1
|
Delannoy López DM, Tran DT, Viault G, Dairi S, Peixoto PA, Capello Y, Minder L, Pouységu L, Génot E, Di Primo C, Deffieux D, Quideau S. Real-Time Analysis of Polyphenol-Protein Interactions by Surface Plasmon Resonance Using Surface-Bound Polyphenols. Chemistry 2021; 27:5498-5508. [PMID: 33443311 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A selection of bioactive polyphenols of different structural classes, such as the ellagitannins vescalagin and vescalin, the flavanoids catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and procyanidin B2, and the stilbenoids resveratrol and piceatannol, were chemically modified to bear a biotin unit for enabling their immobilization on streptavidin-coated sensor chips. These sensor chips were used to evaluate in real time by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) the interactions of three different surface-bound polyphenolic ligands per sensor chip with various protein analytes, including human DNA topoisomerase IIα, flavonoid leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase, B-cell lymphoma 2 apoptosis regulator protein, and bovine serum albumin. The types and levels of SPR responses unveiled major differences in the association, or lack thereof, and dissociation between a given protein analyte and different polyphenolic ligands. Thus, this multi-analysis SPR technique is a valuable methodology to rapidly screen and qualitatively compare various polyphenol-protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong Tien Tran
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Viault
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Sofiane Dairi
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | | | - Yoan Capello
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Laëtitia Minder
- INSERM, CNRS, IECB (US001, UMS 3033), Univ. Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Pouységu
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Elisabeth Génot
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Univ. Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Carmelo Di Primo
- INSERM, CNRS (U1212, UMR 5320), IECB, Univ. Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Denis Deffieux
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Quideau
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zuccaro L, Tesauro C, Kurkina T, Fiorani P, Yu HK, Knudsen BR, Kern K, Desideri A, Balasubramanian K. Real-Time Label-Free Direct Electronic Monitoring of Topoisomerase Enzyme Binding Kinetics on Graphene. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11166-76. [PMID: 26445172 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer graphene field-effect sensors operating in liquid have been widely deployed for detecting a range of analyte species often under equilibrium conditions. Here we report on the real-time detection of the binding kinetics of the essential human enzyme, topoisomerase I interacting with substrate molecules (DNA probes) that are immobilized electrochemically on to monolayer graphene strips. By monitoring the field-effect characteristics of the graphene biosensor in real-time during the enzyme-substrate interactions, we are able to decipher the surface binding constant for the cleavage reaction step of topoisomerase I activity in a label-free manner. Moreover, an appropriate design of the capture probes allows us to distinctly follow the cleavage step of topoisomerase I functioning in real-time down to picomolar concentrations. The presented results are promising for future rapid screening of drugs that are being evaluated for regulating enzyme activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zuccaro
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , D-70569 Stuttgat, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata , I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Tesauro
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata , I-00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tetiana Kurkina
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , D-70569 Stuttgat, Germany
| | - Paola Fiorani
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata , I-00133 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology , National Research Council CNR, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Hak Ki Yu
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Birgitta R Knudsen
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , D-70569 Stuttgat, Germany
- Institut de Physique de la Matière Condensée, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yogo K, Ogawa T, Hayashi M, Harada Y, Nishizaka T, Kinosita K. Direct observation of strand passage by DNA-topoisomerase and its limited processivity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34920. [PMID: 22496876 PMCID: PMC3322154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-II DNA topoisomerases resolve DNA entanglements such as supercoils, knots and catenanes by passing one segment of DNA duplex through a transient enzyme-bridged double-stranded break in another segment. The ATP-dependent passage reaction has previously been demonstrated at the single-molecule level, showing apparent processivity at saturating ATP. Here we directly observed the strand passage by human topoisomerase IIα, after winding a pair of fluorescently stained DNA molecules with optical tweezers for 30 turns into an X-shaped braid. On average 0.51 ± 0.33 µm (11 ± 6 turns) of a braid was unlinked in a burst of reactions taking 8 ± 4 s, the unlinked length being essentially independent of the enzyme concentration between 0.25-37 pM. The time elapsed before the start of processive unlinking decreased with the enzyme concentration, being ~100 s at 3.7 pM. These results are consistent with a scenario where the enzyme binds to one DNA for a period of ~10 s, waiting for multiple diffusional encounters with the other DNA to transport it across the break ~10 times, and then dissociates from the binding site without waiting for the exhaustion of transportable DNA segments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Yogo
