppresses superoxide-releasing autoxidation of an O(2)-catalyst adduct. The distal Cu also accelerates O(2) binding and minimizes O-O bond homolysis in the reduction of H(2)O(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Boulatov
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94309, USA
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9
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Sigman JA, Kwok BC, Lu Y. From Myoglobin to Heme-Copper Oxidase: Design and Engineering of a CuBCenter into Sperm Whale Myoglobin. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0015343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Biogenesis of respiratory cytochromes is defined as consisting of the posttranslational processes that are necessary to assemble apoprotein, heme, and sometimes additional cofactors into mature enzyme complexes with electron transfer functions. Different biochemical reactions take place during maturation: (i) targeting of the apoprotein to or through the cytoplasmic membrane to its subcellular destination; (ii) proteolytic processing of precursor forms; (iii) assembly of subunits in the membrane and oligomerization; (iv) translocation and/or modification of heme and covalent or noncovalent binding to the protein moiety; (v) transport, processing, and incorporation of other cofactors; and (vi) folding and stabilization of the protein. These steps are discussed for the maturation of different oxidoreductase complexes, and they are arranged in a linear pathway to best account for experimental findings from studies concerning cytochrome biogenesis. The example of the best-studied case, i.e., maturation of cytochrome c, appears to consist of a pathway that requires at least nine specific genes and more general cellular functions such as protein secretion or the control of the redox state in the periplasm. Covalent attachment of heme appears to be enzyme catalyzed and takes place in the periplasm after translocation of the precursor through the membrane. The genetic characterization and the putative biochemical functions of cytochrome c-specific maturation proteins suggest that they may be organized in a membrane-bound maturase complex. Formation of the multisubunit cytochrome bc, complex and several terminal oxidases of the bo3, bd, aa3, and cbb3 types is discussed in detail, and models for linear maturation pathways are proposed wherever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Thöny-Meyer
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH Zentrum, Zürich, Switzerland.
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11
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Gohlke U, Warne A, Saraste M. Projection structure of the cytochrome bo ubiquinol oxidase from Escherichia coli at 6 A resolution. EMBO J 1997; 16:1181-8. [PMID: 9135135 PMCID: PMC1169717 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/16.6.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The haem-copper cytochrome oxidases are terminal catalysts of the respiratory chains in aerobic organisms. These integral membrane protein complexes catalyse the reduction of molecular oxygen to water and utilize the free energy of this reaction to generate a transmembrane proton gradient. Quinol oxidase complexes such as the Escherichia coli cytochrome bo belong to this superfamily. To elucidate the similarities as well as differences between ubiquinol and cytochrome c oxidases, we have analysed two-dimensional crystals of cytochrome bo by cryo-electron microscopy. The crystals diffract beyond 5 A. A projection map was calculated to a resolution of 6 A. All four subunits can be identified and single alpha-helices are resolved within the density for the protein complex. The comparison with the three-dimensional structure of cytochrome c oxidase shows the clear structural similarity within the common functional core surrounding the metal-binding sites in subunit I. It also indicates subtle differences which are due to the distinct subunit composition. This study can be extended to a three-dimensional structure analysis of the quinol oxidase complex by electron image processing of tilted crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Gohlke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Biological Structures Programme, Germany
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Saiki K, Nakamura H, Mogi T, Anraku Y. Probing a role of subunit IV of the Escherichia coli bo-type ubiquinol oxidase by deletion and cross-linking analyses. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:15336-40. [PMID: 8663126 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.26.15336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Subunit IV of the Escherichia coli bo-type ubiquinol oxidase is a 12-kDa membrane protein encoded by the cyoD gene and is conserved in the bacterial heme-copper terminal oxidases. To probe the functional role of subunit IV, we carried out deletion analysis and chemical cross-linking experiments with a homobifunctional and cleavable reagent. Spectroscopic properties of the mutant oxidases suggest that the C-terminal two-third (Val45 to His109) containing helices II and III is essential for the functional expression of the oxidase complex and for the CuB binding to the heme-copper binuclear center in subunit I. Cross-linking studies indicate that subunit IV is in close vicinity to subunit III. Based on these observations, we propose that subunit IV is present in a cleft formed by subunits I and III and assists the CuB binding to subunit I during biosynthesis or assembly of the oxidase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saiki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
