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Gonçalves YMH, Horta BAC. gmak: A Parameter-Space Mapping Strategy for Force-Field Calibration. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:605-618. [PMID: 36634285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the context of classical molecular simulations, the accuracy of a force field is highly influenced by the values of the relevant simulation parameters. In this work, a parameter-space mapping (PSM) workflow is proposed to aid in the calibration of force-field parameters, based mainly on the following features: (i) regular-grid discretization of the search space; (ii) partial sampling of the search-space grid; (iii) training of surrogate models to predict the estimates of the target properties for nonsampled parameter sets; (iv) post hoc interpretation of the results in terms of multiobjective optimization concepts; (v) attenuation of statistical errors achieved via empiric extension of the duration of the simulations; (vi) iterative search-space translation according to a user-defined scalar objective function that measures the accuracy of the force field (e.g., the weighted root-mean-square deviation of the target properties relative to the reference data). This combination of features results in a hybrid of a single- and a multiobjective optimization strategy, allowing for the approximate determination of both a local minimum of the chosen objective function and its neighboring Pareto efficient points. The PSM workflow is implemented in the extensible Python program gmak, which is made available in the Git repository at http://github.com/mssm-labmmol/gmak. Using this implementation, the PSM workflow was tested in a proof-of-concept fashion in the recalibration of the Lennard-Jones parameters of the 3-point Optimal Point Charge (OPC3) water model for compatibility with the GROMOS treatment of nonbonded interactions. The recalibrated model reproduces typical pure-liquid properties with an accuracy similar to the original OPC3 model and represents a significant improvement relative to the Simple Point Charge (SPC) model, which is the official recommendation for simulations using GROMOS force fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan M H Gonçalves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Peers Consulting & Technology, Av. Ibirapuera, 1753-18° andar, Moema, São Paulo, São Paulo 04029-90, Brazil
| | - Bruno A C Horta
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Peers Consulting & Technology, Av. Ibirapuera, 1753-18° andar, Moema, São Paulo, São Paulo 04029-90, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Intelligence, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina 88302-901, Brazil
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2
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P. Oliveira M, Hünenberger PH. Systematic optimization of a fragment-based force field against experimental pure-liquid properties considering large compound families: application to oxygen and nitrogen compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17774-17793. [PMID: 34350931 PMCID: PMC8386690 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The CombiFF approach is a workflow for the automated refinement of force-field parameters against experimental condensed-phase data, considering entire classes of organic molecules constructed using a fragment library via combinatorial isomer enumeration. One peculiarity of this approach is that it relies on an electronegativity-equalization scheme to account for induction effects within molecules, with values of the atomic hardness and electronegativity as electrostatic parameters, rather than the partial charges themselves. In a previous article [M. P. Oliveira, M. Andrey, S. R. Rieder, L. Kern, D. F. Hahn, S. Riniker, B. A. C. Horta and P. H. Hünenberger, J. Chem. Theory. Comput. 2020, 16, 7525], CombiFF was introduced and applied to calibrate a GROMOS-compatible united-atom force field for the saturated acyclic (halo-)alkane family. Here, this scheme is employed for the construction of a corresponding force field for saturated acyclic compounds encompassing eight common chemical functional groups involving oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms, namely: ether, aldehyde, ketone, ester, alcohol, carboxylic acid, amine, and amide. Monofunctional as well as homo-polyfunctional compounds are considered. A total of 1712 experimental liquid densities ρliq and vaporization enthalpies ΔHvap concerning 1175 molecules are used for the calibration (339 molecules) and validation (836 molecules) of the 102 non-bonded interaction parameters of the force field. Using initial parameter values based on the GROMOS 2016H66 parameter set, convergence is reached after five iterations. Given access to one processor per simulated system, this operation only requires a few days of wall-clock computing time. After optimization, the root-mean-square deviations from experiment are 29.9 (22.4) kg m-3 for ρliq and 4.1 (5.5) kJ mol-1 for ΔHvap for the calibration (validation) set. Thus, a very good level of agreement with experiment is achieved in terms of these two properties, although the errors are inhomogeneously distributed across the different chemical functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina P. Oliveira
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, ETH-Hönggerberg, HCICH-8093 ZürichSwitzerland+41 44 632 5503
| | - Philippe H. Hünenberger
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, ETH-Hönggerberg, HCICH-8093 ZürichSwitzerland+41 44 632 5503
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3
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Oliveira MP, Andrey M, Rieder SR, Kern L, Hahn DF, Riniker S, Horta BAC, Hünenberger PH. Systematic Optimization of a Fragment-Based Force Field against Experimental Pure-Liquid Properties Considering Large Compound Families: Application to Saturated Haloalkanes. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:7525-7555. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina P. Oliveira
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, ETH-Honggerberg, HCI, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maurice Andrey
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, ETH-Honggerberg, HCI, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Salomé R. Rieder
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, ETH-Honggerberg, HCI, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Leyla Kern
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, ETH-Honggerberg, HCI, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David F. Hahn
