1
|
Buttarazzi E, Inchingolo A, Pedron D, Alberto ME, Collini E, Petrone A. Conformational and environmental effects on the electronic and vibrational properties of dyes for solar cell devices. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:204301. [PMID: 38785282 DOI: 10.1063/5.0207770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The main challenge for solar cell devices is harvesting photons beyond the visible by reaching the red-edge (650-780 nm). Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) devices combine the optical absorption and the charge separation processes by the association of a sensitizer as a light-absorbing material (dye molecules, whose absorption can be tuned and designed) with a wide band gap nanostructured semiconductor. Conformational and environmental effects (i.e., solvent, pH) can drastically influence the photophysical properties of molecular dyes. This study proposes a combined experimental and computational approach for the comprehensive investigation of the electronic and vibrational properties of a unique class of organic dye compounds belonging to the family of red-absorbing dyes, known as squaraines. Our focus lies on elucidating the intricate interplay between the molecular structure, vibrational dynamics, and optical properties of squaraines using state-of-the-art density functional theory calculations and spectroscopic techniques. Through systematic vibrational and optical analyses, we show that (i) the main absorption peak in the visible range is influenced by the conformational and protonation equilibria, (ii) the solvent polarity tunes the position of the UV-vis absorption, and (iii) the vibrational spectroscopy techniques (infrared and Raman) can be used as informative tools to distinguish between different conformations and protonation states. This comprehensive understanding offers valuable insights into the design and optimization of squaraine-based DSSCs for enhanced solar energy conversion efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Buttarazzi
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Inchingolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Danilo Pedron
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Erminia Alberto
- Department of Chemical and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci ed. 12/C, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo ed. 6, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ribeiro RB, Varella MTDN. Excited state properties of an A-D-A non-fullerene electron acceptor: a LC-TD-DFTB study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12993-13005. [PMID: 38639076 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06166c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Understanding charge transfer processes is essential to estimate the performance of organic photovoltaic technologies. Although experimental production is on the rise, predictability strongly relies on theoretical modeling, which is limited to the size of semiconductors. As a computationally favorable approach, we benchmarked the long-range corrected (LC) time-dependent (TD) formulation of the semi-empirical density functional-based tight-binding method (DFTB) for three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and studied the DTP-IC-4Ph molecule, a PAH-based non-fullerene electron acceptor (NFA) with an A-D-A backbone structure. After a thorough investigation into the long-range parameter (ω) tuning for naphthalene, anthracene and pyrene, the excitation energies, oscillator strengths and Natural Transition Orbitals (NTOs) were compared with the standard ωB97X-D/6-31G(d,p) level of theory and the ADC2/6-31G(d,p) multiconfigurational method. We estimated mobility-related properties of the NFA and considered 1000 thermally accessible configurations to qualitatively reproduce the experimental absorption profile and investigate the energetic disorder. Finally, we conducted a fragment-based analysis using the one-electron transition density matrix (1TDM) to determine the character of the excited states and investigate the effect of side chains on exciton formation. Our results are sensitive to the level of theory and highly dependent on the long-range parameter but suggest that the presence of alkyl chains promotes a higher average charge delocalization and allows for additional hopping mechanisms, favoring the charge transfer dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R B Ribeiro
- Rua do Matão, 1371 - Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil, 05508-090.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Avagliano D, Skreta M, Arellano-Rubach S, Aspuru-Guzik A. DELFI: a computer oracle for recommending density functionals for excited states calculations. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4489-4503. [PMID: 38516092 PMCID: PMC10952086 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06440a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) is the workhorse of computational quantum chemistry. One of its main limitations is that choosing the right functional is a non-trivial task left for human experts. The choice is particularly hard for excited state calculations when using its time-dependent formulation (TD-DFT). This is due to the approximations of the method, but also because the photophysical properties of a molecule are defined by a manifold of states that all need to be properly described. This includes not only the relative energy of the states, but also capturing the correct character, order, and intensity of the transitions. In this work, we developed a neural network to recommend functionals to be used on molecules for TD-DFT calculations, by simultaneously considering all these properties for a manifold of states. This was possible by developing a scoring system to define the accuracy of an excited state's calculation against a higher-accuracy reference. The scoring system is generalizable to any level of theory; we here applied it to evaluate the performance of common functionals of different rungs against a higher accuracy method on a large set of organic molecules. The results are collected in a database that we released and made open, providing four million data points to the community for future applications. The scoring system assigns a value between zero and one hundred to each functional for each molecule, transforming the complicated task of learning photophysical properties into a simpler regression task. We used the dataset to train a graph attention neural network to predict the scores for unseen molecules. We call this oracle DELFI (Data-driven EvaLuation of Functionals by Inference), which can be used to quickly screen and predict the ranking of functionals to calculate the optical properties of organic molecules. We validated DELFI in two in silico experiments: choosing a common functional for a series of spiropyran-merocyanine isomers and a unique functional to screen a large dataset of over 50 000 organic photovoltaic molecules, for which an extensive benchmark would be unfeasible. A corresponding web application allows DELFI to be easily run and the results to be analyzed, alleviating the hurdle of choosing the right functional for TD-DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Avagliano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto 40 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 2E4 Canada
| | - Marta Skreta
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto 40 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 2E4 Canada
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence 661 University Ave. Suite 710 ON M5G 1M1 Toronto Canada
| | | | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto 40 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 2E4 Canada
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence 661 University Ave. Suite 710 ON M5G 1M1 Toronto Canada
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto 184 College St Toronto M5S 3E4 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto 200 College St ON M5S 3E5 Toronto Canada
- Lebovic Fellow, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) 66118 University Ave. M5G 1M1 Toronto Canada
