1
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Chernev P, Aydin AO, Messinger J. On the simulation and interpretation of substrate-water exchange experiments in photosynthetic water oxidation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s11120-024-01084-8. [PMID: 38512410 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Water oxidation by photosystem II (PSII) sustains most life on Earth, but the molecular mechanism of this unique process remains controversial. The ongoing identification of the binding sites and modes of the two water-derived substrate oxygens ('substrate waters') in the various intermediates (Si states, i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) that the water-splitting tetra-manganese calcium penta-oxygen (Mn4CaO5) cluster attains during the reaction cycle provides central information towards resolving the unique chemistry of biological water oxidation. Mass spectrometric measurements of single- and double-labeled dioxygen species after various incubation times of PSII with H218O provide insight into the substrate binding modes and sites via determination of exchange rates. Such experiments have revealed that the two substrate waters exchange with different rates that vary independently with the Si state and are hence referred to as the fast (Wf) and the slow (WS) substrate waters. New insight for the molecular interpretation of these rates arises from our recent finding that in the S2 state, under special experimental conditions, two different rates of WS exchange are observed that appear to correlate with the high spin and low spin conformations of the Mn4CaO5 cluster. Here, we reexamine and unite various proposed methods for extracting and assigning rate constants from this recent data set. The analysis results in a molecular model for substrate-water binding and exchange that reconciles the expected non-exchangeability of the central oxo bridge O5 when located between two Mn(IV) ions with the experimental and theoretical assignment of O5 as WS in all S states. The analysis also excludes other published proposals for explaining the water exchange kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petko Chernev
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Orkun Aydin
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johannes Messinger
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Kosaki S, Mino H. Molecular Structure Related to an S = 5/2 High-Spin S 2 State Manganese Cluster of Photosystem II Investigated by Q-Band Pulse EPR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37463845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The high-spin S2 state of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving cluster Mn4CaO5, corresponding to the g = 4.1 signal for X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), was investigated using Q-band pulsed EPR, which detected a main peak at g = 3.10 and satellite peaks at 5.25, 4.55, and 2.80. We evaluated the spin state as the zero-field splitting of D = 0.465 cm-1 and E/D = 0.245 with S = 5/2. The temperature dependence of the T1 relaxation time revealed that the excited-state energy was 28.7 cm-1 higher than that of the S = 5/2 ground state. By comparing present quantum mechanical (QM) calculation models, a closed-cubane structure with the protonation state of two oxygens, W1 (= OH-) and W2 (= H2O), was the most probable structure for the S = 5/2 state. The three-pulse electron spin-echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) detected the nuclear signal, which was assigned to nitrogen as His332 ligated to the Mn1 ion. The obtained hyperfine constant for the nitrogen signal was significantly reduced from that in the S = 1/2 low-spin state. These results indicate that the S = 5/2 spin state arises from the closed-cubane structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Kosaki
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8602 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mino
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8602 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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3
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Yamaguchi K, Shoji M, Isobe H, Kawakami T, Miyagawa K, Suga M, Akita F, Shen JR. Geometric, electronic and spin structures of the CaMn4O5 catalyst for water oxidation in oxygen-evolving photosystem II. Interplay between experiments and theoretical computations. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Khan MA, Sen UR, Khan S, Sengupta S, Shruti S, Naskar S. Manganese based Molecular Water Oxidation Catalyst: From Natural to Artificial Photosynthesis. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2022.2130273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sahanwaj Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Swaraj Sengupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Sonal Shruti
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Subhendu Naskar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi, India
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5
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Miyagawa K, Shoji M, Isobe H, Kawakami T, Nakajima T, Yamaguchi K. Relative energies among proton-shifted S2 isomers in the photosystem II revealed by DLPNO coupled cluster and hybrid DFT calculations. Proton transfer coupled spin transitions of the CaMn4Ox cluster in OEC of PSII. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Miyagawa K, Kawakami T, Suzuki Y, Isobe H, Shoji M, Yamanaka S, Okumura M, Nakajima T, Yamaguchi K. Relative stability among intermediate structures in S2 state of CaMn4O5 cluster in PSII by using hybrid-DFT and DLPNO-CC methods and evaluation of magnetic interactions between Mn ions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Abstract
We derive a model that provides an exact solution to the substrate-water exchange kinetics in a double-conformation system and use this model to interpret recently published data for Ca2+- and Sr2+-containing PSII in the S2 state, in which the g = 2.0 and g = 4.1 conformations coexist. The component concentrations derived from the kinetic model provide an analytic description of the substrate-water exchange kinetics, allowing us to more accurately interpret the results. Based on this model and the previously reported data on the S2 state g = 2.0 conformation, we obtain the substrate-water exchange rates of the g = 4.1 conformation and the conformational change rates. Two conclusions are made from the analyses. First, contrary to previous reports, there is no significant effect of substituting Sr2+ for Ca2+ on any of the exchange rate constants. Second, the exchange rate of the slowly-exchanging water (Ws) in the S2 state g = 4.1 conformation is much faster than that in the S2 state g = 2.0 conformation. The second conclusion is consistent with the assignment of Ws to W1 or W2 bound as terminal ligands to Mn4; Mn4 has been proposed to undergo an oxidation state change from Mn(IV) in the g = 2.0 conformation to Mn(III) in the g = 4.1 conformation.