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, ETH-Honggerberg, HCI, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sereina Riniker
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, ETH-Honggerberg, HCI, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno A. C. Horta
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Philippe H. Hünenberger
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, ETH-Honggerberg, HCI, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Kashefolgheta S, Oliveira MP, Rieder SR, Horta BAC, Acree WE, Hünenberger PH. Evaluating Classical Force Fields against Experimental Cross-Solvation Free Energies. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:7556-7580. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Kashefolgheta
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, ETH-Hönggerberg, HCI, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marina P. Oliveira
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, ETH-Hönggerberg, HCI, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Salomé R. Rieder
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, ETH-Hönggerberg, HCI, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno A. C. Horta
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - William E. Acree
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle Drive #305070, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Philippe H. Hünenberger
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, ETH-Hönggerberg, HCI, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Prentice JCA, Aarons J, Womack JC, Allen AEA, Andrinopoulos L, Anton L, Bell RA, Bhandari A, Bramley GA, Charlton RJ, Clements RJ, Cole DJ, Constantinescu G, Corsetti F, Dubois SMM, Duff KKB, Escartín JM, Greco A, Hill Q, Lee LP, Linscott E, O'Regan DD, Phipps MJS, Ratcliff LE, Serrano ÁR, Tait EW, Teobaldi G, Vitale V, Yeung N, Zuehlsdorff TJ, Dziedzic J, Haynes PD, Hine NDM, Mostofi AA, Payne MC, Skylaris CK. The ONETEP linear-scaling density functional theory program. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:174111. [PMID: 32384832 DOI: 10.1063/5.0004445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an overview of the onetep program for linear-scaling density functional theory (DFT) calculations with large basis set (plane-wave) accuracy on parallel computers. The DFT energy is computed from the density matrix, which is constructed from spatially localized orbitals we call Non-orthogonal Generalized Wannier Functions (NGWFs), expressed in terms of periodic sinc (psinc) functions. During the calculation, both the density matrix and the NGWFs are optimized with localization constraints. By taking advantage of localization, onetep is able to perform calculations including thousands of atoms with computational effort, which scales linearly with the number or atoms. The code has a large and diverse range of capabilities, explored in this paper, including different boundary conditions, various exchange-correlation functionals (with and without exact exchange), finite electronic temperature methods for metallic systems, methods for strongly correlated systems, molecular dynamics, vibrational calculations, time-dependent DFT, electronic transport, core loss spectroscopy, implicit solvation, quantum mechanical (QM)/molecular mechanical and QM-in-QM embedding, density of states calculations, distributed multipole analysis, and methods for partitioning charges and interactions between fragments. Calculations with onetep provide unique insights into large and complex systems that require an accurate atomic-level description, ranging from biomolecular to chemical, to materials, and to physical problems, as we show with a small selection of illustrative examples. onetep has always aimed to be at the cutting edge of method and software developments, and it serves as a platform for developing new methods of electronic structure simulation. We therefore conclude by describing some of the challenges and directions for its future developments and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C A Prentice
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jolyon Aarons
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - James C Womack
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alice E A Allen
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Lampros Andrinopoulos
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lucian Anton
- UKAEA, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Bell
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Arihant Bhandari
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel A Bramley
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Charlton
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Clements
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Cole
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Constantinescu
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Fabiano Corsetti
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon M-M Dubois
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Kevin K B Duff
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - José María Escartín
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Greco
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Quintin Hill
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Louis P Lee
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Linscott
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - David D O'Regan
- School of Physics, AMBER, and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Maximillian J S Phipps
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Laura E Ratcliff
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Álvaro Ruiz Serrano
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Edward W Tait
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Gilberto Teobaldi
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Valerio Vitale
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nelson Yeung
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Tim J Zuehlsdorff
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Jacek Dziedzic
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Haynes
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D M Hine
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Arash A Mostofi
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mike C Payne
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Chris-Kriton Skylaris
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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6