- Acceleration Consortium 80 St George St M5S 3H6 Toronto Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Crisci L, Coppola F, Petrone A, Rega N. Tuning ultrafast time-evolution of photo-induced charge-transfer states: A real-time electronic dynamics study in substituted indenotetracene derivatives. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:210-221. [PMID: 37706600 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Photo-induced charge transfer (CT) states are pivotal in many technological and biological processes. A deeper knowledge of such states is mandatory for modeling the charge migration dynamics. Real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TD-DFT) electronic dynamics simulations are employed to explicitly observe the electronic density time-evolution upon photo-excitation. Asymmetrically substituted indenotetracene molecules, given their potential application as n-type semiconductors in organic photovoltaic materials, are here investigated. Effects of substituents with different electron-donating characters are analyzed in terms of the overall electronic energy spacing and resulting ultrafast CT dynamics through linear response (LR-)TD-DFT and RT-TD-DFT based approaches. The combination of the computational techniques here employed provided direct access to the electronic density reorganization in time and to its spatial and rational representation in terms of molecular orbital occupation time evolution. Such results can be exploited to design peculiar directional charge dynamics, crucial when photoactive materials are used for light-harvesting applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Crisci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Petrone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo ed. 6, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Rega
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo ed. 6, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mandal P, Panda AN. Contrasting the excited state properties of different conformers of trans- and cis-2,2'-bipyridine oligomers in the gas phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2646-2656. [PMID: 38174437 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05313j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In this article, we present conformation-dependent photophysical and excited state properties of trans- and cis- BPY oligomers. Oligomers up to tetramers for three conformers, namely, o-, m-, and p-, are constructed and optimized at the B3LYP-D3/def2-SVPD level. The photophysical and excited state properties are interpreted in terms of UV and CD spectra at the RI-ADC(2)/def2-TZVPD level. The UV spectra of oligomers of the m-conformer show high-intensity and red-shifted UV bands compared to o- and p-oligomers. The CD spectra of p-oligomers show intense CD bands compared to o- and p-oligomers in the case of trans-structures. In contrast, oligomers of each conformer of cis-structures show high-intensity CD bands. The excited states of (BPY)2 and (BPY)4 are also characterized by analysis of one-electron transition density matrix considering three descriptors: ωCT, dexc, and PRNTO. The ωCT values of dimers are in the range of 0.06-0.32, which indicates the excited states are mainly LE states, whereas, for (BPY)4, the ωCT values range from 0.17 to 0.53, indicating the possibility of partial CT in the excited states. These observations are also explained using the NTOs and e-h correlation plots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palak Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India.
| | - Aditya N Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mandal P, Panda AN. Conformational Effect on the Excitonic States of 2-Phenylpyridine Oligomers: Ab Initio Studies and Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7898-7907. [PMID: 37703054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the effect of different conformations of 2-phenylpyridine oligomers ((PhPy)n=1-5) on the excited state properties from the results obtained at the RI-ADC(2)/def2-TZVP level. Three different conformers, namely, A, B, and C, are considered for each oligomer. All the oligomers of conformer A have linear-type structures, whereas conformers B and C form helical structures at n = 5 and n = 3, respectively. The differences in the geometries of the three conformers are reflected in the UV and CD spectra. The UV spectra of conformer A show high-intensity peaks compared to the conformers B and C, for each oligomer. While the helical oligomers of conformers B and C show high-intensity CD bands, the intensities of CD bands for all of the oligomers of conformer A are weaker. Analysis of the properties of the first five excited states in (PhPy)5 is carried out using three descriptors, and the results reveal that these are partially charge transfer states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palak Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Aditya N Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhat V, Callaway CP, Risko C. Computational Approaches for Organic Semiconductors: From Chemical and Physical Understanding to Predicting New Materials. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37141497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
While a complete understanding of organic semiconductor (OSC) design principles remains elusive, computational methods─ranging from techniques based in classical and quantum mechanics to more recent data-enabled models─can complement experimental observations and provide deep physicochemical insights into OSC structure-processing-property relationships, offering new capabilities for in silico OSC discovery and design. In this Review, we trace the evolution of these computational methods and their application to OSCs, beginning with early quantum-chemical methods to investigate resonance in benzene and building to recent machine-learning (ML) techniques and their application to ever more sophisticated OSC scientific and engineering challenges. Along the way, we highlight the limitations of the methods and how sophisticated physical and mathematical frameworks have been created to overcome those limitations. We illustrate applications of these methods to a range of specific challenges in OSCs derived from π-conjugated polymers and molecules, including predicting charge-carrier transport, modeling chain conformations and bulk morphology, estimating thermomechanical properties, and describing phonons and thermal transport, to name a few. Through these examples, we demonstrate how advances in computational methods accelerate the deployment of OSCsin wide-ranging technologies, such as organic photovoltaics (OPVs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic thermoelectrics, organic batteries, and organic (bio)sensors. We conclude by providing an outlook for the future development of computational techniques to discover and assess the properties of high-performing OSCs with greater accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Bhat
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Connor P Callaway
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sen S, Senjean B, Visscher L. Characterization of excited states in time-dependent density functional theory using localized molecular orbitals. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:054115. [PMID: 36754801 DOI: 10.1063/5.0137729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized molecular orbitals are often used for the analysis of chemical bonds, but they can also serve to efficiently and comprehensibly compute linear response properties. While conventional canonical molecular orbitals provide an adequate basis for the treatment of excited states, a chemically meaningful identification of the different excited-state processes is difficult within such a delocalized orbital basis. In this work, starting from an initial set of supermolecular canonical molecular orbitals, we provide a simple one-step top-down embedding procedure for generating a set of orbitals, which are localized in terms of the supermolecule but delocalized over each subsystem composing the supermolecule. Using an orbital partitioning scheme based on such sets of localized orbitals, we further present a procedure for the construction of local excitations and charge-transfer states within the linear response framework of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). This procedure provides direct access to approximate diabatic excitation energies and, under the Tamm-Dancoff approximation, also their corresponding electronic couplings-quantities that are of primary importance in modeling energy transfer processes in complex biological systems. Our approach is compared with a recently developed diabatization procedure based on subsystem TDDFT using projection operators, which leads to a similar set of working equations. Although both of these methods differ in the general localization strategies adopted and the type of basis functions (Slaters vs Gaussians) employed, an overall decent agreement is obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souloke Sen
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Senjean
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucas Visscher