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisaku Ogawa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Hayashi
- Yasuda “On-chip Molecular Cell Phenomics” Project, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology (KAST), Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshie Harada
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Kinosita
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee GE, Kim JH, Taylor M, Muller MT. DNA methyltransferase 1-associated protein (DMAP1) is a co-repressor that stimulates DNA methylation globally and locally at sites of double strand break repair. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:37630-40. [PMID: 20864525 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.148536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Correction of double strand DNA breaks proceeds in an error-free pathway of homologous recombination (HR), which can result in gene silencing of half of the DNA molecules caused by action by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) (Cuozzo, C., Porcellini, A., Angrisano, T., Morano, A., Lee, B., Di Pardo, A., Messina, S., Iuliano, R., Fusco, A., Santillo, M. R., Muller, M. T., Chiariotti, L., Gottesman, M. E., and Avvedimento, E. V. (2007) PLoS Genet. 3, e110). To explore the mechanism that leads to HR-induced silencing, a genetic screen was carried out based on the silencing of a GFP reporter to identify potential partners. DMAP1, a DNMT1 interacting protein, was identified as a mediator of this process. DMAP1 is a potent activator of DNMT1 methylation in vitro, suggesting that DMAP1 is a co-repressor that supports the maintenance and de novo action of DNMT1. To examine critical roles for DMAP1 in vivo, lentiviral shRNA was used to conditionally reduce cellular DMAP1 levels. The shRNA transduced cells grew poorly and eventually ceased their growth. Analysis of the tumor suppressor gene p16 methylation status revealed a clear reduction in methylated CpGs in the shRNA cells, suggesting that reactivation of a tumor suppressor gene pathway caused the slow growth phenotype. Analysis of HR, using a fluorescence-based reporter, revealed that knocking down DMAP1 also caused hypomethylation of the DNA repair products following gene conversion. DMAP1 was selectively enriched in recombinant GFP chromatin based on chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. The picture that emerges is that DMAP1 activates DNMT1 preferentially at sites of HR repair. Because DMAP1 depleted cells display enhanced HR, we conclude that it has additional roles in genomic stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gun E Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tsai HP, Lin LW, Lai ZY, Wu JY, Chen CE, Hwang J, Chen CS, Lin CM. Immobilizing topoisomerase I on a surface plasmon resonance biosensor chip to screen for inhibitors. J Biomed Sci 2010; 17:49. [PMID: 20565729 PMCID: PMC2898767 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-17-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The topoisomerase I (TopI) reaction intermediate consists of an enzyme covalently linked to a nicked DNA molecule, known as a TopI-DNA complex, that can be trapped by inhibitors and results in failure of re-ligation. Attempts at new derivative designs for TopI inhibition are enthusiastically being pursued, and TopI inhibitors were developed for a variety of applications. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was recently used in TopI-inhibition studies. However, most such immobilized small molecules or short-sequence nucleotides are used as ligands onto sensor chips, and TopI was used as the analyte that flowed through the sensor chip. METHODS We established a sensor chip on which the TopI protein is immobilized to evaluate TopI inhibition by SPR. Camptothecin (CPT) targeting the DNA-TopI complex was used as a representative inhibitor to validate this label-free method. RESULTS Purified recombinant human TopI was covalently coupled to the sensor chip for the SPR assay. The binding of anti-human (h)TopI antibodies and plasmid pUC19, respectively, to the immobilized hTopI was observed with dose-dependent increases in resonance units (RU) suggesting that the immobilized hTopI retains its DNA-binding activity. Neither CPT nor evodiamine alone in the analyte flowing through the sensor chip showed a significant increase in RU. The combination of pUC19 and TopI inhibitors as the analyte flowing through the sensor chip caused increases in RU. This confirms its reliability for binding kinetic studies of DNA-TopI binders for interaction and for primary screening of