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Horton JT, Allen AEA, Cole DJ. Modelling flexible protein–ligand binding in p38α MAP kinase using the QUBE force field. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:932-935. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08574b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The accuracy of quantum mechanical bespoke (QUBE) force fields for protein–ligand binding free energy calculations are benchmarked against experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T. Horton
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU
- UK
| | | | - Daniel J. Cole
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU
- UK
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7
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Allen AA, Robertson MJ, Payne MC, Cole DJ. Development and Validation of the Quantum Mechanical Bespoke Protein Force Field. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14537-14550. [PMID: 31528808 PMCID: PMC6740169 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanics force field parameters for macromolecules, such as proteins, are traditionally fit to reproduce experimental properties of small molecules, and thus, they neglect system-specific polarization. In this paper, we introduce a complete protein force field that is designed to be compatible with the quantum mechanical bespoke (QUBE) force field by deriving nonbonded parameters directly from the electron density of the specific protein under study. The main backbone and sidechain protein torsional parameters are rederived in this work by fitting to quantum mechanical dihedral scans for compatibility with QUBE nonbonded parameters. Software is provided for the preparation of QUBE input files. The accuracy of the new force field, and the derived torsional parameters, is tested by comparing the conformational preferences of a range of peptides and proteins with experimental measurements. Accurate backbone and sidechain conformations are obtained in molecular dynamics simulations of dipeptides, with NMR J coupling errors comparable to the widely used OPLS force field. In simulations of five folded proteins, the secondary structure is generally retained, and the NMR J coupling errors are similar to standard transferable force fields, although some loss of the experimental structure is observed in certain regions of the proteins. With several avenues for further development, the use of system-specific nonbonded force field parameters is a promising approach for next-generation simulations of biological molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice
E. A. Allen
- TCM
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Robertson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael C. Payne
- TCM
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Cole
- School
of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United
Kingdom
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8
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Horton JT, Allen AEA, Dodda LS, Cole DJ. QUBEKit: Automating the Derivation of Force Field Parameters from Quantum Mechanics. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:1366-1381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T. Horton
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Alice E. A. Allen
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Leela S. Dodda
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Daniel J. Cole
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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9
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Manz TA, Chen T, Cole DJ, Limas NG, Fiszbein B. New scaling relations to compute atom-in-material polarizabilities and dispersion coefficients: part 1. Theory and accuracy. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19297-19324. [PMID: 35519408 PMCID: PMC9064874 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03003d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method was developed to compute atom-in-material polarizabilities and dispersion coefficients for diverse material types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Manz
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
| | - Taoyi Chen
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
| | - Daniel J. Cole
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU
- UK
| | - Nidia Gabaldon Limas
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
| | - Benjamin Fiszbein
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
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Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Mills MJL, Hu R, Zhang R. Assessing Force Field Potential Energy Function Accuracy via a Multipolar Description of Atomic Electrostatic Interactions in RNA. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:2239-2254. [PMID: 30362754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Computational investigations of RNA properties often rely on a molecular mechanical approach to define molecular potential energy. Force fields for RNA typically employ a point charge model of electrostatics, which does not provide a realistic quantum-mechanical picture. In reality, electron distributions around nuclei are not spherically symmetric and are geometry dependent. A multipole expansion method which allows for incorporation of polarizability and anisotropy in a force field is described, and its applicability to modeling the behavior of RNA molecules is investigated. Transferability of the model, critical for force field development, is also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongna Yuan
- School of Information Science & Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zhang
- School of Information Science & Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | | | - Rongjing Hu
- School of Information Science & Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Ruisheng Zhang
- School of Information Science & Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
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11