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Benetis NP, Paloncýová M, Knippenberg S. Multiscale Modeling Unravels the Influence of Biomembranes on the Photochemical Properties of Embedded Anti-Oxidative Polyphenolic and Phenanthroline Chelating Dyes. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:212-227. [PMID: 36563093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The embedding of caffeate methyl ester, the flavonoids luteolin and quercetin, and the o-phenanthroline and neocuproine in a liquid disordered lipid bilayer has been studied through extensive atomistic calculations. The location and the orientation of these bio-active antioxidants are explained and analyzed. While the two phenanthrolines strongly associate with the lipid tail region, the other three compounds are rather found among the head groups. The simulations showcase conformational changes of the flavonoids. Through the use of a hybrid quantum mechanics-molecular mechanics scheme and supported by a profound benchmarking of the electronic excited-state method for these compounds, the influence of the anisotropic environment on the compounds' optical properties is analyzed. Influences of surrounding water molecules and of the polar parts of the lipids on the transition dipole moments and excited-state dipole moments are weighted with respect to a change in conformation. The current study highlights the importance of the mapping of molecular interactions in model membranes and pinpoints properties, which can be biomedically used to discriminate and detect different lipid environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Markéta Paloncýová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technologies and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 8, Olomouc779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Knippenberg
- Hasselt University, Theory Lab, Agoralaan Building D, 3590Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue F. Roosevelt, C.P. 160/09, B-1050Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Coppola F, Cimino P, Perrella F, Crisci L, Petrone A, Rega N. Electronic and Vibrational Manifold of Tetracyanoethylene-Chloronaphthalene Charge Transfer Complex in Solution: Insights from TD-DFT and Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7179-7192. [PMID: 36174118 PMCID: PMC9574931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between light absorption and the molecular environment has a central role in the observed photophysics of a wide range of photoinduced chemical and biological phenomena. The understanding of the interplay between vibrational and electronic transitions is the focus of this work, since it can provide a rationale to tune the optical properties of charge transfer (CT) materials used for technological applications. A clear description of these processes poses a nontrivial challenge from both the theoretical and experimental points of view, where the main issue is how to accurately describe and probe drastic changes in the electronic structure and the ultrafast molecular relaxation and dynamics. In this work we focused on the intermolecular CT reaction that occurs upon photon absorption in a π-stacked model system in dichloromethane solution, in which the 1-chloronaphthalene (1ClN) acts as the electron donor and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) is the electron acceptor. Density functional theory calculations have been carried out to characterize both the ground-state properties and more importantly the low-lying CT electronic transition, and excellent agreement with recently available experimental results [Mathies, R. A.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2018, 122 (14), 3594] was obtained. The minima of the ground state and first singlet excited state have been accurately characterized in terms of spatial arrangements and vibrational Raman frequencies, and the CT natures of the first two low-lying electronic transitions in the absorption spectra have been addressed and clarified too. Finally, by modeling the possible coordination sites of the TCNE electron acceptor with respect to monovalent ions (Na+, K+) in an implicit solution of acetonitrile, we find that TCNE can accommodate a counterion in two different arrangements, parallel and orthogonal to the C═C axis, leading to the formation of a contact ion pair. The nature of the counterion and its relative position entail structural modifications of the TCNE radical anion, mainly the central C═C and C≡N bonds, compared to the isolated case. An important red shift of the C═C stretching frequency was observed when the counterion is orthogonal to the double bond, to a greater extent for Na+. On the contrary, in the second case, where the counterion ion lies along the internuclear C═C axis, we find that K+ polarizes the electron density of the double bond more, resulting in a greater red shift than with Na+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Coppola
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Cimino
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Fulvio Perrella
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Crisci
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo ed. 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nadia Rega
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo ed. 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Centro
Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sui Biomateriali (CRIB), Piazzale Tecchio, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Forde A, Freixas VM, Fernandez-Alberti S, Neukirch AJ, Tretiak S. Charge-Transfer Luminescence in a Molecular Donor-Acceptor Complex: Computational Insights. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8755-8760. [PMID: 36099248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor molecular complexes are a popular class of materials utilizing charge-transfer states for practical applications. A recent class of donor-acceptor dyads based on the fluorescent BODIPY functionalized with triphenylamine (TPA) shows the peculiar property of dual fluorescence. It is hypothesized that instead of the sensitized charge-transfer state being optically dark, it provides an additional bright radiative pathway. Here we use time-dependent density functional theory to characterize the energetic alignment of excitonic and charge-transfer states in a BODIPY-TPA molecular complex. We observe that using a long-range exchange corrected functional in combination with state-specific solvation scheme gives a qualitatively correct alignment of the exciton and charge-transfer states and an enhancement in oscillator strength for the equilibrium solvated charge-transfer state, in agreement with experiment. This work provides rationalization of charge-transfer state emission and provides a foundation to explore charge-transfer using ab initio excited-state nonadiabatic dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Forde
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Victor M Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologiia, Univresidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD, Bernal, Argentina
| | | | - Amanda J Neukirch
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mahato B, Panda AN. Effects of Heterocyclic Ring Fusion and Chain Elongation on Chiroptical Properties of Polyaza[9]helicene: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1412-1421. [PMID: 35192355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the effect of lateral and helical extensions on the physical and chiroptical properties of azahelicenes is reported. Starting with the experimentally reported polyaza[9]helicene (9Ha), three derivatives, two with laterally fused electron-withdrawing rings and the third with larger helical length, are designed. For the excited-state properties such as UV-vis and CD spectra, performances of different DFT functionals are evaluated by comparing the energies and characters of the excited states against the ADC(2) results. CPL properties are calculated at DFT level. Among the three designed systems, pyrazine-based 9HaP shows an improved gCPL value compared to that for parent 9Ha. However, quinoxaline-based 9HaQ is found to be the worst CPL emitter with the lowest dissymmetry factor. The helically extended derivative, 11Ha, shows good CPL results, but gCPL remains smaller than that for the parent system. The CPL results are analyzed in terms of electric dipole transition moment (EDTM) and magnetic dipole transition moment (MDTM) vectors, and angles between these two vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bishwanath Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Aditya N Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brey D, Binder R, Martinazzo R, Burghardt I. Signatures of coherent vibronic exciton dynamics and conformational control in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of conjugated polymers. Faraday Discuss 2022; 237:148-167. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00014h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) signals for homo-oligomer J-aggregates are computed, with a focus on the role of structural change induced by low-frequency torsional modes along with quasi-stationary trapping effects induced...