TopI inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS TopI immobilized on the chip retained its bioactivities of DNA binding and catalysis of intermediates of the DNA-TopI complex. This provides DNA-TopI binders for interaction and primary screening with a label-free method. In addition, this biochip can also ensure the reliability of binding kinetic studies of TopI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Ping Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hofland KF, Thougaard AV, Dejligbjerg M, Jensen LH, Kristjansen PEG, Rengtved P, Sehested M, Jensen PB. Combining Etoposide and Dexrazoxane Synergizes with Radiotherapy and Improves Survival in Mice with Central Nervous System Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:6722-9. [PMID: 16166453 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The treatment of patients with brain metastases is presently ineffective, but cerebral chemoradiotherapy using radiosensitizing agents seems promising. Etoposide targets topoisomerase II, resulting in lethal DNA breaks; such lesions may increase the effect of irradiation, which also depends on DNA damage. Coadministration of the topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitor dexrazoxane in mice allows for more than 3-fold higher dosing of etoposide. We hypothesized that dexrazoxane combined with escalated etoposide doses might improve the efficacy of cerebral radiotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Mice with cerebrally inoculated Ehrlich ascites tumor (EHR2) cells were treated with combinations of etoposide + dexrazoxane + cerebral radiotherapy. Similar chemotherapy and radiation combinations were investigated by clonogenic assays using EHR2 cells, and by DNA double-strand break assay through quantification of phosphorylated histone H2AX (gammaH2AX). RESULTS Escalated etoposide dosing (90 mg/kg) combined with dexrazoxane (125 mg/kg) and cerebral radiotherapy (10 Gy x 1) increased the median survival by 60% (P = 0.001) without increased toxicity, suggesting that escalated etoposide levels may indeed represent a new strategy for improving radiotherapy. Interestingly, 125 mg/kg dexrazoxane combined with normal etoposide doses (34 mg/kg) also increased survival from radiotherapy, but only by 27% (P = 0.002). This indicates a direct dexrazoxane modulation of the combined effects of etoposide and radiation in brain tumors. Further, in vitro, concurrent dexrazoxane, etoposide, and irradiation significantly increased DNA double-strand breaks. CONCLUSION Combining etoposide (high or normal doses) and dexrazoxane synergizes with cerebral radiotherapy and significantly improves survival in mice with central nervous system tumors. This regimen may thus improve radiation therapy of central nervous system tumors.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects
- Blood-Brain Barrier/pathology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/radiation effects
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Combined Modality Therapy
- DNA Damage
- DNA, Neoplasm/drug effects
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/radiation effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
- Etoposide/administration & dosage
- Female
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Razoxane/administration & dosage
- Survival Analysis
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
|
7
|
Sorensen TK, Grauslund M, Jensen PB, Sehested M, Jensen LH. Separation of bisdioxopiperazine- and vanadate resistance in topoisomerase II. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 334:853-60. [PMID: 16053917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Accepted: 06/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bisdioxopiperazines are inhibitors of topoisomerase II trapping this protein as a closed clamp on DNA with concomitant inhibition of its ATPase activity. Here, we analyse the effects of N-terminal mutations identified in bisdioxopiperazine-resistant cells on ATP hydrolysis by this enzyme. We present data consistent with bisdioxopiperazine resistance arising by two different mechanisms; one involving reduced stability of the N-terminal clamp (the N-gate) and one involving reduced affinity for bisdioxopiperazines. Vanadate is a general inhibitor of type P ATPases and has recently been demonstrated to lock topoisomerase II as a salt-stable closed clamp on DNA analogous to the bisdioxopiperazines. We show that a R162K mutation in human topoisomerase II alpha renders this enzyme highly resistant towards vanadate while having little effect on bisdioxopiperazine sensitivity. The implications of these findings for the mechanism of action of bisdioxopiperazines versus vanadate with topoisomerase II are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina K Sorensen
- Department of Pathology, Diagnostic Centre RH5444, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederik V's Vej 11, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jensen LH, Thougaard AV, Grauslund M, Søkilde B, Carstensen EV, Dvinge HK, Scudiero DA, Jensen PB, Shoemaker RH, Sehested M. Substituted Purine Analogues Define a Novel Structural Class of Catalytic Topoisomerase II Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2005; 65:7470-7. [PMID: 16103101 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