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Bleiziffer P, Schaller K, Riniker S. Machine Learning of Partial Charges Derived from High-Quality Quantum-Mechanical Calculations. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:579-590. [PMID: 29461814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parametrization of small organic molecules for classical molecular dynamics simulations is not trivial. The vastness of the chemical space makes approaches using building blocks challenging. The most common approach is therefore an individual parametrization of each compound by deriving partial charges from semiempirical or ab initio calculations and inheriting the bonded and van der Waals (Lennard-Jones) parameters from a (bio)molecular force field. The quality of the partial charges generated in this fashion depends on the level of the quantum-chemical calculation as well as on the extraction procedure used. Here, we present a machine learning (ML) based approach for predicting partial charges extracted from density functional theory (DFT) electron densities. The training set was chosen with the goal to provide a broad coverage of the known chemical space of druglike molecules. In addition to the speed of the approach, the partial charges predicted by ML are not dependent on the three-dimensional conformation in contrast to the ones obtained by fitting to the electrostatic potential (ESP). To assess the quality and compatibility with standard force fields, we performed benchmark calculations for the free energy of hydration and liquid properties such as density and heat of vaporization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bleiziffer
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Kay Schaller
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Sereina Riniker
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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12
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Limas NG, Manz TA. Introducing DDEC6 atomic population analysis: part 4. Efficient parallel computation of net atomic charges, atomic spin moments, bond orders, and more. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2678-2707. [PMID: 35541489 PMCID: PMC9077577 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11829e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The DDEC6 method is one of the most accurate and broadly applicable atomic population analysis methods. It works for a broad range of periodic and non-periodic materials with no magnetism, collinear magnetism, and non-collinear magnetism irrespective of the basis set type. First, we show DDEC6 charge partitioning to assign net atomic charges corresponds to solving a series of 14 Lagrangians in order. Then, we provide flow diagrams for overall DDEC6 analysis, spin partitioning, and bond order calculations. We wrote an OpenMP parallelized Fortran code to provide efficient computations. We show that by storing large arrays as shared variables in cache line friendly order, memory requirements are independent of the number of parallel computing cores and false sharing is minimized. We show that both total memory required and the computational time scale linearly with increasing numbers of atoms in the unit cell. Using the presently chosen uniform grids, computational times of ∼9 to 94 seconds per atom were required to perform DDEC6 analysis on a single computing core in an Intel Xeon E5 multi-processor unit. Parallelization efficiencies were usually >50% for computations performed on 2 to 16 cores of a cache coherent node. As examples we study a B-DNA decamer, nickel metal, supercells of hexagonal ice crystals, six X@C60 endohedral fullerene complexes, a water dimer, a Mn12-acetate single molecule magnet exhibiting collinear magnetism, a Fe4O12N4C40H52 single molecule magnet exhibiting non-collinear magnetism, and several spin states of an ozone molecule. Efficient parallel computation was achieved for systems containing as few as one and as many as >8000 atoms in a unit cell. We varied many calculation factors (e.g., grid spacing, code design, thread arrangement, etc.) and report their effects on calculation speed and precision. We make recommendations for excellent performance. We parallelize the DDEC6 method to efficiently compute net atomic charges, atomic spin moments, and bond orders in diverse materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Gabaldon Limas
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
| | - Thomas A. Manz
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
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Allen AEA, Payne MC, Cole DJ. Harmonic Force Constants for Molecular Mechanics Force Fields via Hessian Matrix Projection. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 14:274-281. [PMID: 29161029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A modification to the Seminario method [ Int. J. Quantum Chem. 1996 , 60 , 1271 - 1277 ] is proposed, which derives accurate harmonic bond and angle molecular mechanics force field parameters directly from the quantum mechanical Hessian matrix. The new method reduces the average error in the reproduction of quantum mechanical normal-mode frequencies of a benchmark set of 70 molecules from 12.3% using the original method, to 6.3%. The modified Seminario method is fully automated, and all parameters are computed directly from quantum mechanical data, thereby avoiding interdependency between bond and angle parameters and other components of the force field. A complete set of bond and angle force field parameters for the 20 naturally occurring amino acids is also provided for use in the future development of protein force fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E A Allen
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Payne
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Cole
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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14
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Lošdorfer Božič A, Podgornik R. pH Dependence of Charge Multipole Moments in Proteins. Biophys J 2017; 113:1454-1465. [PMID: 28978439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrostatic interactions play a fundamental role in the structure and function of proteins. Due to ionizable amino acid residues present on the solvent-exposed surfaces of proteins, the protein charge is not constant but varies with the changes in the environment-most notably, the pH of the surrounding solution. We study the effects of pH on the charge of four globular proteins by expanding their surface charge distributions in terms of multipoles. The detailed representation of the charges on the proteins is in this way replaced by the magnitudes and orientations of the multipole moments of varying order. Focusing on the three lowest-order multipoles-the total charge, dipole, and quadrupole moment-we show that the value of pH influences not only their magnitudes, but more notably and importantly also the spatial orientation of their principal axes. Our findings imply important consequences for the study of protein-protein interactions and the assembly of both proteinaceous shells and patchy colloids with dissociable charge groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rudolf Podgornik
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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15