Collapse
|
14
|
Rapp MR, Leis W, Zinna F, Di Bari L, Arnold T, Speiser B, Seitz M, Bettinger H. Bright Luminescence by Combining Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane with a Boron-Nitrogen-Doped Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Building Block. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104161. [PMID: 34918840 PMCID: PMC9306876 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel BN-doped compounds based on chiral, tetrasubstituted 4,7,12,15-[2.2]paracyclophane and NBN-benzo[ f , g ]tetracene were synthesized by Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling. Conjugated ethynyl linkers allow for electronic communication between the π-electron systems through-bond, whereas through-space interactions are provided by strong π-π overlap between the pairs of NBN-building blocks. Excellent optical and chiroptical properties in racemic and enantiopure conditions were measured, with molar absorption coefficients up to ε = 2.04·10 5 M -1 cm -1 , fluorescence quantum yields up to Φ PL = 0.70, and intense, mirror-image electronic circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence signals in the magnitude of 10 -3 for the absorption and luminescence dissymmetry factors. Computed g lum,calcd. values are matching the experimental ones. Electroanalytical data show both oxidation and reduction of the ethynyl-linked tetra-NBN-substituted paracyclophane, with an overlap of two redox processes for oxidation leading to a diradical dication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario R Rapp
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen: Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Institut für Organische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Wolfgang Leis
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen: Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Francesco Zinna
- University of Pisa Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry: Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, ITALY
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- University of Pisa Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry: Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, ITALY
| | - Tamara Arnold
- University of Tübingen: Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Institut für Organische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Bernd Speiser
- University of Tübingen: Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Institut für Organische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Michael Seitz
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen: Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Holger Bettinger
- Universität Tübingen, Inst. Org. Chem., Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hodée M, Lenne A, Rodríguez-López J, Robin-le Guen F, Katan C, Achelle S, Fihey A. Influence of (de)protonation on the photophysical properties of phenol-substituted diazine chromophores: experimental and theoretical studies. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03878h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, a series of seven push–pull systems has been designed by combining a protonable diazine heterocycle with a deprotonable phenol unit through various π-conjugated linkers (phenylene, thienylene, thienylenevinylene, and phenylenevinylene).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Hodée
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Augustin Lenne
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Julián Rodríguez-López
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Área de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Françoise Robin-le Guen
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Claudine Katan
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sylvain Achelle
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Fihey
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Sousa LE, de Paiva LSR, da Silva Filho DA, Sini G, de Oliveira Neto PH. Assessing the effects of increasing conjugation length on exciton diffusion: from small molecules to the polymeric limit. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15635-15644. [PMID: 34268543 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01263k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSC) generally contain long-chain π-conjugated polymers as donor materials, but, more recently, small-molecule donors have also attracted considerable attention. The nature of these compounds is of crucial importance concerning the various processes that determine device performance, among which singlet exciton diffusion is one of the most relevant. The efficiency of the diffusion mechanism depends on several aspects, from system morphology to electronic structure properties, which vary importantly with molecular size. In this work, we investigated the effects of conjugation length on the exciton diffusion length through electronic structure calculations and an exciton diffusion model. By applying extrapolation procedures to thiophene and phenylene vinylene oligomer series, we investigate their electronic and optical properties from the small-molecule point of view to the polymeric limit. Several properties are calculated as a function of oligomer size, including transition energies, absorption and emission spectra, reorganization energies, exciton coupling and Förster radii. Finally, an exciton diffusion model is used to estimate diffusion lengths as a function of oligomer size and for the polymeric limit showing agreement with experimental data. Results also show that longer conjugation lengths correlate with longer exciton diffusion lengths in spite of also being associated with shorter exciton lifetimes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Evaristo de Sousa
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 301, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Demétrio Antônio da Silva Filho
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia, 70919-970, Brasilia, Brazil. and Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces, EA 2528, CY Cergy Paris Université, 5 mail Gay-Lussac, 95031, Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France and Institute for Advanced Studies, CY Cergy Paris Université, 1 rue Descartes, 95000, Neuville-sur-Oise, France
| | - Gjergji Sini
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces, EA 2528, CY Cergy Paris Université, 5 mail Gay-Lussac, 95031, Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sirohiwal A, Neese F, Pantazis DA. Protein Matrix Control of Reaction Center Excitation in Photosystem II. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18174-18190. [PMID: 33034453 PMCID: PMC7582616 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a multisubunit pigment-protein complex that uses light-induced charge separation to power oxygenic photosynthesis. Its reaction center chromophores, where the charge transfer cascade is initiated, are arranged symmetrically along the D1 and D2 core polypeptides and comprise four chlorophyll (PD1, PD2, ChlD1, ChlD2) and two pheophytin molecules (PheoD1 and PheoD2). Evolution favored productive electron transfer only via the D1 branch, with the precise nature of primary excitation and the factors that control asymmetric charge transfer remaining under investigation. Here we present a detailed atomistic description for both. We combine large-scale simulations of membrane-embedded PSII with high-level quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics (QM/MM) calculations of individual and coupled reaction center chromophores to describe reaction center excited states. We employ both range-separated time-dependent density functional theory and the recently developed domain based local pair natural orbital (DLPNO) implementation of the similarity transformed equation of motion coupled cluster theory with single and double excitations (STEOM-CCSD), the first coupled cluster QM/MM calculations of the reaction center. We find that the protein matrix is exclusively responsible for both transverse (chlorophylls versus pheophytins) and lateral (D1 versus D2 branch) excitation asymmetry, making ChlD1 the chromophore with the lowest site energy. Multipigment calculations show that the protein matrix renders the ChlD1 → PheoD1 charge-transfer the lowest energy excitation globally within the reaction center, lower than any pigment-centered local excitation. Remarkably, no low-energy charge transfer states are located within the "special pair" PD1-PD2, which is therefore excluded as the site of initial charge separation in PSII. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations suggest that modulation of the electrostatic environment due to protein conformational flexibility enables direct excitation of low-lying charge transfer states by far-red light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sirohiwal
