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Orelle C, Schmitt L, Jault JM. Waste or die: The price to pay to stay alive. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:233-241. [PMID: 36192292 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms need to constantly exchange with their habitat to capture nutrients and expel toxic compounds. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, a family of membrane proteins especially abundant in microorganisms, are at the core of these processes. Due to their extraordinary ability to expel structurally unrelated compounds, some transporters play a protective role in different organisms. Yet, the downside of these multidrug transporters is their entanglement in the resistance to therapeutic treatments. Intriguingly, some multidrug ABC transporters show a high level of ATPase activity, even in the absence of transported substrates. Although this basal ATPase activity might seem a waste, we surmise that this inherent capacity allows multidrug transporters to promptly translocate any bound drug before it penetrates into the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Orelle
- University of Lyon, CNRS, UMR5086 'Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry', IBCP, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367, Lyon, France.
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Jean-Michel Jault
- University of Lyon, CNRS, UMR5086 'Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry', IBCP, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367, Lyon, France.
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2
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Wu SC, Wong SL. Structure-guided design of an engineered streptavidin with reusability to purify streptavidin-binding peptide tagged proteins or biotinylated proteins. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69530. [PMID: 23874971 PMCID: PMC3712923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a high-affinity streptavidin-binding peptide (SBP) tag allows the tagged recombinant proteins to be affinity purified using the streptavidin matrix without the need of biotinylation. The major limitation of this powerful technology is the requirement to use biotin to elute the SBP-tagged proteins from the streptavidin matrix. Tight biotin binding by streptavidin essentially allows the matrix to be used only once. To address this problem, differences in interactions of biotin and SBP with streptavidin were explored. Loop3-4 which serves as a mobile lid for the biotin binding pocket in streptavidin is in the closed state with biotin binding. In contrast, this loop is in the open state with SBP binding. Replacement of glycine-48 with a bulkier residue (threonine) in this loop selectively reduces the biotin binding affinity (Kd) from 4 × 10(-14) M to 4.45 × 10(-10) M without affecting the SBP binding affinity. Introduction of a second mutation (S27A) to the first mutein (G48T) results in the development of a novel engineered streptavidin SAVSBPM18 which could be recombinantly produced in the functional form from Bacillus subtilis via secretion. To form an intact binding pocket for tight binding of SBP, two diagonally oriented subunits in a tetrameric streptavidin are required. It is vital for SAVSBPM18 to be stably in the tetrameric state in solution. This was confirmed using an HPLC/Laser light scattering system. SAVSBPM18 retains high binding affinity to SBP but has reversible biotin binding capability. The SAVSBPM18 matrix can be applied to affinity purify SBP-tagged proteins or biotinylated molecules to homogeneity with high recovery in a reusable manner. A mild washing step is sufficient to regenerate the matrix which can be reused for multiple rounds. Other applications including development of automated protein purification systems, lab-on-a-chip micro-devices, reusable biosensors, bioreactors and microarrays, and strippable detection agents for various blots are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau-Ching Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sui-Lam Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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3
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Mus-Veteau I. Heterologous expression and purification systems for structural proteomics of mammalian membrane proteins. Comp Funct Genomics 2010; 3:511-7. [PMID: 18629259 PMCID: PMC2448422 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2002] [Accepted: 10/14/2002] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins (MPs) are responsible for the interface between the exterior and the interior of the cell. These proteins are implicated in numerous diseases,
such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, epilepsy, hyperinsulinism, heart failure, hypertension
and Alzheimer's disease. However, studies on these disorders are hampered by
a lack of structural information about the proteins involved. Structural analysis
requires large quantities of pure and active proteins. The majority of medically and
pharmaceutically relevant MPs are present in tissues at very low concentration, which
makes heterologous expression in large-scale production-adapted cells a prerequisite
for structural studies. Obtaining mammalian MP structural data depends on the
development of methods that allow the production of large quantities of MPs.
This review focuses on the different heterologous expression systems, and the
purification strategies, used to produce large amounts of pure mammalian MPs for
structural proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Mus-Veteau
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, UMR-CNRS 6548, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose Nice cedex 2, 06108 France.