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Fouda A, Ryde U. Does the DFT Self-Interaction Error Affect Energies Calculated in Proteins with Large QM Systems? J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:5667-5679. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Fouda
- Department of Theoretical
Chemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ryde
- Department of Theoretical
Chemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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16
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Cole DJ, Hine NDM. Applications of large-scale density functional theory in biology. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:393001. [PMID: 27494095 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/39/393001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) has become a routine tool for the computation of electronic structure in the physics, materials and chemistry fields. Yet the application of traditional DFT to problems in the biological sciences is hindered, to a large extent, by the unfavourable scaling of the computational effort with system size. Here, we review some of the major software and functionality advances that enable insightful electronic structure calculations to be performed on systems comprising many thousands of atoms. We describe some of the early applications of large-scale DFT to the computation of the electronic properties and structure of biomolecules, as well as to paradigmatic problems in enzymology, metalloproteins, photosynthesis and computer-aided drug design. With this review, we hope to demonstrate that first principles modelling of biological structure-function relationships are approaching a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Cole
- Theory of Condensed Matter group, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK. School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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17
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Verstraelen T, Vandenbrande S, Heidar-Zadeh F, Vanduyfhuys L, Van Speybroeck V, Waroquier M, Ayers PW. Minimal Basis Iterative Stockholder: Atoms in Molecules for Force-Field Development. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:3894-912. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toon Verstraelen
- Center
for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Member of the QCMM Ghent−Brussels
Alliance, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Vandenbrande
- Center
for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Member of the QCMM Ghent−Brussels
Alliance, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Farnaz Heidar-Zadeh
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 West
Main Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Louis Vanduyfhuys
- Center
for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Member of the QCMM Ghent−Brussels
Alliance, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center
for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Member of the QCMM Ghent−Brussels
Alliance, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michel Waroquier
- Center
for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Member of the QCMM Ghent−Brussels
Alliance, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul W. Ayers
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 West
Main Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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18
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Cole DJ, Vilseck JZ, Tirado-Rives J, Payne MC, Jorgensen WL. Biomolecular Force Field Parameterization via Atoms-in-Molecule Electron Density Partitioning. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:2312-23. [PMID: 27057643 PMCID: PMC4864407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Molecular mechanics
force fields, which are commonly used in biomolecular
modeling and computer-aided drug design, typically treat nonbonded
interactions using a limited library of empirical parameters that
are developed for small molecules. This approach does not account
for polarization in larger molecules or proteins, and the parametrization
process is labor-intensive. Using linear-scaling density functional
theory and atoms-in-molecule electron density partitioning, environment-specific
charges and Lennard-Jones parameters are derived directly from quantum
mechanical calculations for use in biomolecular modeling of organic
and biomolecular systems. The proposed methods significantly reduce
the number of empirical parameters needed to construct molecular mechanics
force fields, naturally include polarization effects in charge and
Lennard-Jones parameters, and scale well to systems comprised of thousands
of atoms, including proteins. The feasibility and benefits of this
approach are demonstrated by computing free energies of hydration,
properties of pure liquids, and the relative binding free energies
of indole and benzofuran to the L99A mutant of T4 lysozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Cole
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States.,TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jonah Z Vilseck
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Julian Tirado-Rives
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Mike C Payne
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - William L Jorgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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19
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Manz TA, Limas NG. Introducing DDEC6 atomic population analysis: part 1. Charge partitioning theory and methodology. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04656h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a new atomic population analysis method that performs exceptionally well across an extremely broad range of periodic and non-periodic material types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Manz
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
| | - Nidia Gabaldon Limas
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
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20
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Limas NG, Manz TA. Introducing DDEC6 atomic population analysis: part 2. Computed results for a wide range of periodic and nonperiodic materials. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DDEC6 atomic population analysis gives excellent performance for small and large molecules, porous solids, dense solids, solid surfaces, organometallic complexes, nanoclusters, and magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Gabaldon Limas