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität
Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Dimitrios A. Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Conti I, Cerullo G, Nenov A, Garavelli M. Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Photoactive Molecular Systems from First Principles: Where We Stand Today and Where We Are Going. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16117-16139. [PMID: 32841559 PMCID: PMC7901644 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Computational spectroscopy is becoming a mandatory tool for the interpretation of the
complex, and often congested, spectral maps delivered by modern non-linear multi-pulse
techniques. The fields of Electronic Structure Methods,
Non-Adiabatic Molecular Dynamics, and Theoretical
Spectroscopy represent the three pillars of the virtual ultrafast
optical spectrometer, able to deliver transient spectra in
silico from first principles. A successful simulation strategy requires a
synergistic approach that balances between the three fields, each one having its very
own challenges and bottlenecks. The aim of this Perspective is to demonstrate that,
despite these challenges, an impressive agreement between theory and experiment is
achievable now regarding the modeling of ultrafast photoinduced processes in complex
molecular architectures. Beyond that, some key recent developments in the three fields
are presented that we believe will have major impacts on spectroscopic simulations in
the very near future. Potential directions of development, pending challenges, and
rising opportunities are illustrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Conti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hegger R, Binder R, Burghardt I. First-Principles Quantum and Quantum-Classical Simulations of Exciton Diffusion in Semiconducting Polymer Chains at Finite Temperature. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:5441-5455. [PMID: 32786907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report on first-principles quantum-dynamical and quantum-classical simulations of photoinduced exciton dynamics in oligothiophene chain segments, representative of intrachain exciton migration in the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polymer. Following up on our recent study (Binder R.; Burghardt, I. Faraday Discuss. 2020, 221, 406), multilayer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree calculations for a short oligothiophene segment comprising 20 monomer units (OT-20) are carried out to obtain full quantum-dynamical simulations at finite temperature. These are employed to benchmark mean-field Ehrenfest calculations, which are shown to give qualitatively correct results for the present system. Periodic boundary conditions turn out to significantly improve earlier estimates of diffusion coefficients. Using the Ehrenfest approach, a series of calculations are subsequently carried out for larger lattices (OT-40 to OT-80), leading to estimates for temperature-dependent mean-squared displacements, which are found to exhibit a near-linear dependence as a function of time. The resulting diffusion coefficient estimates are an increasing function of temperature, whose detailed functional form depends on the degree of static disorder. With a realistic static disorder parameter (σs ≃ 0.06 eV), the diffusion coefficients decrease from D ∼ 1 × 10-2 cm2 s-1 to D ∼ 1 × 10-3 cm2 s-1, in qualitative agreement with experimental data for P3HT. The dynamical scenario obtained from our simulations shows that exciton migration in P3HT-type chains is a largely adiabatic process throughout the temperature regime we investigated (i.e., T = 50-300 K). The resulting picture of exciton migration is a coherent, but not bandlike, motion of an exciton-polaron driven by fluctuations induced by low-frequency modes. This process acquires partial hopping character if static disorder becomes prominent and Anderson localization sets in.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Hegger
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Robert Binder
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
do Casal MT, Cardozo TM. Impact of low-cost methods in the description of excimer and exciplex formation: pyrene–pyrene and pyrene–naphthalene case studies. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
21
|
Siddique F, Barbatti M, Cui Z, Lischka H, Aquino AJA. Nonadiabatic Dynamics of Charge-Transfer States Using the Anthracene–Tetracyanoethylene Complex as a Prototype. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3347-3357. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Siddique
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | | | - Zhonghua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130400, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Hans Lischka
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Adelia J. A. Aquino
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nelson TR, White AJ, Bjorgaard JA, Sifain AE, Zhang Y, Nebgen B, Fernandez-Alberti S, Mozyrsky D, Roitberg AE, Tretiak S. Non-adiabatic Excited-State Molecular Dynamics: Theory and Applications for Modeling Photophysics in Extended Molecular Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2215-2287. [PMID: 32040312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Optically active molecular materials, such as organic conjugated polymers and biological systems, are characterized by strong coupling between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom. Typically, simulations must go beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation to account for non-adiabatic coupling between excited states. Indeed, non-adiabatic dynamics is commonly associated with exciton dynamics and photophysics involving charge and energy transfer, as well as exciton dissociation and charge recombination. Understanding the photoinduced dynamics in such materials is vital to providing an accurate description of exciton formation, evolution, and decay. This interdisciplinary field has matured significantly over the past decades. Formulation of new theoretical frameworks, development of more efficient and accurate computational algorithms, and evolution of high-performance computer hardware has extended these simulations to very large molecular systems with hundreds of atoms, including numerous studies of organic semiconductors and biomolecules. In this Review, we will describe recent theoretical advances including treatment of electronic decoherence in surface-hopping methods, the role of solvent effects, trivial unavoided crossings, analysis of data based on transition densities, and efficient computational implementations of these numerical methods. We also emphasize newly developed semiclassical approaches, based on the Gaussian approximation, which retain phase and width information to account for significant decoherence and interference effects while maintaining the high efficiency of surface-hopping approaches. The above developments have been employed to successfully describe photophysics in a variety of molecular materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tammie R Nelson
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Alexander J White
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Josiah A Bjorgaard
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Andrew E Sifain
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States.,U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland 21005 , United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Benjamin Nebgen
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | | | - Dmitry Mozyrsky
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Adrian E Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Binder R, Burghardt I. First-principles quantum simulations of exciton diffusion on a minimal oligothiophene chain at finite temperature. Faraday Discuss 2020; 221:406-427. [PMID: 31596291 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00066f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