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13
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Varotsis C, Kreszowski DH, Babcock GT. Cytochromeo3 hemepocket relaxation subsequent to carbon monoxide photolysis from fully reduced and mixed valence cytochromebo3 oxidase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6343(1996)2:5<331::aid-bspy6>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Iwasaki T, Matsuura K, Oshima T. Resolution of the aerobic respiratory system of the thermoacidophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus sp. strain 7. I. The archaeal terminal oxidase supercomplex is a functional fusion of respiratory complexes III and IV with no c-type cytochromes. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:30881-92. [PMID: 8537342 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.52.30881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aerobic respiratory system of the thermoacidophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus sp. strain 7, is unusual in that it consists of only a- and b-type cytochromes but no c-type cytochromes. In previous studies, a novel cytochrome oxidase a583-aa3 subcomplex has been purified, which showed a ferrocytochrome c oxidase but no caldariellaquinol oxidase activity (Wakagi, T., Yamauchi, T., Oshima, T., Müller, M., Azzi, A., and Sone, N. (1989) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 165, 1110-1114). We show here that the cytochrome subcomplex could be copurified with a non-CO-reactive cytochrome b562 as a novel terminal oxidase "supercomplex," which also contained a Rieske-type FeS cluster at gy = 1.89. It contained one copper and all four heme centers detectable in the archaeal membranes by the low temperature spectrophotometry and the potentiometric titration: cytochromes b562 (+146 mV), a583 (+270 mV), and aa3 (+117 and +325 mV). The presence of one copper atom indicates that it contains the conventional heme a3-CuB binuclear center for reducing molecular oxygen. In conjunction with the presence of a Rieske-type FeS center, inhibitor studies suggest that the terminal oxidase segment of the respiratory chain of Sulfolobus sp. strain 7 is a functional fusion of respiratory complexes III and IV, where cytochrome b562 and the Rieske-type FeS center probably play a central role in the oxidation of caldariellaquinol. This archaeal terminal oxidase supercomplex reconstitutes the in vitro succinate oxidase respiratory chain for the first time together with caldariellaquinone and the purified cognate succinate:caldariellaquinone oxidoreductase complex. The reconstitution system requires caldariellaquinone for the activity, and is highly sensitive to cyanide and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline-N-oxide. These results are also discussed in terms of the evolutionary considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Iwasaki
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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15
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Meunier B, Colson AM, Rich PR. The topology of CuA in relation to the other metal centres in cytochrome-c oxidase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as determined by analysis of second-site reversions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1995; 1253:13-5. [PMID: 7492593 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(95)92373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Second-site revertants were selected from a respiratory-deficient mutant carrying the mutation D369N located in a loop between helices IX and X close to H376 and H378, the proposed ligands of haem a3 and haem a, respectively. A reversion was observed in subunit II, in the vicinity of the CuA ligands. This same reversion compensates the subunit I deficiency mutation, S140L, assumed to be near H62, the second putative histidine ligand to haem a. These data enable us to propose a three-dimensional topology in which CuA in subunit II is located on top of the Positive-side of subunit I and in proximity to all three of its metal centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Meunier
- Glynn Research Institute, Bodmin, Cornwall, UK
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- O Einarsdóttir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz 95064, USA
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17
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Svensson M, Hallén S, Thomas JW, Lemieux LJ, Gennis RB, Nilsson T. Oxygen reaction and proton uptake in helix VIII mutants of cytochrome bo3. Biochemistry 1995; 34:5252-8. [PMID: 7711046 DOI: 10.1021/bi00015a040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen reaction of wild-type and helix VIII mutants of cytochrome bo3 from Escherichia coli, and the associated proton uptake during this reaction, has been studied using flash photolysis of the CO complex of the reduced protein after rapid mixing with oxygen. We have focused on mutations in the transmembrane helix VIII where protonatable residues have been exchanged, and mainly on the inactive mutants (i.e., T352A, T359A, and K362L, -M, and -Q). The kinetics for electron transfer during oxidation for the mutants are similar to the wild-type; two rate constants of 3.2 x 10(4) and 3.4 x 10(3) s-1 (at 1 mM oxygen) are detected. Proton uptake is observed for wild-type as well as for the mutant enzymes, but the mutations within helix VIII have affected the rate of proton uptake; it is significantly accelerated in the mutants. These results show that none of the protonatable residues in helix VIII are required in the reaction between the fully reduced cytochrome bo3 and oxygen. We have also studied electron redistribution after photolysis of CO from the mixed-valence compound; we found three kinetic components for wild-type and the mutants T352A and T359A, but for K362M only the first and third components are observed, with amplitudes that are lower than those for the corresponding components in the wild-type enzyme, suggesting that the characteristics of internal electron transfer in the K362M mutant are different from those of the wild-type enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Svensson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Göteborg University, Sweden