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
| | - Thomas A. Manz
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
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21
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Jia X, Mei Y, Zhang JZH, Mo Y. Hybrid QM/MM study of FMO complex with polarized protein-specific charge. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17096. [PMID: 26611739 PMCID: PMC4661465 DOI: 10.1038/srep17096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) light-harvesting complex is now one of the primary model systems for the study of excitation energy transfer (EET). However, the mechanism of the EET in this system is still controversial. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations and the electrostatic-embedding quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics single-point calculations have been employed to predict the energy transfer pathways utilizing the polarized protein-specific charge (PPC), which provides a more realistic description of Coulomb interaction potential in the protein than conventional mean-field charge scheme. The recently discovered eighth pigment has also been included in this study. Comparing with the conventional mean-field charges, more stable structures of FMO complex were found under PPC scheme during molecular dynamic simulation. Based on the electronic structure calculations, an exciton model was constructed to consider the couplings during excitation. The results show that pigments 3 and 4 dominate the lowest exciton levels whereas the highest exciton level are mainly constituted of pigments 1 and 6. This observation agrees well with the assumption based on the spatial distribution of the pigments. Moreover, the obtained spectral density in this study gives a reliable description of the diverse local environment embedding each pigment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy and Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ye Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy and Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - John Z H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy and Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China.,Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003
| | - Yan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy and Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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22
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Mei Y, Simmonett AC, Pickard FC, DiStasio RA, Brooks BR, Shao Y. Numerical study on the partitioning of the molecular polarizability into fluctuating charge and induced atomic dipole contributions. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:5865-82. [PMID: 25945749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to carry out a detailed analysis of the molecular static polarizability, which is the response of the molecule to a uniform external electric field, the molecular polarizability was computed using the finite-difference method for 21 small molecules, using density functional theory. Within nine charge population schemes (Löwdin, Mulliken, Becke, Hirshfeld, CM5, Hirshfeld-I, NPA, CHELPG, MK-ESP) in common use, the charge fluctuation contribution is found to dominate the molecular polarizability, with its ratio ranging from 59.9% with the Hirshfeld or CM5 scheme to 96.2% with the Mulliken scheme. The Hirshfeld-I scheme is also used to compute the other contribution to the molecular polarizability coming from the induced atomic dipoles, and the atomic polarizabilities in eight small molecules and water pentamer are found to be highly anisotropic for most atoms. Overall, the results suggest that (a) more emphasis probably should be placed on the charge fluctuation terms in future polarizable force field development and (b) an anisotropic polarizability might be more suitable than an isotropic one in polarizable force fields based entirely or partially on the induced atomic dipoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Mei
- †State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,‡NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China.,⊥Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 5635 Fishers Lane, T-900 Suite, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Andrew C Simmonett
- ⊥Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 5635 Fishers Lane, T-900 Suite, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Frank C Pickard
- ⊥Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 5635 Fishers Lane, T-900 Suite, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Robert A DiStasio
- §Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Bernard R Brooks
- ⊥Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 5635 Fishers Lane, T-900 Suite, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Yihan Shao
- ∥Q-Chem Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, United States
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23
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Lee LP, Limas NG, Cole DJ, Payne MC, Skylaris CK, Manz TA. Expanding the Scope of Density Derived Electrostatic and Chemical Charge Partitioning to Thousands of Atoms. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:5377-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ct500766v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis P. Lee
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Nidia Gabaldon Limas
- Chemical & Materials Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003-8001, United States
| | - Daniel J. Cole
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Mike C. Payne
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Chris-Kriton Skylaris
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Manz
- Chemical & Materials Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003-8001, United States
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24
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Lever G, Cole DJ, Lonsdale R, Ranaghan KE, Wales DJ, Mulholland AJ, Skylaris CK, Payne MC. Large-Scale Density Functional Theory Transition State Searching in Enzymes. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3614-9. [PMID: 26278727 DOI: 10.1021/jz5018703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Linear-scaling quantum mechanical density functional theory calculations have been applied to study the rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate in large-scale models of the Bacillus subtilis chorismate mutase enzyme. By treating up to 2000 atoms at a consistent quantum mechanical level of theory, we obtain an unbiased, almost parameter-free description of the transition state geometry and energetics. The activation energy barrier is calculated to be lowered by 10.5 kcal mol(-1) in the enzyme, compared with the equivalent reaction in water, which is in good agreement with experiment. Natural bond orbital analysis identifies a number of active site residues that are important for transition state stabilization in chorismate mutase. This benchmark study demonstrates that linear-scaling density functional theory techniques are capable of simulating entire enzymes at the ab initio quantum mechanical level of accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Lever