By screening 1,990 compounds from the National Cancer Institute diversity set library against human topoisomerase IIalpha, we identified a novel catalytic topoisomerase II inhibitor NSC35866, a S6-substituted analogue of thioguanine. In addition to inhibiting the DNA strand passage reaction of human topoisomerase IIalpha, NSC35866 also inhibited its ATPase reaction. NSC35866 primarily inhibited DNA-stimulated ATPase activity, whereas DNA-independent ATPase activity was less sensitive to inhibition. We compared the mode of topoisomerase II ATPase inhibition induced by NSC35866 with that of 12 other substituted purine analogues of different chemical classes. The ability of thiopurines with free SH functionalities to inhibit topoisomerase II ATPase activity was completely abolished by DTT, suggesting that these thiopurines inhibit topoisomerase II ATPase activity by covalently modifying free cysteine residues. In contrast, NSC35866 as well as two O6-substituted guanine analogues, O6-benzylguanine and NU2058, could inhibit topoisomerase II ATPase activity in the presence of DTT, indicating that they have a different mechanism of inhibition. NSC35866 did not increase the level of topoisomerase II covalent cleavable complexes with DNA, indicating that it is a catalytic inhibitor and not a poison. NSC35866 was also capable of inducing a salt-stable complex of topoisomerase II on closed circular DNA. In accordance with these biochemical data, NSC35866 could antagonize etoposide-induced cytotoxicity and DNA breaks in human and murine cancer cells, confirming that NSC35866 also functions as a catalytic topoisomerase II inhibitor in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars H Jensen
- Department of Pathology, Diagnostic Centre, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vaughn J, Huang S, Wessel I, Sorensen TK, Hsieh T, Jensen LH, Jensen PB, Sehested M, Nitiss JL. Stability of the topoisomerase II closed clamp conformation may influence DNA-stimulated ATP hydrolysis. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:11920-9. [PMID: 15647268 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411841200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II DNA topoisomerases catalyze changes in DNA topology and use nucleotide binding and hydrolysis to control conformational changes required for the enzyme reaction. We examined the ATP hydrolysis activity of a bisdioxopiperazine-resistant mutant of human topoisomerase II alpha with phenylalanine substituted for tyrosine at residue 50 in the ATP hydrolysis domain of the enzyme. This substitution reduced the DNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis activity of the mutant protein without affecting the relaxation activity of the enzyme. A similar but stronger effect was seen when the homologous mutation (Tyr28 --> Phe) was introduced in yeast Top2. The ATPase activities of human TOP2alpha(Tyr50 --> Phe) and yeast Top2(Tyr28 --> Phe) were resistant to both bisdioxopiperazines and the ATPase inhibitor sodium orthovanadate. Like bisdioxopiperazines, vanadate traps the enzyme in a salt-stable closed conformation termed the closed clamp, which can be detected in the presence of circular DNA substrates. Consistent with the vanadate-resistant ATPase activity, salt-stable closed clamps were not detected in reactions containing the yeast or human mutant protein, vanadate, and ATP. Similarly, ADP trapped wild-type topoisomerase II as a closed clamp, but could not trap either the human or yeast mutant enzymes. Our results demonstrate that bisdioxopiperazine-resistant mutants exhibit a difference in the stability of the closed clamp formed by the enzyme and that this difference in stability may lead to a loss of DNA-stimulated ATPase. We suggest that the DNA-stimulated ATPase of topoisomerase II is intimately connected with steps that occur while the N-terminal domain of the enzyme is dimerized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerrylaine Vaughn
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jensen LH, Dejligbjerg M, Hansen LT, Grauslund M, Jensen PB, Sehested M. Characterisation of cytotoxicity and DNA damage induced by the topoisomerase II-directed bisdioxopiperazine anti-cancer agent ICRF-187 (dexrazoxane) in yeast and mammalian cells. BMC Pharmacol 2004; 4:31. [PMID: 15575955 PMCID: PMC545072 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-4-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2004] [Accepted: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bisdioxopiperazine anti-cancer agents are inhibitors of eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase II, sequestering this protein as a non-covalent protein clamp on DNA. It has been suggested that such complexes on DNA represents a novel form of DNA damage to cells. In this report, we characterise the cytotoxicity and DNA damage induced by the bisdioxopiperazine ICRF-187 by a combination of genetic and molecular approaches. In addition, the well-established topoisomerase II poison m-AMSA is used for comparison. Results By utilizing a panel of Saccharomyces cerevisiae single-gene deletion strains, homologous recombination was identified as the most important DNA repair pathway determining the sensitivity towards ICRF-187. However, sensitivity towards m-AMSA depended much more on this pathway. In contrast, disrupting the post replication repair