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8
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Taguchi S, Noguchi T, Mino H. Molecular Structure of the S2 State with a g = 5 Signal in the Oxygen Evolving Complex of Photosystem II. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5531-5537. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Taguchi
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8602 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8602 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mino
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8602 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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9
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Sayler RI, Hunter BM, Fu W, Gray HB, Britt RD. EPR Spectroscopy of Iron- and Nickel-Doped [ZnAl]-Layered Double Hydroxides: Modeling Active Sites in Heterogeneous Water Oxidation Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1838-1845. [PMID: 31891493 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron-doped nickel layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are among the most active heterogeneous water oxidation catalysts. Due to interspin interactions, however, the high density of magnetic centers results in line-broadening in magnetic resonance spectra. As a result, gaining atomic-level insight into the catalytic mechanism via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is not generally possible. To circumvent spin-spin broadening, iron and nickel atoms were doped into nonmagnetic [ZnAl]-LDH materials and the coordination environments of the isolated Fe(III) and Ni(II) sites were characterized. Multifrequency EPR spectroscopy identified two distinct Fe(III) sites (S = 5/2) in [Fe:ZnAl]-LDH. Changes in zero field splitting (ZFS) were induced by dehydration of the material, revealing that one of the Fe(III) sites was solvent-exposed (i.e., at an edge, corner, or defect site). These solvent-exposed sites featured an axial ZFS of 0.21 cm-1 when hydrated. The ZFS increased dramatically upon dehydration (to -1.5 cm-1), owing to lower symmetry and a decrease in the coordination number of iron. The ZFS of the other ("inert") Fe(III) site maintained an axial ZFS of 0.19-0.20 cm-1 under both hydrated and dehydrated conditions. We observed a similar effect in [Ni:ZnAl]-LDH materials; notably, Ni(II) (S = 1) atoms displayed a single, small ZFS (±0.30 cm-1) in hydrated material, whereas two distinct Ni(II) ZFS values (±0.30 and ±1.1 cm-1) were observed in the dehydrated samples. Although the magnetically dilute materials were not active catalysts, the identification of model sites in which the coordination environments of iron and nickel were particularly labile (e.g., by simple vacuum drying) is an important step toward identifying sites in which the coordination number may drop spontaneously in water, a probable mechanism of water oxidation in functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard I Sayler
- Department of Chemistry , University of California at Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Bryan M Hunter
- Department of Chemistry , University of California at Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Wen Fu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California at Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Harry B Gray
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - R David Britt
- Department of Chemistry , University of California at Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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10
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Mino H, Nagashima H. Orientation of Ligand Field for Dangling Manganese in Photosynthetic Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Photosystem II. J Phys Chem B 2019; 124:128-133. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b10817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mino
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8602 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagashima
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8602 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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11
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Domain-based local pair natural orbital CCSD(T) calculations of fourteen different S2 intermediates for water oxidation in the Kok cycle of OEC of PSII. Re-visit to one LS-two HS model for the S2 state. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.136731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Lee HB, Shiau AA, Oyala PH, Marchiori DA, Gul S, Chatterjee R, Yano J, Britt RD, Agapie T. Tetranuclear [Mn IIIMn 3IVO 4] Complexes as Spectroscopic Models of the S 2 State of the Oxygen Evolving Complex in Photosystem II. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17175-17187. [PMID: 30407806 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive biochemical, spectroscopic, and computational studies, the mechanism of biological water oxidation by the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of Photosystem II remains a subject of significant debate. Mechanistic proposals are guided by the characterization of reaction intermediates such as the S2 state, which features two characteristic EPR signals at g = 2 and g = 4.1. Two nearly isoenergetic structural isomers have been proposed as the source of these distinct signals, but relevant structure-electronic structure studies remain rare. Herein, we report the synthesis, crystal structure, electrochemistry, XAS, magnetic susceptibility, variable temperature CW-EPR, and pulse EPR data for a series of [MnIIIMn3IVO4] cuboidal complexes as spectroscopic models of the S2 state of the OEC. Resembling the oxidation state and EPR spectra of the S2 state of the OEC, these model complexes show two EPR signals, a broad low field signal and a multiline signal, that are remarkably similar to the biological system. The effect of systematic changes in the nature of the bridging ligands on spectroscopy were studied. Results show that the electronic structure of tetranuclear Mn complexes is highly sensitive to even small geometric changes and the nature of the bridging ligands. Our model studies suggest that the spectroscopic properties of the OEC may also react very sensitively to small changes in structure; the effect of protonation state and other reorganization processes need to be carefully assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heui Beom Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72 , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Angela A Shiau
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72 , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Paul H Oyala
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72 , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - David A Marchiori
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Ruchira Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - R David Britt
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72 , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