High-dimensional multiconfigurational quantum dynamics simulations are carried out at finite temperature to simulate exciton diffusion on an oligothiophene chain, representative of a segment of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polymer. The ab initio parametrized site-based Hamiltonian of Binder et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett., 2018, 120, 227401] is employed to model a 20-site system, including intra-ring and inter-ring high-frequency modes as well as torsional modes which undergo thermal fluctuations induced by an explicit harmonic oscillator bath. The system-bath dynamics is treated within the setting of a stochastic mean-field Schrödinger equation. For the 20-site excitonic system, a total of 20 Frenkel states and 248 modes are propagated using the multi-layer multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) method. The resulting dynamics can be interpreted in terms of the coherent motion of an exciton-polaron quasi-particle stochastically driven by torsional fluctuations. This dynamics yields a near-linear mean squared displacement (MSD) as a function of time, from which a diffusion coefficient can be deduced which increases with temperature, up to 5.7 × 10-3 cm2 s-1 at T = 300 K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Binder
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ullah N, Chen S, Zhao Y, Zhang R. Photoinduced Water-Heptazine Electron-Driven Proton Transfer: Perspective for Water Splitting with g-C 3N 4. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4310-4316. [PMID: 31310538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Heptazine-assembled polymeric carbon nitride (CN) materials have fascinated the research community as a photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution while less attention has been devoted to the mechanistic features of the host materials. Using excited-state nonadiabatic dynamics simulations, the molecular-level picture of the decomposition of heptazine hydrogen bonded to water molecule(s) (heptazine-water complex) into heptazinyl and hydroxyl biradical products is revealed. Dynamics simulations show that hydrogen detachment from the water molecule to the heptazine occurs within tens of femtoseconds and suggest that excited-state deactivation via N-H······O-H electron-driven proton transfer (EDPT) is the dominant and most relevant excited-state deactivation process in heptazine-water complexes leading to conical intersection. The observation of photorelaxation-induced water splitting by heptazine is proof of the water-splitting reaction principle, which presents further challenges for computational and experimental investigations of the deactivation of heptazinyl and OH biradical products for efficient hydrogen evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Ullah
- Department of Physics , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Shunwei Chen
- Department of Physics , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Physics , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
- Shenzhen Research Institute , City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- Department of Physics , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100193 , China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Roy S, Ardo S, Furche F. 5-Methoxyquinoline Photobasicity Is Mediated by Water Oxidation. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6645-6651. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saswata Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Shane Ardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Popp W, Polkehn M, Hughes KH, Martinazzo R, Burghardt I. Vibronic coupling models for donor-acceptor aggregates using an effective-mode scheme: Application to mixed Frenkel and charge-transfer excitons in oligothiophene aggregates. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:244114. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wjatscheslaw Popp
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Polkehn
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Keith H. Hughes
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL572UW, United Kingdom
| | - Rocco Martinazzo
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, v. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Popp W, Polkehn M, Binder R, Burghardt I. Coherent Charge Transfer Exciton Formation in Regioregular P3HT: A Quantum Dynamical Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3326-3332. [PMID: 31135165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast formation of charge transfer excitons (CTXs) in regioregular poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (rrP3HT) domains is elucidated by electronic structure and quantum dynamical studies of an aggregate model system comprising five stacked quaterthiophene units. Using a multistate vibronic coupling Hamiltonian parametrized by TDDFT calculations for 13 electronic states of Frenkel and CTX type, along with 78 vibrational modes, quantum dynamical simulations are carried out using the Multi-Layer Multi-Configuration Time-Dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) method. In line with time-resolved spectroscopic results [ De Sio , A. ; et al. Nat. Commun. 2016 , 7 , 13742 ], it is found that CTX formation occurs immediately upon photoexcitation, accompanied by sustained regular oscillations with a ∼22 fs periodicity. These coherent features, whose presence may seem surprising in a high-dimensional aggregate or thin film material, can be traced back to a dominant vibronic signature of CC stretch-type high-frequency modes. These vibrational signatures are found to be enhanced due to a collective vibronic response that is prompted by the initial generation of a delocalized bright exciton and its subsequent relaxation, by internal conversion, to a polaronic local exciton ground state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wjatscheslaw Popp
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Goethe University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 , 60438 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Matthias Polkehn
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Goethe University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 , 60438 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Robert Binder
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Goethe University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 , 60438 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Goethe University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 , 60438 Frankfurt , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Plasser
- Department of ChemistryLoughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Suomivuori CM, Fliegl H, Starikov EB, Balaban TS, Kaila VRI, Sundholm D. Absorption shifts of diastereotopically ligated chlorophyll dimers of photosystem I. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:6851-6858. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00616h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Excited-state properties of α- and β-ligated chlorophyll dimers of photosystem I were studied at ab initio correlated levels of theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- 0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Evgeni B. Starikov
- Graduate School of System Informatics
- Department of Computational Science
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
| | - T. Silviu Balaban
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Centrale Marseille
- UMR 7313
- 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20
| | - Ville R. I. Kaila
- Department of Chemistry
- Technical University of Munich
- D-85747 Garching
- Germany
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
- Centre for Advanced Study at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
- N-0271 Oslo
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cui ZH, Aquino AJA, Sue ACH, Lischka H. Analysis of charge transfer transitions in stacked π-electron donor-acceptor complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26957-26967. [PMID: 30325364 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04770g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Charge-transfer (CT) interactions have recently attracted enhanced interest in creating ordered ferroelectric networks of electron donors (D) and acceptors (A) and in providing the basis of functional photonic devices. In the present work, the CT character of three distinct donor-acceptor (D-A) complex interactions (pyromellitic diimide (PDI)/1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN), para-chloranil (pClA)/tetramethyl-para-phenylenediamine (TMPD) and tetracyanobenzene (TCNB)/1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene (Bpe)) has been investigated in their ground and excited states using high-level quantum chemical methods (second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC(2)) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) using a long-range corrected functional (ωB97xD)). The calculations show that the lowest electronic excitation has pronounced CT character in all the three dimers investigated. On the contrary, the ground states possess only smaller amounts of CT degree except for the pClA/TMPD complex, which has a strong amount of CT of 0.4 e. Optimization of the S1 state and calculation of the resulting vertical fluorescence transitions led to the interesting finding of a zero-energy gap for pClA/TMPD. The next smallest energy gap is computed for PDI/DAN (1 eV) followed by TCNB/Bpe (2.6 eV). The analysis of the electronic charge distribution of the D-A complex in the excited state shows a significant variation even though practically a full electron charge has been transferred from D to A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Farouil L, Alary F, Bedel-Pereira E, Heully JL. Revisiting the Vibrational and Optical Properties of P3HT: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6532-6545. [PMID: 30025204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b03814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Farouil