pathway only affected sensitivity towards m-AMSA. Homologous recombination (HR) defective irs1SF chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells showed increased sensitivity towards ICRF-187, while their sensitivity towards m-AMSA was increased even more. Furthermore, complementation of the XRCC3 deficiency in irs1SF cells fully abrogated hypersensitivity towards both drugs. DNA-PKcs deficient V3-3 CHO cells having reduced levels of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) showed slightly increased sensitivity to both drugs. While exposure of human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) OC-NYH cells to m-AMSA strongly induced γH2AX, exposure to ICRF-187 resulted in much less induction, showing that ICRF-187 generates fewer DNA double strand breaks than m-AMSA. Accordingly, when yeast cells were exposed to equitoxic concentrations of ICRF-187 and m-AMSA, the expression of DNA damage-inducible genes showed higher levels of induction after exposure to m-AMSA as compared to ICRF-187. Most importantly, ICRF-187 stimulated homologous recombination in SPD8 hamster lung fibroblast cells to lower levels than m-AMSA at all cytotoxicity levels tested, showing that the mechanism of action of bisdioxopiperazines differs from that of classical topoisomerase II poisons in mammalian cells. Conclusion Our results point to important differences in the mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by bisdioxopiperazines and topoisomerase II poisons, and suggest that bisdioxopiperazines kill cells by a combination of DNA break-related and DNA break-unrelated mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars H Jensen
- Department of Pathology, Diagnostic Centre, Rigshospitalet 5444, Frederik V's Vej 11, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory of Experimental Medical Oncology, Finsen Centre, Rigshospitalet 5074, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marielle Dejligbjerg
- Department of Pathology, Diagnostic Centre, Rigshospitalet 5444, Frederik V's Vej 11, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse T Hansen
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Grauslund
- Department of Pathology, Diagnostic Centre, Rigshospitalet 5444, Frederik V's Vej 11, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter B Jensen
- Laboratory of Experimental Medical Oncology, Finsen Centre, Rigshospitalet 5074, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maxwell Sehested
- Department of Pathology, Diagnostic Centre, Rigshospitalet 5444, Frederik V's Vej 11, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rich RL, Myszka DG. A survey of the year 2002 commercial optical biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2004; 16:351-82. [PMID: 14732928 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have compiled 819 articles published in the year 2002 that involved commercial optical biosensor technology. The literature demonstrates that the technology's application continues to increase as biosensors are contributing to diverse scientific fields and are used to examine interactions ranging in size from small molecules to whole cells. Also, the variety of available commercial biosensor platforms is increasing and the expertise of users is improving. In this review, we use the literature to focus on the basic types of biosensor experiments, including kinetics, equilibrium analysis, solution competition, active concentration determination and screening. In addition, using examples of particularly well-performed analyses, we illustrate the high information content available in the primary response data and emphasize the impact of including figures in publications to support the results of biosensor analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Walker JV, Nitiss KC, Jensen LH, Mayne C, Hu T, Jensen PB, Sehested M, Hsieh T, Nitiss JL. A mutation in human topoisomerase II alpha whose expression is lethal in DNA repair-deficient yeast cells. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:25947-54. [PMID: 15037624 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m312314200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II DNA topoisomerases are ATP-dependent enzymes that catalyze alterations in DNA topology. These enzymes are important targets of a variety of anti-bacterial and anti-cancer agents. We identified a mutation in human topoisomerase II alpha, changing aspartic acid 48 to asparagine, that has the unique property of failing to transform yeast cells deficient in recombinational repair. In repair-proficient yeast strains, the Asp-48 --> Asn mutant can be expressed and complements a temperature-sensitive top2 mutation. Purified Asp-48 --> Asn Top2alpha has relaxation and decatenation activity similar to the wild type enzyme, but the purified protein exhibits several biochemical alterations compared with the wild type enzyme. The mutant enzyme binds both covalently closed and linear DNA with greater avidity than the wild type enzyme. hTop2alpha(Asp-48 --> Asn) also exhibited elevated levels of drug-independent cleavage compared with the wild type enzyme. The enzyme did not show altered sensitivity to bisdioxopiperazines nor did it form stable closed clamps in the absence of ATP, although the enzyme did form elevated levels of closed clamps in the presence of