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13
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Guo Z, Barry BA. Calcium, Ammonia, Redox-Active Tyrosine YZ, and Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in the Photosynthetic Oxygen-Evolving Complex. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:3987-3996. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Guo
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Bridgette A. Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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14
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Mandal M, Askerka M, Banerjee G, Amin M, Brudvig GW, Batista VS, Gunner MR. Characterization of ammonia binding to the second coordination shell of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:16089-16095. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03901h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The second-shell ammonia binding sites near the oxygen-evolving complex are characterized by Continuum Electrostatic/Monte Carlo (MCCE), QM/MM and DFT calculations and experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Mandal
- Department of Physics
- City College of New York
- C.U.N.Y. New York 10031
- USA
| | | | | | - Muhammed Amin
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL)
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- 22607 Hamburg
- Germany
| | | | | | - M. R. Gunner
- Department of Physics
- City College of New York
- C.U.N.Y. New York 10031
- USA
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15
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Guo Z, Barry BA. Cryogenic Trapping and Isotope Editing Identify a Protonated Water Cluster as an Intermediate in the Photosynthetic Oxygen-Evolving Reaction. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:8794-808. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Guo
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Bridgette A Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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16
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Guo Y, He LL, Zhao DX, Gong LD, Liu C, Yang ZZ. How does ammonia bind to the oxygen-evolving complex in the S2state of photosynthetic water oxidation? Theoretical support and implications for the W1 substitution mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:31551-31565. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05725j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic study shows that NH3substitutes W1 rather than O5 of the OEC in the S2state and leaves in the S4′ state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Lan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Xia Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Dong Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- People's Republic of China
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17
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Yamaguchi K, Isobe H, Shoji M, Yamanaka S, Okumura M. Theory of chemical bonds in metalloenzymes XX: magneto-structural correlations in the CaMn4O5cluster in oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Isobe H, Shoji M, Yamanaka S, Mino H, Umena Y, Kawakami K, Kamiya N, Shen JR, Yamaguchi K. Generalized approximate spin projection calculations of effective exchange integrals of the CaMn4O5 cluster in the S1 and S3 states of the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:11911-23. [PMID: 24632787 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00282b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Full geometry optimizations followed by the vibrational analysis were performed for eight spin configurations of the CaMn4O4X(H2O)3Y (X = O, OH; Y = H2O, OH) cluster in the S1 and S3 states of the oxygen evolution complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII). The energy gaps among these configurations obtained by vertical, adiabatic and adiabatic plus zero-point-energy (ZPE) correction procedures have been used for computation of the effective exchange integrals (J) in the spin Hamiltonian model. The J values are calculated by the (1) analytical method and the (2) generalized approximate spin projection (AP) method that eliminates the spin contamination errors of UB3LYP solutions. Using J values derived from these methods, exact diagonalization of the spin Hamiltonian matrix was carried out, yielding excitation energies and spin densities of the ground and lower-excited states of the cluster. The obtained results for the right (R)- and left (L)-opened structures in the S1 and S3 states are found to be consistent with available optical and magnetic experimental results. Implications of the computational results are discussed in relation to (a) the necessity of the exact diagonalization for computations of reliable energy levels, (b) magneto-structural correlations in the CaMn4O5 cluster of the OEC of PSII, (c) structural symmetry breaking in the S1 and S3 states, and (d) the right- and left-handed scenarios for the O-O bond formation for water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Isobe
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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19
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Coates CS, Milikisiyants S, Chatterjee R, Whittaker MM, Whittaker JW, Lakshmi KV. Two-Dimensional HYSCORE Spectroscopy of Superoxidized Manganese Catalase: A Model for the Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Photosystem II. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:4905-16. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Coates
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center
for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Sergey Milikisiyants
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center
for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Ruchira Chatterjee
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center
for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Mei M. Whittaker
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, United States
| | - James W. Whittaker
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, United States
| | - K. V. Lakshmi
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center
for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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20