- LCPQ-IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UT3-Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du Colonel ROCHE, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, LAAS, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Alary
- LCPQ-IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UT3-Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Eléna Bedel-Pereira
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du Colonel ROCHE, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, LAAS, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Heully
- LCPQ-IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UT3-Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nieman R, Tsai H, Nie W, Aquino AJA, Mohite AD, Tretiak S, Li H, Lischka H. The crucial role of a spacer material on the efficiency of charge transfer processes in organic donor-acceptor junction solar cells. NANOSCALE 2017; 10:451-459. [PMID: 29227494 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07125f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic donor-acceptor junction devices composed of π-conjugated polymer electron donors (D) and fullerene electron acceptors (A) show greatly increased performance when a spacer material is inserted between the two layers (W. Y. Nie, G. Gupta, B. K. Crone, F. L. Liu, D. L. Smith, P. P. Ruden, C. Y. Kuo, H. Tsai, H. L. Wang, H. Li, S. Tretiak and A. D. Mohite, Adv. Sci., 2015, 2, 1500024.). For instance, experimental results reveal significant improvement of photocurrent when a terthiophene oligomer derivative is inserted in between π-conjugated poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) donor and C60 acceptor. These results indicate favorable charge separation dynamics, which is addressed by our present joint theoretical/experimental study establishing the beneficial alignment of electronic levels due to the specific morphology of the material. Namely, based on the experimental data we have constructed extended structural interface models containing C60 fullerenes and P3HT separated by aligned oligomer chains. Our time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations based on a long-range corrected functional, allowed us to address the energetics of essential electronic states and analyze them in terms of charge transfer (CT) character. Specifically, the simulations reveal the electronic spectra composed of a ladder of excited states evolving excitation toward spatial charge separation: an initial excitonic excitation at P3HT decomposes into charges by sequentially relaxing through bands of C60-centric, oligomer → C60 and P3HT → C60 CT states. Our modeling exposes a critical role of dielectric environment effects and electronic couplings in the self-assembled spacer oligomer layer on the energetics of critical CT states leading to a reduced back-electron transfer, preventing recombination losses, and thus rationalizes physical processes underpinning experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reed Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xie Y, Jiang S, Zheng J, Lan Z. Construction of Vibronic Diabatic Hamiltonian for Excited-State Electron and Energy Transfer Processes. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9567-9578. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b07737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xie
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Shengshi Jiang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kuo CY, Liu Y, Yarotski D, Li H, Xu P, Yen HJ, Tretiak S, Wang HL. Synthesis, electrochemistry, STM investigation of oligothiophene self-assemblies with superior structural order and electronic properties. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
35
|
Donati G, Lingerfelt DB, Petrone A, Rega N, Li X. “Watching” Polaron Pair Formation from First-Principles Electron–Nuclear Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7255-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b06419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Donati
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli ‘Federico
II’, Complesso Universitario di M. S. Angelo, via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - David B. Lingerfelt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nadia Rega
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli ‘Federico
II’, Complesso Universitario di M. S. Angelo, via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Italian Institute
of Technology, IIT@CRIB Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare,
Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Du L, Geng C, Zhang D, Lan Z, Liu C. Atomic Resolution Insights into the Structural Aggregations and Optical Properties of Neat Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:6721-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b04218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Likai Du
- Key
Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and
Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, P. R. China
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Cuihuan Geng
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- Key
Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and
Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Chengbu Liu
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hestand NJ, Spano FC. Interference between Coulombic and CT-mediated couplings in molecular aggregates: H- to J-aggregate transformation in perylene-based π-stacks. J Chem Phys 2016; 143:244707. [PMID: 26723702 DOI: 10.1063/1.4938012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectroscopic differences between J and H-aggregates are traditionally attributed to the spatial dependence of the Coulombic coupling, as originally proposed by Kasha. However, in tightly packed molecular aggregates wave functions on neighboring molecules overlap, leading to an additional charge transfer (CT) mediated exciton coupling with a vastly different spatial dependence. The latter is governed by the nodal patterns of the molecular LUMOs and HOMOs from which the electron (te) and hole (th) transfer integrals derive. The sign of the CT-mediated coupling depends on the sign of the product teth and is therefore highly sensitive to small (sub-Angstrom) transverse displacements or slips. Given that Coulombic and CT-mediated couplings exist simultaneously in tightly packed molecular systems, the interference between the two must be considered when defining J and H-aggregates. Generally, such π-stacked aggregates do not abide by the traditional classification scheme of Kasha: for example, even when the Coulomb coupling is strong the presence of a similarly strong but destructively interfering CT-mediated coupling results in "null-aggregates" which spectroscopically resemble uncoupled molecules. Based on a Frenkel/CT Holstein Hamiltonian that takes into account both sources of electronic coupling as well as intramolecular vibrations, vibronic spectral signatures are developed for integrated Frenkel/CT systems in both the perturbative and resonance regimes. In the perturbative regime, the sign of the lowest exciton band curvature, which rigorously defines J and H-aggregation, is directly tracked by the ratio of the first two vibronic peak intensities. Even in the resonance regime, the vibronic ratio remains a useful tool to evaluate the J or H nature of the system. The theory developed is applied to the reversible H to J-aggregate transformations recently observed in several perylene bisimide systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hestand
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Frank C Spano