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18
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Molecular structure of redox metal centers of the cytochrome bo complex from Escherichia coli. Spectroscopic characterizations of the subunit I histidine mutant oxidases. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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19
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García-Horsman JA, Barquera B, Rumbley J, Ma J, Gennis RB. The superfamily of heme-copper respiratory oxidases. J Bacteriol 1994; 176:5587-600. [PMID: 8083153 PMCID: PMC196760 DOI: 10.1128/jb.176.18.5587-5600.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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20
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Meunier B, Colson AM. Random deficiency mutations and reversions in the cytochrome c oxidase subunits I, II and III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1187:112-5. [PMID: 8075102 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Meunier
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Laboratoire de Génétique Microbienne, Belgium
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21
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Lübben M, Arnaud S, Castresana J, Warne A, Albracht SP, Saraste M. A second terminal oxidase in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1994; 224:151-9. [PMID: 8076636 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb20006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that the soxABCD operon encodes a quinol oxidase complex in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and this enzyme was purified and characterized. In this study, we have used a cloning procedure based on the conservation of oxidase sequences and the polymerase chain reaction to isolate a new gene (soxM) encoding a subunit of another terminal oxidase. This terminal oxidase is a fusion between two central components of cytochrome oxidases, subunits I and III. soxM forms a transcriptional unit which is expressed under heterotrophic growth conditions. The corresponding protein was detected by direct protein sequencing in a preparation enriched with a cytochrome absorbing light at 562 nm. This preparation contains a terminal oxidase which is able to oxidize the artificial substrate N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine. This preparation also contains SoxC, a protein homologous to the mitochondrial cytochrome b, and a Rieske iron-sulphur center. We suggest that SoxM is the core component of a second terminal oxidase complex and that this complex may share a subunit (SoxC) with the SoxABCD complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lübben
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Lübben M, Warne A, Albracht SP, Saraste M. The purified SoxABCD quinol oxidase complex of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius contains a novel haem. Mol Microbiol 1994; 13:327-35. [PMID: 7984110 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A respiratory quinol oxidase complex that is encoded by the soxABCD operon has been purified from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. The enzyme was solubilized with dodecyl maltoside and purified in the presence of this detergent and ethylene glycol. The complex is hydrodynamically homogeneous and contains at least five different polypeptides. In addition to the major subunits SoxA, SoxB and SoxC, it has two small polypeptides. One of these is the translation product of a short open reading frame (now called the soxD gene) at the end of the operon. The optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of the SoxABCD complex have been characterized. It probably contains four A-type haems which are bound to SoxB and SoxC. The structure of these haems is not identical to haem A. The novel haem As has a 2-hydroxyethyl geranylgeranyl in position 2 of the porphyrin ring whereas haem A has the related farnesyl-containing side-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lübben
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Abstract
The cytochrome bc complex which is encoded by the fixNOPQ operon in Bradyrhizobium japonicum, is the most distant member of the haem-copper cytochrome oxidase family. We have found that its major subunit, FixN, is homologous to the NorB subunit of nitric oxide reductase in a purple bacterium. A second evolutionary link between cytochrome oxidases and denitrification enzymes is the presence of a similar binuclear copper site in cytochrome aa3 (the mitochondrial oxidase) and nitrous oxide reductase. This centre was probably acquired by a primitive FixN-type oxidase, leading to the evolution of the mitochondrial-type oxidase. These links suggest that the oxygen-reducing respiratory chain developed from the anaerobic, denitrifying respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saraste
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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