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Schraut J, Kaupp M. On Ammonia Binding to the Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Photosystem II: A Quantum Chemical Study. Chemistry 2014; 20:7300-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Lohmiller T, Krewald V, Navarro MP, Retegan M, Rapatskiy L, Nowaczyk MM, Boussac A, Neese F, Lubitz W, Pantazis DA, Cox N. Structure, ligands and substrate coordination of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II in the S2 state: a combined EPR and DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11877-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55017f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Pokhrel R, Brudvig GW. Oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II: correlating structure with spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11812-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00493k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Sahu ID, McCarrick RM, Lorigan GA. Use of electron paramagnetic resonance to solve biochemical problems. Biochemistry 2013; 52:5967-84. [PMID: 23961941 PMCID: PMC3839053 DOI: 10.1021/bi400834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a very powerful biophysical tool that can provide valuable structural and dynamic information about a wide variety of biological systems. The intent of this review is to provide a general overview for biochemists and biological researchers of the most commonly used EPR methods and how these techniques can be used to answer important biological questions. The topics discussed could easily fill one or more textbooks; thus, we present a brief background on several important biological EPR techniques and an overview of several interesting studies that have successfully used EPR to solve pertinent biological problems. The review consists of the following sections: an introduction to EPR techniques, spin-labeling methods, and studies of naturally occurring organic radicals and EPR active transition metal systems that are presented as a series of case studies in which EPR spectroscopy has been used to greatly further our understanding of several important biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra D. Sahu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | | | - Gary A. Lorigan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH
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24
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Teutloff C, Pudollek S, Keßen S, Broser M, Zouni A, Bittl R. Electronic structure of the tyrosine D radical and the water-splitting complex from pulsed ENDOR spectroscopy on photosystem II single crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:6715-26. [DOI: 10.1039/b908093g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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25
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Pecoraro VL, Hsieh WY. In search of elusive high-valent manganese species that evaluate mechanisms of photosynthetic water oxidation. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:1765-78. [PMID: 18330968 DOI: 10.1021/ic7017488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress in the understanding of biological water oxidation has occurred during the past 25 years. Today we have a somewhat clearer description of the structure of the Mn4Ca cluster and an idea of the appropriate oxidation states for the enzyme during catalysis. At issue is the mechanism of water oxidation. Depending on one's belief of the manganese ion oxidation levels at the catalytically active S4 configuration, one can invoke a variety of different processes that could lead to water oxidation. We have suggested that the most likely process is the nucleophilic attack of a water bound to calcium (or manganese) onto a highly electrophilic Mn(V)=O center. In this Article, we explore the difficulties of preparing Mn(V) in dimeric systems and the even more arduous task of definitively assigning oxidation states to such highly reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent L Pecoraro
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA.
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26
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Haddy A. EPR spectroscopy of the manganese cluster of photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2007; 92:357-68. [PMID: 17551843 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a valuable tool for understanding the oxidation state and chemical environment of the Mn4Ca cluster of photosystem II. Since the discovery of the multiline signal from the S2 state, EPR spectroscopy has continued to reveal details about the catalytic center of oxygen evolution. At present EPR signals from nearly all of the S-states of the Mn4Ca cluster, as well as from modified and intermediate states, have been observed. This review article describes the various EPR signals obtained from the Mn4Ca cluster, including the metalloradical signals due to interaction of the cluster with a nearby organic radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Haddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA.
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27
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Evans MCW, Ball RJ, Nugent JHA. Ammonia displaces methanol bound to the water oxidizing complex of photosystem II in the S2 state. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:3081-4. [PMID: 15896788 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Revised: 04/12/2005] [Accepted: 04/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia and methanol both bind to the water oxidising complex of photosystem II during its turnover, possibly at sites where water binds during the normal water oxidation process. We have investigated the interaction between these two water analogues at the S2 state of the water oxidising cycle using electron magnetic resonance techniques. We find evidence that ammonia displaces methanol from its binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C W Evans
- Department of Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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28
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Haddy A, Lakshmi KV, Brudvig GW, Frank HA. Q-band EPR of the S2 state of photosystem II confirms an S = 5/2 origin of the X-band g = 4.1 signal. Biophys J 2004; 87:2885-96. [PMID: 15454478 PMCID: PMC1304705 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.040238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disagreement has remained about the spin state origin of the g = 4.1 EPR signal observed at X-band (9 GHz) from the S2 oxidation state of the Mn cluster of Photosystem II. In this study, the S2 state of PSII-enriched membrane fragments was examined at Q-band (34 GHz), with special interest in low-field signals. Light-induced signals at g = 3.1 and g = 4.6 were observed. The intensity of the signal at g = 3.1 was enhanced by the presence of F- and suppressed by the presence of 5% ethanol, indicating that it was from the same spin system as the X-band signal at g = 4.1. The Q-band signal at g = 4.6 was also enhanced by F-, but not suppressed by 5% ethanol, making its identity less clear. Although it can be accounted for by the same spin system, other sources for the signal are considered. The observation of the signal at g = 3.1 agrees well with a previous study at 15.5 GHz, in which the X-band g = 4.1 signal was proposed to arise from the middle Kramers doublet of a near rhombic S = 5/2 system. Zero-field splitting values of D = 0.455 cm(-1) and E/D = 0.25 are used to simulate the spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Haddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA.
