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Jensen GC, Janis MK, Jara J, Abbasi N, Zastrow ML. Zinc-Induced Fluorescence Turn-On in Native and Mutant Phycoerythrobilin-Binding Orange Fluorescent Proteins. Biochemistry 2023; 62:2828-2840. [PMID: 37699411 PMCID: PMC11057272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteriochrome (CBCR)-derived fluorescent proteins are a class of reporters that can bind bilin cofactors and fluoresce across the ultraviolet to the near-infrared spectrum. Derived from phytochrome-related photoreceptor proteins in cyanobacteria, many of these proteins use a single small GAF domain to autocatalytically bind a bilin and fluoresce. The second GAF domain of All1280 (All1280g2) from Nostoc sp. PCC7120 is a DXCF motif-containing protein that exhibits blue-light-responsive photochemistry when bound to its native cofactor, phycocyanobilin. All1280g2 can also bind non-photoswitching phycoerythrobilin (PEB), resulting in a highly fluorescent protein. Given the small size, high quantum yield, and that unlike green fluorescent proteins, bilin-binding proteins can be used in anaerobic organisms, the orange fluorescent All1280g2-PEB protein is a promising platform for designing new genetically encoded metal ion sensors. Here, we show that All1280g2-PEB undergoes a ∼5-fold reversible zinc-induced fluorescence enhancement with a blue-shifted emission maximum (572 to 517 nm), which is not observed for a related PEB-bound GAF from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (Slr1393g3). Zn2+ significantly enhances All1280g2-PEB fluorescence across a biologically relevant pH range from 6.0 to 9.0, with pH-dependent dissociation constants from 1 μM to ∼20-80 nM. Site-directed mutants aiming to sterically decrease and increase access to PEB show a decreased and similar amount of zinc-induced fluorescence enhancement. Mutation of the cysteine residue within the DXCF motif to alanine abolishes the zinc-induced fluorescence enhancement. Collectively, these results support the presence of a unique fluorescence-enhancing Zn2+ binding site in All1280g2-PEB likely involving coordination to the bilin cofactor and requiring a nearby cysteine residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Makena K Janis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Jazzmin Jara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Nasir Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Melissa L Zastrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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Jensen GC, Janis MK, Jara J, Abbasi N, Zastrow ML. Zinc-Induced Fluorescence Turn-on in Native and Mutant Phycoerythrobilin-Binding Orange Fluorescent Proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.11.552977. [PMID: 37609204 PMCID: PMC10441388 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.11.552977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteriochrome (CBCR)-derived fluorescent proteins are a class of reporters that can bind bilin cofactors and fluoresce across the ultraviolet to near-infrared spectrum. Derived from phytochrome-related photoreceptor proteins in cyanobacteria, many of these proteins use a single small GAF domain to autocatalytically bind a bilin and fluoresce. The second GAF domain of All1280 from Nostoc sp. PCC7120 is a DXCF motif-containing protein that exhibits blue light-responsive photochemistry when bound to its native cofactor, phycocyanobilin. GAF2 can also bind non-photoswitching phycoerythrobilin (PEB), resulting in a highly fluorescent protein. Given the small size, high quantum yield, and that, unlike green fluorescent proteins, bilin-binding proteins can be used in anaerobic organisms, the orange fluorescent GAF2-PEB protein is a promising platform for designing new genetically encoded metal ion sensors. Here we show that GAF2-PEB undergoes a ∼5-fold reversible zinc-induced fluorescence enhancement with blue-shifted emission maximum (572 to 517 nm), which is not observed for a related PEB-bound GAF from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (Slr1393g3). Zn 2+ significantly enhances GAF2-PEB fluorescence across a biologically relevant pH range from 6.0-9.0 and with pH-dependent µM to nM dissociation constants. Site-directed mutants aiming to sterically decrease and increase access to PEB show a decreased and similar amount of zinc-induced fluorescence enhancement, respectively. Mutation of the cysteine residue within the DXCF motif to alanine abolishes zinc-induced fluorescence enhancement. Collectively, these results support the presence of a fluorescence enhancing Zn 2+ binding site in GAF2-PEB likely involving coordination to the bilin cofactor and requiring a nearby cysteine residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204 (USA)
| | - Makena K. Janis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204 (USA)
| | - Jazzmin Jara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204 (USA)
| | - Nasir Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204 (USA)
| | - Melissa L. Zastrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204 (USA)
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Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS. Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of Open-chain Tetrapyrrole Pigments–Bilirubins, Biliverdins, Phycobilins, and Synthetic Analogues. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2023.100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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4
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Cesana PT, Li BX, Shepard SG, Ting SI, Hart SM, Olson CM, Martinez Alvarado JI, Son M, Steiman TJ, Castellano FN, Doyle AG, MacMillan DW, Schlau-Cohen GS. A biohybrid strategy for enabling photoredox catalysis with low-energy light. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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5