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nachimuthu S, Chen WC, Leggesse EG, Jiang JC. First principles study of organic sensitizers for dye sensitized solar cells: effects of anchoring groups on optoelectronic properties and dye aggregation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:1071-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04877j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Efficient organic sensitizers with improved spectral properties and less aggregation have been proposed for practical DSSCs based on theoretical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santhanamoorthi Nachimuthu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chieh Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
| | - Ermias Girma Leggesse
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jyh-Chiang Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tuna D, Lefrancois D, Wolański Ł, Gozem S, Schapiro I, Andruniów T, Dreuw A, Olivucci M. Assessment of Approximate Coupled-Cluster and Algebraic-Diagrammatic-Construction Methods for Ground- and Excited-State Reaction Paths and the Conical-Intersection Seam of a Retinal-Chromophore Model. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:5758-81. [PMID: 26642989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As a minimal model of the chromophore of rhodopsin proteins, the penta-2,4-dieniminium cation (PSB3) poses a challenging test system for the assessment of electronic-structure methods for the exploration of ground- and excited-state potential-energy surfaces, the topography of conical intersections, and the dimensionality (topology) of the branching space. Herein, we report on the performance of the approximate linear-response coupled-cluster method of second order (CC2) and the algebraic-diagrammatic-construction scheme of the polarization propagator of second and third orders (ADC(2) and ADC(3)). For the ADC(2) method, we considered both the strict and extended variants (ADC(2)-s and ADC(2)-x). For both CC2 and ADC methods, we also tested the spin-component-scaled (SCS) and spin-opposite-scaled (SOS) variants. We have explored several ground- and excited-state reaction paths, a circular path centered around the S1/S0 surface crossing, and a 2D scan of the potential-energy surfaces along the branching space. We find that the CC2 and ADC methods yield a different dimensionality of the intersection space. While the ADC methods yield a linear intersection topology, we find a conical intersection topology for the CC2 method. We present computational evidence showing that the linear-response CC2 method yields a surface crossing between the reference state and the first response state featuring characteristics that are expected for a true conical intersection. Finally, we test the performance of these methods for the approximate geometry optimization of the S1/S0 minimum-energy conical intersection and compare the geometries with available data from multireference methods. The present study provides new insight into the performance of linear-response CC2 and polarization-propagator ADC methods for molecular electronic spectroscopy and applications in computational photochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Tuna
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Daniel Lefrancois
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, University of Heidelberg , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Łukasz Wolański
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology , 50370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Igor Schapiro
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg & Labex NIE, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504 , Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Tadeusz Andruniów
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology , 50370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, University of Heidelberg , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green, Ohio 43402, United States.,Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Universitá de Siena , 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Choosing an atomic basis set for TD-DFT, SOPPA, ADC(2), CIS(D), CC2 and EOM-CCSD calculations of low-lying excited states of organic dyes. Theor Chem Acc 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-015-1676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
41
|
Mewes JM, You ZQ, Wormit M, Kriesche T, Herbert JM, Dreuw A. Experimental Benchmark Data and Systematic Evaluation of Two a Posteriori, Polarizable-Continuum Corrections for Vertical Excitation Energies in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:5446-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511163y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Michael Mewes
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprechts-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhi-Qiang You
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Michael Wormit
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprechts-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kriesche
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Ruprechts-Karls University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John M. Herbert
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprechts-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Prlj A, Curchod BFE, Corminboeuf C. Excited state dynamics of thiophene and bithiophene: new insights into theoretically challenging systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14719-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01429h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ADC(2) surface hopping study of the ultrafast deactivation mechanisms for thiophene and bithiophene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Prlj
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Basile F. E. Curchod
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shi T, Li H, Tretiak S, Chernyak VY. How Geometric Distortions Scatter Electronic Excitations in Conjugated Macromolecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3946-3952. [PMID: 26276475 DOI: 10.1021/jz501912d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Effects of disorder and exciton-phonon interactions are the major factors controlling photoinduced dynamics and energy-transfer processes in conjugated organic semiconductors, thus defining their electronic functionality. All-atom quantum-chemical simulations are potentially capable of describing such phenomena in complex "soft" organic structures, yet they are frequently computationally restrictive. Here we efficiently characterize how electronic excitations in branched conjugated molecules interact with molecular distortions using the exciton scattering (ES) approach as a fundamental principle combined with effective tight-binding models. Molecule geometry deformations are incorporated to the ES view of electronic excitations by identifying the dependence of the Frenkel-type exciton Hamiltonian parameters on the characteristic geometry parameters. We illustrate our methodology using two examples of intermolecular distortions, bond length alternation and single bond rotation, which constitute vibrational degrees of freedom strongly coupled to the electronic system in a variety of conjugated systems. The effect on excited-state electronic structures has been attributed to localized variation of exciton on-site energies and couplings. As a result, modifications of the entire electronic spectra due to geometric distortions can be efficiently and accurately accounted for with negligible numerical cost. The presented approach can be potentially extended to model electronic structures and photoinduced processes in bulk amorphous polymer materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Shi
- †Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hao Li
- ‡Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- ‡Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- §Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Vladimir Y Chernyak
- †Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Filatov M, Huix-Rotllant M. Assessment of density functional theory based ΔSCF (self-consistent field) and linear response methods for longest wavelength excited states of extended π-conjugated molecular systems. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:024112. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4887087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Filatov
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Miquel Huix-Rotllant
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|