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29
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Yano J, Sauer K, Girerd JJ, Yachandra VK. Single crystal X- and Q-band EPR spectroscopy of a binuclear Mn(2)(III,IV) complex relevant to the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:7486-95. [PMID: 15198595 PMCID: PMC3960403 DOI: 10.1021/ja038218j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The anisotropic g and hyperfine tensors of the Mn di-micro-oxo complex, [Mn(2)(III,IV)O(2)(phen)(4)](PF(6))(3).CH(3)CN, were derived by single-crystal EPR measurements at X- and Q-band frequencies. This is the first simulation of EPR parameters from single-crystal EPR spectra for multinuclear Mn complexes, which are of importance in several metalloenzymes; one of them is the oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II (PS II). Single-crystal [Mn(2)(III,IV)O(2)(phen)(4)](PF(6))(3).CH(3)CN EPR spectra showed distinct resolved (55)Mn hyperfine lines in all crystal orientations, unlike single-crystal EPR spectra of other Mn(2)(III,IV) di-micro-oxo bridged complexes. We measured the EPR spectra in the crystal ab- and bc-planes, and from these spectra we obtained the EPR spectra of the complex along the unique a-, b-, and c-axes of the crystal. The crystal orientation was determined by X-ray diffraction and single-crystal EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) measurements. In this complex, the three crystallographic axes, a, b, and c, are parallel or nearly parallel to the principal molecular axes of Mn(2)(III,IV)O(2)(phen)(4) as shown in the crystallographic data by Stebler et al. (Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 4743). This direct relation together with the resolved hyperfine lines significantly simplified the simulation of single-crystal spectra in the three principal directions due to the reduction of free parameters and, thus, allowed us to define the magnetic g and A tensors of the molecule with a high degree of reliability. These parameters were subsequently used to generate the solution EPR spectra at both X- and Q-bands with excellent agreement. The anisotropic g and hyperfine tensors determined by the simulation of the X- and Q-band single-crystal and solution EPR spectra are as follows: g(x) = 1.9887, g(y) = 1.9957, g(z) = 1.9775, and hyperfine coupling constants are A(III)(x) = |171| G, A(III)(y) = |176| G, A(III)(z) = |129| G, A(IV)(x) = |77| G, A(IV)(y) = |74| G, A(IV)(z) = |80| G.
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30
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Peloquin JM, Britt RD. EPR/ENDOR characterization of the physical and electronic structure of the OEC Mn cluster. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1503:96-111. [PMID: 11115627 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has often played a crucial role in characterizing the various cofactors and processes of photosynthesis, and photosystem II and its oxygen evolving chemistry is no exception. Until recently, the application of EPR spectroscopy to the characterization of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) has been limited to the S2-state of the Kok cycle. However, in the past few years, continuous wave-EPR signals have been obtained for both the S0- and S1-state as well as for the S2 (radical)(Z)-state of a number of inhibited systems. Furthermore, the pulsed EPR technique of electron spin echo electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy has been used to directly probe the 55Mn nuclei of the manganese cluster. In this review, we discuss how the EPR data obtained from each of these states of the OEC Kok cycle are being used to provide insight into the physical and electronic structure of the manganese cluster and its interaction with the key tyrosine, Y(Z).
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Peloquin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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31
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Vrettos JS, Limburg J, Brudvig GW. Mechanism of photosynthetic water oxidation: combining biophysical studies of photosystem II with inorganic model chemistry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1503:229-45. [PMID: 11115636 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A mechanism for photosynthetic water oxidation is proposed based on a structural model of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) and its placement into the modeled structure of the D1/D2 core of photosystem II. The structural model of the OEC satisfies many of the geometrical constraints imposed by spectroscopic and biophysical results. The model includes the tetranuclear manganese cluster, calcium, chloride, tyrosine Z, H190, D170, H332 and H337 of the D1 polypeptide and is patterned after the reversible O2-binding diferric site in oxyhemerythrin. The mechanism for water oxidation readily follows from the structural model. Concerted proton-coupled electron transfer in the S2-->S3 and S3-->S4 transitions forms a terminal Mn(V)=O moiety. Nucleophilic attack on this electron-deficient Mn(V)=O by a calcium-bound water molecule results in a Mn(III)-OOH species, similar to the ferric hydroperoxide in oxyhemerythrin. Dioxygen is released in a manner analogous to that in oxyhemerythrin, concomitant with reduction of manganese and protonation of a mu-oxo bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Vrettos
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
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32