- †Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Cole
- †Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Richard Lonsdale
- ¶Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Kara E Ranaghan
- ¶Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - David J Wales
- §University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J Mulholland
- ¶Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Chris-Kriton Skylaris
- ∥School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mike C Payne
- †Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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25
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Ji C, Mei Y. Some practical approaches to treating electrostatic polarization of proteins. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2795-803. [PMID: 24883956 DOI: 10.1021/ar500094n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Conspectus Electrostatic interaction plays a significant role in determining many properties of biomolecules, which exist and function in aqueous solution, a highly polar environment. For example, proteins are composed of amino acids with charged, polar, and nonpolar side chains and their specific electrostatic properties are fundamental to the structure and function of proteins. An important issue that arises in computational study of biomolecular interaction and dynamics based on classical force field is lack of polarization. Polarization is a phenomenon in which the charge distribution of an isolated molecule will be distorted when interacting with another molecule or presented in an external electric field. The distortion of charge distribution is intended to lower the overall energy of the molecular system, which is counter balanced by the increased internal energy of individual molecules due to the distorted charge distributions. The amount of the charge redistribution, which characterizes the polarizability of a molecule, is determined by the level of the charge distortion. Polarization is inherently quantum mechanical, and therefore classical force fields with fixed atomic charges are incapable of capturing this important effect. As a result, simulation studies based on popular force fields, AMBER, CHARMM, etc., lack the polarization effect, which is a widely known deficiency in most computational studies of biomolecules today. Many efforts have been devoted to remedy this deficiency, such as adding additional movable charge on the atom, allowing atomic charges to fluctuate, or including induced multipoles. Although various successes have been achieved and progress at various levels has been reported over the past decades, the issue of lacking polarization in force field based simulations is far from over. For example, some of these methods do not always give converged results, and other methods require huge computational cost. This Account reviews recent work on developing polarized and polarizable force fields based on fragment quantum mechanical calculations for proteins. The methods described here are based on quantum mechanical calculations of proteins in solution, but with a different level of rigor and different computational efficiency for the molecular dynamics applications. In the general approach, a fragment quantum mechanical calculation for protein with implicit solvation is carried out to derive a polarized protein-specific charge (PPC) for any given protein structure. The PPC correctly reflects the polarization state of the protein in a given conformation, and it can also be dynamically changed as the protein changes conformation in dynamics simulations. Another approach that is computationally more efficient is the effective polarizable bond method in which only polar bonds or groups can be polarized and their polarizabilities are predetermined from quantum mechanical calculations of these groups in external electric fields. Both methods can be employed for applications in various situations by taking advantage of their unique features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changge Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ye Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
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26
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Cole DJ, Chin AW, Hine NDM, Haynes PD, Payne MC. Toward Ab Initio Optical Spectroscopy of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson Complex. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:4206-4212. [PMID: 26296166 DOI: 10.1021/jz402000c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present progress toward a first-principles parametrization of the Hamiltonian of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson pigment-protein complex, a molecule that has become key to understanding the role of quantum dynamics in photosynthetic exciton energy transfer. To this end, we have performed fully quantum mechanical calculations on each of the seven bacteriochlorophyll pigments that make up the complex, including a significant proportion of their protein environment (more than 2000 atoms), using linear-scaling density functional theory exploiting a recent development for the computation of excited states. Local pigment transition energies and interpigment coupling between optical transitions have been calculated and are in good agreement with the literature consensus. Comparisons between simulated and experimental optical spectra point toward future work that may help to elucidate important design principles in these nanoscale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Cole
- †TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Alex W Chin
- †TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D M Hine
- †TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- §Departments of Materials and Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Haynes
- §Departments of Materials and Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mike C Payne
- †TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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