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4
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Zhou SF, Lecureur V, Guillouzo A. Structure, function and regulation of P-glycoprotein and its clinical relevance in drug disposition. Xenobiotica 2008; 38:802-32. [PMID: 18668431 DOI: 10.1080/00498250701867889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
1. P-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1), one of the most clinically important transmembrane transporters in humans, is encoded by the ABCB1/MDR1 gene. Recent insights into the structural features of P-gp/MDR1 enable a re-evaluation of the biochemical evidence on the binding and transport of drugs by P-gp/MDR1. 2. P-gp/MDR1 is found in various human tissues in addition to being expressed in tumours cells. It is located on the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells, bile canaliculi, renal tubular cells, and placenta and the luminal surface of capillary endothelial cells in the brain and testes. 3. P-gp/MDR1 confers a multi-drug resistance (MDR) phenotype to cancer cells that have developed resistance to chemotherapy drugs. P-gp/MDR1 activity is also of great clinical importance in non-cancer-related drug therapy due to its wide-ranging effects on the absorption and excretion of a variety of drugs. 4. P-gp/MDR1 excretes xenobiotics such as cytotoxic compounds into the gastrointestinal tract, bile and urine. It also participates in the function of the blood-brain barrier. 5. One of the most interesting characteristics of P-gp/MDR1 is that its many substrates vary greatly in their structure and functionality, ranging from small molecules such as organic cations, carbohydrates, amino acids and some antibiotics to macromolecules such as polysaccharides and proteins. 6. Quite a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms have been found for the MDR1 gene. These single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with altered oral bioavailability of P-gp/MDR1 substrates, drug resistance, and a susceptibility to some human diseases. 7. Altered P-gp/MDR1 activity due to induction and/or inhibition can cause drug-drug interactions with altered drug pharmacokinetics and response. 8. Further studies are warranted to explore the physiological function and pharmacological role of P-gp/MDR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-F Zhou
- Division of Chinese Medicine, School of Health Science, WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, RMIT University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia.
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5
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Magnin T, Fiez-Vandal C, Potier N, Coquard A, Leray I, Steffan T, Logez C, Alkhalfioui F, Pattus F, Wagner R. A novel, generic and effective method for the rapid purification of G protein-coupled receptors. Protein Expr Purif 2008; 64:1-7. [PMID: 18835448 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of membrane receptors and are of major therapeutic importance. Structure determination of G protein-coupled receptors and other applications require milligram quantities of purified receptor proteins on a regular basis. Recombinant GPCRs fused to a heterologous biotinylation domain were produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris. We describe an efficient method for their rapid purification that relies on the capture of these receptors with streptavidin immobilized on agarose beads, and their subsequent release by enzymatic digestion with TEV protease. This method has been applied to several GPCRs belonging to the class A rhodopsin subfamily, leading to high yields of purified proteins; it represents a method of choice for biochemical and biophysical studies when large quantities of purified GPCRs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Magnin
- LC1-UMR 7175, Institut Gilbert Laustriat, Pôle API, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch Cedex, France.
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6
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Yang Z, Liang G, Wang L, Xu B. Using a kinase/phosphatase switch to regulate a supramolecular hydrogel and forming the supramolecular hydrogel in vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:3038-43. [PMID: 16506785 DOI: 10.1021/ja057412y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized a new hydrogelator Nap-FFGEY (1), which forms a supramolecular hydrogel. A kinase/phosphatase switch is used to control the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the hydrogelator and to regulate the formation of supramolecular hydrogels. Adding a kinase to the hydrogel induces a gel-sol phase transition in the presence of adenosine triphosphates (ATP) because the tyrosine residue is converted into tyrosine phosphate by the kinase to give a more hydrophilic molecule of Nap-FFGEY-P(O)(OH)(2) (2); treating the resulting solution with a phosphatase transforms 2 back to 1 and restores the hydrogel. Electron micrographs of the hydrogels indicate that 1 self-assembles into nanofibers. Subcutaneous injection of 2 in mice shows that 80.5 +/- 1.2% of 2 turns into 1 and results in the formation of the supramolecular hydrogel of 1 in vivo. This simple biomimetic approach for regulating the states of supramolecular hydrogels promises a new way to design and construct biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimou Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering Program, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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7
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Takahashi K, Kimura Y, Kioka N, Matsuo M, Ueda K. Purification and ATPase Activity of Human ABCA1. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:10760-8. [PMID: 16500904 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m513783200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) plays a major role in cholesterol homeostasis and high density lipoprotein metabolism. Apolipoprotein A-I binds to ABCA1 and cellular cholesterol and phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholine, are loaded onto apoA-I to form pre-beta high density lipoprotein (HDL). It is proposed that ABCA1 translocates phospholipids and cholesterol directly or indirectly to form pre-beta HDL. To explore the mechanism of ABCA1-mediated pre-beta HDL formation, we expressed human ABCA1 in insect Sf9 cells and purified it. Trypsin limited-digestion of purified ABCA1 in the detergent-soluble form suggested that it retained conformation similar to ABCA1 expressed in the membranes of human fibroblast WI-38 cells. Purified ABCA1 showed robust ATPase activity when reconstituted in liposomes made of synthetic phosphatidylcholine. ABCA1 showed lower ATPase activity when reconstituted in liposomes containing phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, or phosphatidylglycerol and also showed weak specificity in acyl chain species. ATPase activity was reduced by the addition of cholesterol and decreased by 25% in the presence of 20% cholesterol. Beta-sitosterol and campesterol showed similar inhibitory effects but stigmasterol did not, suggesting structure-specific interaction between ABCA1 and sterols. Glibenclamide suppressed ABCA1 ATPase, suggesting that it inhibits apoA-I-dependent cellular cholesterol efflux by suppressing ABCA1 ATPase activity. These results suggest that the ATPase activity of ABCA1 is stimulated preferentially by phospholipids with choline head groups, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. This study with purified human ABCA1 provides the first biochemical basis of the mechanism for HDL formation mediated by ABCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takahashi
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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8
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Jidenko M, Lenoir G, Fuentes JM, le Maire M, Jaxel C. Expression in yeast and purification of a membrane protein, SERCA1a, using a biotinylated acceptor domain. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 48:32-42. [PMID: 16603381 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Revised: 02/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have recently described the final steps leading to the crystallization of a mammalian membrane protein, the rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, after heterologous expression. Here, we detail the initial steps leading to this new purification method. A biotin acceptor domain was fused at the C-terminal part of Ca2+-ATPase and a thrombin site was inserted between both coding regions. The recombinant protein was expressed under the control of a galactose-inducible promoter in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The biotinylation reaction of the protein was performed directly in vivo in yeast. After solubilization of the yeast light membrane fraction, the biotinylated protein was retained specifically using the strong biotin-avidin interaction. Finally, digestion by the protease thrombin allowed the separation of the Ca2+-ATPase from the biotinylated domain. At this step, Ca2+-ATPase is in a relatively purified form (about 40%). After a size-exclusion HPLC step, the purity of the protein is about 70%, and evaluation of the conformational changes during the catalytic cycle by monitoring the intrinsic fluorescence is demonstrated. The major advantage of this avidin procedure is the particularly good specific ATPase activity as compared with that of a purified His-tagged Ca2+-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Jidenko
- Unité de Recherche Associée 2096 of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Service de Biophysique des Fonctions Membranaires, Département de Biologie Joliot Curie, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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9
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Cai J, Gros P. Overexpression, purification, and functional characterization of ATP-binding cassette transporters in the yeast, Pichia pastoris. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1610:63-76. [PMID: 12586381 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(02)00718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is a large gene family that has been highly conserved throughout evolution. The physiological importance of these membrane transporters is highlighted by the large variety of substrates they transport, and by the observation that mutations in many of them cause heritable diseases in human. Likewise, overexpression of certain ABC transporters, such as P-glycoprotein and members of the multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) family, is associated with multidrug resistance in various cells and organisms. Understanding the structure and molecular mechanisms of transport of the ABC transporters in normal tissues and their possibly altered function in human diseases requires large amounts of purified and active proteins. For this, efficient expression systems are needed. The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris has proven to be an efficient and inexpensive experimental model for high-level expression of many proteins, including ABC transporters. In the present review, we will summarize recent advances on the use of this system for the expression, purification, and functional characterization of P-glycoprotein and two members of the MRP subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and McGill Cancer Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Sharom FJ, Liu R, Qu Q, Romsicki Y. Exploring the structure and function of the P-glycoprotein multidrug transporter using fluorescence spectroscopic tools. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2001; 12:257-65. [PMID: 11428918 DOI: 10.1006/scdb.2000.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein is an ABC protein that functions as an efflux pump for multiple drugs, natural products and peptides. It is proposed to operate as a hydrophobic vacuum cleaner, expelling non-polar compounds from the membrane bilayer to the exterior, driven by the energy of ATP hydrolysis. The nucleotide-binding domains of P-glycoprotein appear to operate by an alternating sites mechanism to power drug transport. In recent years, purification and functional reconstitution of the protein has allowed the application of fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. This approach has led to insights into the structural architecture of the P-glycoprotein molecule, and a more detailed understanding of the way in which it interacts with nucleotides and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Sharom
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
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11
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Huang X, Powers R. Validity of using the radius of gyration as a restraint in NMR protein structure determination. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:3834-5. [PMID: 11457122 DOI: 10.1021/ja005770p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Huang
- Department of Biological Chemistry Wyeth Research, 85 Bolton Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA
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