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Wang X, Fang Z, Li Z, Ying W, Chen D, He H, Peng X. R-phycoerythrin proteins@ZIF-8 composite thin films for mercury ion detection. Analyst 2019; 144:3892-3897. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent R-phycoerythrin proteins were encapsulated into ZIF-8 thin films for colorimetric detection of mercury ions with high sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zhishan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zhuoyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Wen Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Danke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Haiping He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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Wang X, Guo Y, Li Z, Ying W, Chen D, Deng Z, Peng X. Dual emission from nanoconfined R-phycoerythrin fluorescent proteins for white light emission diodes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:9777-9782. [PMID: 35520706 PMCID: PMC9062197 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile strategy to encapsulate R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) proteins and CdSexS1−x/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) in ZIF-8 thin films is developed through a one-pot solid-confinement conversion process. The resultant R-PE/CdSexS1−x/ZnS@ZIF-8 thin film exhibits high-quality white light emission and good thermal stability up to 80 °C. The nanoconfined R-phycoerythrin protein in ZIF-8 shows dual color emissions and exhibits high-quality white light emission and good thermal stability.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Yi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zhuoyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Wen Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Danke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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Cantisani R, Pezzicoli A, Cioncada R, Malzone C, De Gregorio E, D'Oro U, Piccioli D. Vaccine adjuvant MF59 promotes retention of unprocessed antigen in lymph node macrophage compartments and follicular dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1717-25. [PMID: 25589069 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ag retention within lymph nodes (LNs) upon vaccination is critical for the development of adaptive immune responses, because it facilitates the encounter of the Ag with cognate lymphocytes. During a secondary exposure of the immune system to an Ag, immune complexes (ICs) that contain the unprocessed Ag are captured by subcapsular sinus macrophages and are transferred onto follicular dendritic cells, where they persist for weeks, facilitating Ag presentation to cognate memory B cells. The impact of adjuvants on Ag retention within the draining LNs is unknown. In this article, we provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that the oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant MF59 localizes in subcapsular sinus and medullary macrophage compartments of mouse draining LNs, where it persists for at least 2 wk. In addition, we demonstrate that MF59 promotes accumulation of the unprocessed Ag within these LN compartments and facilitates the consequent deposition of the IC-trapped Ag onto activated follicular dendritic cells. These findings correlate with the ability of MF59 to boost germinal center generation and Ag-specific Ab titers. Our data suggest that the adjuvant effect of MF59 is, at least in part, due to an enhancement of IC-bound Ag retention within the LN and offer insights to improve the efficacy of new vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ugo D'Oro
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Blanco-Pascual N, Gómez-Guillén M, Montero M. Integral Mastocarpus stellatus use for antioxidant edible film development. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Blanco-Pascual N, Alemán A, Gómez-Guillén MC, Montero MP. Enzyme-assisted extraction of κ/ι-hybrid carrageenan from Mastocarpus stellatus for obtaining bioactive ingredients and their application for edible active film development. Food Funct 2014; 5:319-29. [PMID: 24337179 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60310e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two hydrolysates were obtained from dried Mastocarpus stellatus using alcalase. The phenolic content was partially removed from one of them. The phenolic-partially-removed hydrolysate (H) was found to be a potent angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. However, the phenolic-containing hydrolysate (Hp) showed a higher Folin-reactive substance content and antioxidant capacity (reducing power and radical scavenging capacity). Hp was therefore selected for the development of antioxidant Mastocarpus carrageenan-based films. F-Hp0 (without the hydrolysate), F-Hp15 (with 15% hydrolysate) and F-Hp30 (with 30% hydrolysate) films were developed. κ/ι-hybrid carrageenan was the main film constituent and hydrolysate addition resulted in an increased sulfated proportion, higher protein content and higher number of hydrogen bonds. Therefore interactions between carrageenan helices, plasticizers and peptides in the film-forming solution were enhanced, especially in F-Hp15, and consequently the water vapour permeability (WVP) of the resulting film decreased. Nevertheless, F-Hp30 considerably improved the transparency, UV/Vis light barrier, water resistance and elongation at break (EAB). The presence of Hp increased both puncture force (F) and puncture elongation (E), but not tensile strength (TS) or Young's modulus (Y). The addition of an increased concentration of hydrolysate to the films led to a considerable increase in the Folin-reactive substance content and the antioxidant activity, especially the radical scavenging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Blanco-Pascual
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), C/ José Antonio Nováis, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Probing the pH sensitivity of R-phycoerythrin: Investigations of active conformational and functional variation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1787:939-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 02/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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11
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Alvey RM, Bezy RP, Frankenberg-Dinkel N, Kehoe DM. A light regulated OmpR-class promoter element co-ordinates light-harvesting protein and chromophore biosynthetic enzyme gene expression. Mol Microbiol 2007; 64:319-32. [PMID: 17381552 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Co-ordination of chromophore and apoprotein biosynthesis is required during photosynthetic light-harvesting antennae production, such as occurs during complementary chromatic adaptation (CCA). This response to ambient light colour changes is controlled by a phytochrome-class photoreceptor and involves changes in the synthesis of cyanobacterial light-harvesting antennae. During growth in red light, CCA activates cpc2 transcription, an operon that encodes the light-harvesting protein phycocyanin. In order to function, this apoprotein must have covalently attached phycocyanobilin chromophores, which are synthesized by PcyA. We show that pcyA is also transcriptionally activated by CCA during red light growth and is not regulated via feedback that senses cpc2 RNA levels. The pcyA and cpc2 promoters contain a common regulatory element, a direct repeat typical of OmpR-class transcription factor binding sites, at similar positions relative to their red light-controlled transcription start sites. Deletion of this element from the pcyA promoter eliminated CCA-regulated transcription, and insertion of the element into a non-light responsive promoter conferred CCA regulation. We conclude that this element is necessary and sufficient to confer CCA transcriptional regulation and that it co-ordinates phycocyanin and phycocyanobilin biosynthesis in red light.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/radiation effects