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Tangoulis V, Malamatari DA, Spyroulias GA, Raptopoulou CP, Terzis A, Kessissoglou DP. An EPR and 1H NMR active mixed-valence manganese (III/II/III) trinuclear compound. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:2621-30. [PMID: 11197018 DOI: 10.1021/ic991430x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mixed-valence Mn(III)-Mn(II)-Mn(III) trinuclear complex of stoichiometry MnIIIMnIIMnIII(Hsaladhp)2(Sal)4.2CH3CN (1), where H3saladhp is a tridentate Schiff-base ligand, has been structurally characterized with X-ray crystallography. The Mn(III)Mn(II)Mn(III) angles are strictly 180 degrees as required by crystallographic inversion symmetry. The complex is valence-trapped with two terminal Mn(III) ions in a distorted square pyramidal geometry. The Mn(III)...Mn(II) separation is 3.495 A. The trinuclear complex shows small antiferromagnetic exchange J coupling. The magnetic parameters obtained from the fitting procedure in the temperature range 10-300 K are J1 = -5.7 cm-1, g = 2.02, zJ = -0.19 cm-1, and R = 0.004. The EPR spectrum was obtained at 4 K in CHCl3 and in tetrahydrofuran glasses. The low-field EPR signal is a superposition of two signals, one centered around g = 3.6 and the other, for which hyperfine structure is observed, centered around g = 4.1 indicating an S = 3/2 state. In addition, there is a 19-line signal at g = 2.0. The multiline signal compares well with that observed for the S2 or S0* states of the oxygen-evolving complex. 1H NMR data reveal that the trinuclear compound keeps its integrity into the CHCl3 solution. Crystal data for complex 1: [C54H52N4O18Mn3], M = 1209.82, triclinic, space group P1, a = 10.367(6) A, b = 11.369(6) A, c = 13.967(8) A; alpha = 112.56(1) degree, beta = 93.42(2) degrees, gamma = 115.43(1) degree, Z = 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tangoulis
- Department of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece
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33
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Boussac A, Rutherford AW. Comparative study of the g=4.1 EPR signals in the S(2) state of photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1457:145-56. [PMID: 10773159 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Mn(4) complex which is involved in water oxidation in photosystem II is known to exhibit three types of EPR signals in the S(2) state, one of the five redox states of the enzyme cycle: a multiline signal (spin 1/2), signals at g5 (spin 5/2) and a signal at g=4.1 (or g=4.25). The g=4.1 signal could be generated under two distinct sets of conditions: either by illumination at room temperature or at 200 K in certain experimental conditions (g4(S) signal) or by near-infrared illumination between approximately 77 and approximately 160 K of the S(2)-multiline state (g4(IR) signal). The two g=4.1 signals arise from states which have quite different stability in terms of temperature. In the present work we have compared these two signals in order to test if they originate from the same or from different chemical origins. The microwave power saturation properties of the two signals measured at 4.2 K were found to be virtually identical. Their temperature dependencies measured at non-saturating powers were also identical. The presence of Curie law behavior for the g4(S) and g4(IR) signals indicates that the states responsible for both signals are ground states. The orientation dependence, anisotropy and resolved hyperfine structure of the two g4 signals were also found to be virtually indistinguishable. We have been unable to confirm the behavior reported earlier indicating that the g4(S) signal is an excited state, nor were we able to confirm the presence of signal from a higher excited state in samples containing the g4(S), nor a radical signal in samples containing the g4(IR). These findings are best interpreted assuming that the two signals have a common origin i.e. a spin 5/2 ground state arising from a magnetically coupled Mn-cluster of 4 Mn ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boussac
- Section de Bioénergétique, URA CNRS 2096, DBCM, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France.
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34
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Schiller H, Dau H. Preparation protocols for high-activity photosystem II membrane particles of green algae and higher plants, pH dependence of oxygen evolution and comparison of the S2-state multiline signal by X-band EPR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2000; 55:138-44. [PMID: 10942078 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(00)00036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PS II) membrane particles are particularly well suited for various types of spectroscopic investigations on the PS II manganese complex. Here we present: (1) a preparation protocol for PS II membrane particles of higher plants, which yields exceptionally high oxygen-evolution activity due to the use of glycinebetaine as a PS II-stabilizing agent; (2) preparation protocols for highly active PS II membrane particles for the green algae Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; (3) a determination of pH dependence of oxygen evolution for spinach and Scenedesmus; (4) a comparison of the EPR multiline signal observed in the S2-state of green algae and higher plants of PS II membrane particles. A clearly broader type of multiline EPR signal is observed in green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schiller
- FB Biologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany
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35
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A magneto-structural correlation between the Heisenberg constant, J, and the MnOMn angle in [MnIV(μ-O)]2 dimers. Inorganica Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(99)00430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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37
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Spin-exchange interactions in the S2-state manganese tetramer in photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex deduced from g=2 multiline EPR signal. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)01369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Manganese Redox Enzymes and Model Systems: Properties, Structures, and Reactivity. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(08)60152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Astashkin AV, Mino H, Kawamori A, Ono TA. Pulsed EPR study of the S′3 signal in the Ca2+-depleted photosystem II. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Tangoulis V, Malamatari DA, Soulti K, Stergiou V, Raptopoulou CP, Terzis A, Kabanos TA, Kessissoglou DP. Manganese(II/II/II) and Manganese(III/II/III) Trinuclear Compounds. Structure and Solid and Solution Behavior. Inorg Chem 1996; 35:4974-4983. [PMID: 11666702 DOI: 10.1021/ic960183j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two mixed-valence Mn(III)Mn(II) complexes and a homo-valence Mn(II) trinuclear manganese complex of stoichiometry Mn(III)Mn(II)Mn(III)(5-Cl-Hsaladhp)(2)(AcO)(4)(MeOH)(2).4CH(3)OH (1a), Mn(III)Mn(II)Mn(III) (Hsaladhp)(2)(AcO)(2)(5-Cl-Sal)(2)(thf)(2) (3a) and Mn(II)Mn(II)Mn(II) (AcO)(6)(pybim)(2) (1b) where H(3)saladhp is a tridentate Schiff base ligand and pybim a neutral bidentate donor ligand, have been structurally characterized by using X-ray crystallography. The structurally characterized mixed-valence complexes have strictly 180 degrees Mn(III)-Mn(II)-Mn(III) angles as required by crystallographic inversion symmetry. The complexes are valence trapped with two terminal Mn(III) ions showing Jahn-Teller distortion along the acetate or salicylate-Mn(III)-X axis. The Mn.Mn separation is 3.511 Å and 3.507 Å respectively. The mixed-valence complexes have S = (3)/(2) ground state and the homovalence complex S = (5)/(2), with small antiferromagnetic exchange J couplings, -5.6 and -1.8 cm(-1), respectively, while the powder ESR spectra at 4 K show a broad low field signal with g approximately 4.3 for Mn(III)Mn(II)Mn(III) and a broad temperature-dependent signal at g = 2 for Mn(II)Mn(II)Mn(II). Crystal data for 1a: [C(36)H(60)O(20)N(2)Cl(2)Mn(3)], triclinic, space group P&onemacr;, a = 9.272(7) Å, b = 11.046(8) Å, c = 12.635(9) Å, alpha = 76.78(2) degrees, beta = 81.84(2) degrees, gamma = 85.90(2) degrees, Z = 1. Crystal data for 3a: [C(48)H(56)O(18)N(2)Cl(2)Mn(3)], monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, a = 8.776(3) Å, b = 22.182(7) Å, c = 13.575(4) Å, beta = 94.44(1) degrees, Z = 2. Crystal data for 1b: [C(36)H(36)O(12)N(6)Mn(3)], triclinic, space group P&onemacr;, a = 13.345(6) Å, b = 8.514(4) Å, c = 9.494(4) Å, alpha = 75.48(1) degrees, beta = 75.83(1) degrees, gamma = 76.42(1) degrees, Z = 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Tangoulis
- Department of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece, and NRCPS "Demokritos", Institute of Materials Science, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece
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41
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Evidence for two forms of the g = 4.1 signal in the S2 state of photosystem II. Two magnetically isolated manganese dimers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(96)00012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Kusunoki M. EPR evidence for the primary water oxidation step upon the S2 → S3 transition in the Joliot-Kok cycle of plant photosystem II. Chem Phys Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(95)00440-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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DeRose VJ, Latimer MJ, Zimmermann JL, Mukerji I, Yachandra VK, Sauer K, Klein MP. Fluoride substitution in the Mn cluster from Photosystem II: EPR and X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies. Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(95)00043-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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Dau H, Andrews JC, Roelofs TA, Latimer MJ, Liang W, Yachandra VK, Sauer K, Klein MP. Structural consequences of ammonia binding to the manganese center of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex: an X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of isotropic and oriented photosystem II particles. Biochemistry 1995; 34:5274-87. [PMID: 7711049 DOI: 10.1021/bi00015a043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The structure and orientation of the manganese complex in NH3-treated photosystem II (PS II) membrane particles of spinach are being studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. On the basis of earlier work by our group, a structure for the tetranuclear manganese complex of PS II, which consists of two di-mu-oxo-bridged binuclear Mn units linked by a mono-mu-oxo group, has been proposed [Yachandra, V. K., et al. (1993) Science 260, 675-679]. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) of the complex modified by NH3 binding in the S2-state is suggestive of an increase in the Mn-Mn distance of one of these units from 2.72 +/- 0.02 to 2.87 +/- 0.02 A, whereas the Mn-Mn distance of the second unit seems to be unaffected by NH3 treatment. The elongation of one binuclear center could result from the replacement of one bridging mu-oxo by an amido group. The lengthening of one Mn-Mn distance means that, by NH3 treatment, the distance degeneracy of the 2.7 A Mn-Mn EXAFS interaction is removed. Consequently, the orientation of individual binuclear units with respect to the membrane normal becomes resolvable by EXAFS spectroscopy of partially oriented PS II membrane particles. The angle between the normal of the PS II-containing membrane and the Mn-Mn vector is determined to be 67 degrees +/- 3 degrees for the 2.87 A distance and 55 degrees +/- 4 degrees for the 2.72 A distance. Only small effects on position, shape, and orientation dependence of Mn K-edge spectra result from NH3 treatment, indicating that the Mn oxidation state, the symmetry of the Mn ligand environment, and the orientation of the complex remain essentially unaffected in the annealed NH3 S2-state. Therefore, it seems likely that the angles determined for the ammonia-modified manganese complex are similar to the respective angles of the untreated complex. The structure of the manganese complex and its orientation in the membrane are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dau
- Structural Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
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45
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MacLachlan DJ, Nugent JH, Warden JT, Evans MC. Investigation of the ammonium chloride and ammonium acetate inhibition of oxygen evolution by Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1188:325-34. [PMID: 7803449 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Using EPR and EXAFS spectroscopies we show that high concentrations of ammonium cations at alkaline pH are required for (1) inhibition of oxygen evolution: (2) an alteration of the EPR properties of the oxygen evolving complex: (3) the ability to detect YZ; and (4) the slow reduction of the Mn complex leading to the appearance of EPR detectable Mn2+. The inhibition of S state cycling, slowing of YZ reduction, appearance of Mn2+ and the yield of a Hpp < 10 mT S3 type EPR signal are decreased by calcium addition. This indicates that these effects were probably associated with calcium depletion arising from the high concentration of ammonium cation. The ammonia-induced changes to the S2 multiline EPR signal are not affected by calcium addition. The appearance of Mn2+ is shown to be reversible on illumination, suggesting that the Mn reduced from the native state is located at or near the native site. Simulations of the interaction which give rise to the S3 EPR signal are also presented and discussed. These indicate that lineshape differences occur through small changes in the exchange component of the interaction between the manganese complex and organic radical, probably through minor structural changes between the variously treated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J MacLachlan