a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog compared with the wild type enzyme. We suggest that the lethality exhibited by the mutant is likely because of its enhanced drug-independent cleavage, and we propose that alterations in the ATP binding domain of the enzyme are capable of altering the interactions of the enzyme with DNA. This mutant enzyme also serves as a new model for understanding the action of drugs targeting topoisomerase II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerrylaine V Walker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Leontiou C, Lightowlers R, Lakey JH, Austin CA. Kinetic analysis of human topoisomerase IIα and β DNA binding by surface plasmon resonance. FEBS Lett 2003; 554:206-10. [PMID: 14596941 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)01172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase IIbeta binding to DNA has been analysed by surface plasmon resonance for the first time. Three DNA substrates with different secondary structures were studied, a 40 bp oligonucleotide, a four way junction and a 189 bp bent DNA fragment. We also compared the DNA binding kinetics of both human topoisomerase isoforms under identical conditions. Both alpha and beta isoforms exhibited similar binding kinetics, with average equilibrium dissociation constants ranging between 1.4 and 2.9 nM. We therefore conclude that neither isoform has any preference for a specific DNA substrate under the conditions used in these experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Leontiou
- School of Cell and Molecular BioSciences, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jensen LH, Renodon-Cornière A, Nitiss KC, Hill BT, Nitiss JL, Jensen PB, Sehested M. A dual mechanism of action of the anticancer agent F 11782 on human topoisomerase II alpha. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 66:623-31. [PMID: 12906927 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
F 11782 is a novel epipodophyllotoxin that targets eukaryotic topoisomerases and inhibits enzyme binding to DNA. While F 11782 has not been found to stabilize either topoisomerase I or topoisomerase II covalent complexes, drug treatment appears to result in DNA damage. F 11782 has also been shown to inhibit the DNA nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. Bisdioxopiperazine-resistant small cell lung cancer (SCLC) OC-NYH/Y165S and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) CHO/159-1 cells having functional Y49F and Y165S mutations in the topoisomerase II alpha isoform were both resistant to F 11782. The catalytic activity of purified human Y50F and Y165S mutant topoisomerase II alpha (Y50F in the human protein corresponds to Y49F in the CHO protein) was likewise resistant to the inhibitory action of F 11782. F 11782 was also found to induce a non-covalent salt-stable complex of human topoisomerase II with DNA that was ATP-independent. F 11782 thus displays a dual mechanism of action on human topoisomerase II alpha, reducing its affinity for DNA while also stabilizing the protein bound in the form of a salt-stable complex. Our results suggest that topoisomerase II alpha is a target of F 11782 in vivo, and that F 11782 may act as a novel topoisomerase II poison.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars H Jensen
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Center, Rigshospitalet 5444, Frederik V's Vej 11, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Renodon-Cornière A, Sørensen TK, Jensen PB, Nitiss JL, Søkilde B, Sehested M, Jensen LH. Probing the role of linker substituents in bisdioxopiperazine analogs for activity against wild-type and mutant human topoisomerase II alpha. Mol Pharmacol 2003; 63:1159-68. [PMID: 12695544 DOI: 10.1124/mol.63.5.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The bisdioxopiperazines are catalytic inhibitors of eukaryotic type II DNA topoisomerases capable of trapping these enzymes as a salt-stable closed-clamp complex on circular DNA. The various bisdioxopiperazine analogs differ from each other because of structural differences in the linker connecting the two dioxopiperazine rings. Although the composition of this linker region has been found to be important for potency, the structural basis for this is largely unknown. To elucidate the role of the linker region in drug action, we have analyzed the effect of different linker substituents in otherwise identical analogs by studying their interaction with wild-type and mutant human topoisomerase II alpha. Two mutations, L169I and R162Q, displayed differential sensitivity toward closely related analogs, suggesting that the linker region in these compounds plays a highly specific role in protein drug interaction. The finding that the L169I mutation, which probably represents a subtle structural change, was sufficient to confer resistance further emphases the importance of this region of the protein for bisdioxopiperazine inhibition of topoisomerase II. Comparing the sensitivity profiles of different bisdioxopiperazines against wild-type and mutant proteins with that of mitindomide, we observed a spectrum of sensitivity closely resembling that of ICRF-154, a bisdioxopiperazine with no linker substituents. We discuss the implications of these observations for the understanding of the mechanism of bisdioxopiperazine action on topoisomerase II.
Collapse
|