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Cluster Analysis
- Cyanobacteria/genetics
- Cyanobacteria/radiation effects
- Feedback, Physiological/radiation effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/radiation effects
- Genes, Bacterial
- Light
- Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes/genetics
- Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes/radiation effects
- Models, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Phycobilins/biosynthesis
- Phycobilisomes/metabolism
- Phycobilisomes/radiation effects
- Phycocyanin/biosynthesis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Transcription Initiation Site
- Transcription, Genetic/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Alvey
- Department of Biology, 1001 East Third Street, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405, USA
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12
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Fairchild CD, Glazer AN. Nonenzymatic bilin addition to the alpha subunit of an apophycoerythrin. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)62003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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13
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Cheng LJ, Ma JS, Jiang) LCC(LJ. THE COMPLEXES FORMED BY BILADIENE a, b COMPOUNDS WITH ZINC IONS and THEIR APPLICATION IN DETERMINATION OF THE CHROMOPHORE COMPOSITION OF α- and β- SUBUNITS OF R-PHYCOERYTHRIN. Photochem Photobiol 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1990.tb08447.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Nagy JO, Bishop JE, Klotz AV, Glazer AN, Rapoport H. Bilin attachment sites in the alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of R-phycoerythrin. Structural studies on singly and doubly linked phycourobilins. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)89151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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15
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Brown A, Offner G, Ehrhardt M, Troxler R. Phycobilin-apoprotein linkages in the alpha and beta subunits of phycocyanin from the unicellular rhodophyte, Cyanidium caldarium. Amino acid sequences of 35S-labeled chromopeptides. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)36018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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16
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Gossauer A, Klahr E. Synthesen von Gallenfarbstoffen, VIII. Totalsynthese desracem. Phycoerythrobilin-dimethylesters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19791120631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Troxler RF, Brown AS, Brown SB. Bile pigment synthesis in plants. Mechanism of 18O incorporation into phycocyanobilin in the unicellular rhodophyte. Cyanidium caldarium. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)50775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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18
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Killilea S, O'Carra P. Improved unidimensional thin-layer chromatographic system for the indentification of bilin degradation products. J Chromatogr A 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)92287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Glazer AN. Structure and molecular organization of the photosynthetic accessory pigments of cyanobacteria and red algae. Mol Cell Biochem 1977; 18:125-40. [PMID: 415227 DOI: 10.1007/bf00280278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Glazer AN, Hixson CS. Subunit structure and chromophore composition of rhodophytan phycoerythrins. Porphyridium cruentum B-phycoerythrin and b-phycoerythrin. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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21
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Köst HP, Rüdiger W, Chapman DJ. Über die Bindungen zwischen Chromophor und Protein in Biliproteiden, I. Abbauversuche und Spektraluntersuchungen an Biliproteiden. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.197519750906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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23
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Gossauer A, Miehe D. Synthesen von Gallenfarbstoffen, III1) Totalsynthese des Mesobilirhodin-dimethylesters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.197419740303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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27
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28
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29
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Ó Carra P, Killilea S. Mesobilirhodin, an isomeride of -urobilin with the spectral characteristics of phycoerythrobilin. Tetrahedron Lett 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)98705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Rüdiger W, Carra PO. Studies on the structures and apoprotein linkages of the phycobilins. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1969; 7:509-16. [PMID: 5776242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1969.tb19637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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31
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Cole WJ, O hEocha C, Moscowitz A, Krueger WR. The optical activity of urobilins derived from phycoerythrobiln. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1967; 3:202-7. [PMID: 6079777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1967.tb19516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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32
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33
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Fujimori E, Pecci J. Distinct subunits of phycoerythrin from Porphyridium cruentum and their spectral characteristics. Arch Biochem Biophys 1967; 118:448-55. [PMID: 6033720 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(67)90373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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34
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Pecci J, Fujimori E. Mercurial-induced dissociation of phycoerythrin from Ceramium rubrum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (BBA) - BIOENERGETICS 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(67)90037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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