- Department of Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, UK
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46
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Lorigan GA, Britt RD. Temperature-dependent pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance studies of the S2 state multiline signal of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex. Biochemistry 1994; 33:12072-6. [PMID: 7918427 DOI: 10.1021/bi00206a009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The electron spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1) of the g = 2 "multiline" manganese electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal arising from the photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex poised in the S2 state has been directly measured over the temperature range of 4.2-11 K via the inversion-recovery pulsed EPR technique. The electron spin echo amplitude of the g = 2 "multiline" signal varies inversely with temperature over this range, indicating a ground spin state Curie law behavior in agreement with our previously reported work [Britt et al. (1992) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1140, 95-101]. Results of a plot of the natural log of the electron spin-lattice relaxation rate versus reciprocal temperature are consistent with an Orbach mechanism serving as the dominant relaxation pathway for the "multiline" signal in this temperature range. The slope of the plot indicates that an excited spin state manifold exists 36.5 cm-1 above the ground-state manifold that gives rise to the "multiline" signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Lorigan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis 95616
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MacLachlan DJ, Nugent JH. Investigation of the S3 electron paramagnetic resonance signal from the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem 2: effect of inhibition of oxygen evolution by acetate. Biochemistry 1993; 32:9772-80. [PMID: 8396970 DOI: 10.1021/bi00088a032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An S3 electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal is observed in a variety of photosystem 2 (PS2) samples in which the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) has been inhibited. These signals have been proposed to be due to an interaction, S2X+, between the manganese cluster in an oxidation state equivalent to S2 and an organic radical, either oxidized histidine [Boussac et al. (1990) Nature 347, 303-306] or the tyrosine radical Yz+ [Hallahan et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 4562-4573]. We report that treatment of PS2 with acetate at pH 5.5 leads to a slowing of the reduction of Yz+ and allows the trapping of an S3-type state on freezing to 77 K following illumination at 277 K. The S3 EPR signal in acetate-treated PS2 has a broader and more complex line shape but otherwise has similar properties to other S3 signals. The addition to acetate-treated samples in the S1 state of the herbicide 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), which allows only a single turnover of the reaction center, causes a large reduction in the yield of the S3 signal. Various anion and cation treatments change the S3 signal line shape and are used to show that acetate probably acts by binding and displacing chloride. We propose that a variety of treatments which affect calcium and chloride cofactor binding cause a modification of the S2 state of the manganese cluster, slow the reduction of Yz+, and allow an S3 EPR signal to be observed following illumination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Messinger J, Renger G. Generation, oxidation by the oxidized form of the tyrosine of polypeptide D2, and possible electronic configuration of the redox states S0, S-1, and S-2 of the water oxidase in isolated spinach thylakoids. Biochemistry 1993; 32:9379-86. [PMID: 8369309 DOI: 10.1021/bi00087a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Suitable treatment of thylakoids with hydrazine permits a high population of the redox states S0, S-1, and S-2 in the water oxidase. Experiments performed with dark-adapted samples enriched either in the oxidized or reduced form of the redox-active tyrosine, YD, of polypeptide D2 reveal that YoxD is a unique endogenous oxidant within the PS II complex which causes a one-electron abstraction from the water oxidase in states S0, S-1, and S-2, respectively. A kinetic analysis of the period four oscillation of oxygen yield induced by a train of short flashes in dark-adapted samples permits the determination of the rate constants of electron abstraction from the reduced water oxidase by YoxD. A value of 9 x 10(-4) s-1 was found for the oxidation of S0 and S-2, while S-1 becomes oxidized with a rate constant of 4 x 10(-4) s-1 at 20 degrees C and pH 7.2. The redox state S0 generated either from S1 via the three-flash-induced oxidative pathway through S4 or from a one-flash oxidation of the S-1 state obtained by S1 reduction with NH2NH2 exhibits the same kinetics as S0 oxidation by YoxD. On the basis of these findings and data taken from the literature, the electronic configuration of the manganese atoms in the tetranuclear cluster is discussed. It is assumed that the dimer model of two binuclear manganese groups within the tetranuclear cluster is discussed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J Messinger
- Max-Volmer-Institut für Biophysikalische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, FRG
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