1
|
Dong J, Bian Y, Liu F, Guo G. Storage stability improvement of organophosphorus insecticide residues on representative fruit and vegetable samples for analysis. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Dong
- College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing China
- Quality and Safety Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin China
| | - Yanli Bian
- College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Fengmao Liu
- College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Gang Guo
- College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Köck-Schulmeyer M, Villagrasa M, López de Alda M, Céspedes-Sánchez R, Ventura F, Barceló D. Occurrence and behavior of pesticides in wastewater treatment plants and their environmental impact. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 458-460:466-76. [PMID: 23692851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Reports on pesticides elimination during wastewater treatment are rare since these substances are typically considered of agricultural rather than of urban origin. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the presence, removal and environmental relevance of 22 selected pesticides in three different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), paying attention not only to their occurrence and elimination but also to the toxicity of each pesticide against three aquatic micro organisms (algae, daphnia and fish) through the calculation of the so-named Environmental Relevance of Pesticides from Wastewater treatment plants Index (ERPWI). For this purpose, an analytical method based on isotope dilution on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) was optimized, allowing the determination of the 22 target pesticides in wastewater with satisfactory sensitivity (limits of detection below 30 ng/L), accuracy and precision. Concerning the results, total pesticide levels were in most instances below 1 μg/L but removal in the WWTPs was variable and often poor, with concentrations in the effluent sometimes higher than in the corresponding influent. Possible explanations for these poor or negative removal rates are, among many others considered (e.g. sampling, sample preservation, method biases, atmospheric deposition), deconjugation of metabolites and/or transformation products of the pesticides, hydrolysis, and desorption from particulate matter during wastewater treatment. The most significant pesticides in terms of concentration and frequency of detection were diazinon and diuron. These two pesticides, followed by atrazine, simazine and malathion, were also the most relevant from the environmental point of view, according to the calculated ERPWI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Köck-Schulmeyer
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Dept. Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luque N, Rubio S. Extraction and stability of pesticide multiresidues from natural water on a mixed-mode admicellar sorbent. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1248:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
5
|
Shariatgorji M, Amini N, Thorsen G, Crescenzi C, Ilag LL. μ-Trap for the SALDI-MS Screening of Organic Compounds Prior to LC/MS Analysis. Anal Chem 2008; 80:5515-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8005186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nahid Amini
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Thorsen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlo Crescenzi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leopold L. Ilag
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tollbäck J, Bigatá MB, Crescenzi C, Ström J. Feasibility of Analyzing Fine Particulate Matter in Air Using Solid-Phase Extraction Membranes and Dynamic Subcritical Water Extraction. Anal Chem 2008; 80:3159-67. [DOI: 10.1021/ac7021458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Tollbäck
- Departments of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, Stockholm, S-106 91, Sweden
| | - María Blasco Bigatá
- Departments of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, Stockholm, S-106 91, Sweden
| | - Carlo Crescenzi
- Departments of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, Stockholm, S-106 91, Sweden
| | - Johan Ström
- Departments of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, Stockholm, S-106 91, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Soriano JM, Jiménez B, Moltó JC, Font G. BEHAVIOUR OF GRAPHITIZED CARBON BLACK IN THE EXTRACTION OF POLAR NON-IONIC NITROGEN-CONTAINING PESTICIDES. A CHECKING OF HYPOTHESES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Soriano
- a Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 , Spain
| | - B. Jiménez
- a Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 , Spain
| | - J. C. Moltó
- a Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 , Spain
| | - G. Font
- a Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Obana H, Okihashi M, Akutsu K, Kitagawa Y, Hori S. Determination of neonicotinoid pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits with solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:2501-2505. [PMID: 12696927 DOI: 10.1021/jf0261102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and simple extraction method for the simultaneous analysis of five neonicotinoid insecticides has been developed. Twelve different fruit and vegetable matrixes were extracted with methanol and cleaned up using a graphitized carbon solid phase extraction cartridge loading with a 20% methanol solution. The concentrated eluate after methanol elution was then analyzed for pesticide residues by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in the APCI positive mode. The five pesticides including nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid were recovered at 70-95% at spike levels of 0.1 and 1 mg/kg in bell pepper, cucumber, eggplant, grape, grapefruit, Japanese radish, peach, pear, potato, rice, and tomato. Relative standard deviations were less than 10% for all of the recovery tests. The proposed method is fast, easy to perform, and could be utilized for regular monitoring of pesticide residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Obana
- Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinari, Osaka 5370025, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sabik H, Jeannot R, Rondeau B. Multiresidue methods using solid-phase extraction techniques for monitoring priority pesticides, including triazines and degradation products, in ground and surface waters. J Chromatogr A 2000; 885:217-36. [PMID: 10941674 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The review describes the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE) techniques for monitoring priority pesticides in ground and surface waters. The focus is on triazine herbicides and their degradation products. Data concerning the fate, occurrence, properties and extraction of triazines and their degradation products using different SPE techniques are tabulated and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Sabik
- St. Lawrence Centre, Environment Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liska I. Fifty years of solid-phase extraction in water analysis--historical development and overview. J Chromatogr A 2000; 885:3-16. [PMID: 10941664 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of an appropriate sample handling technique is a must in an analysis of organic micropollutants in water. The efforts to use a solid phase for the recovery of analytes from a water matrix prior to their detection have a long history. Since the first experimental trials using activated carbon filters that were performed 50 years ago, solid-phase extraction (SPE) has become an established sample preparation technique. The initial experimental applications of SPE resulted in widespread use of this technique in current water analysis and also to adoption of SPE into standardized analytical methods. During the decades of its evolution, chromatographers became aware of the advantages of SPE and, despite many innovations that appeared in the last decade, new SPE developments are still expected in the future. A brief overview of 50 years of the history of the use of SPE in organic trace analysis of water is given in presented paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Liska
- Water Research Institute, Nábrezie Svobodu 5, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The objective of this review is to provide updated information about the most important features of graphitized carbonaceous sorbents used for solid-phase extraction (SPE) of organic compounds from liquid natural matrices or extracts. The surface characteristics of graphitized carbon blacks and porous graphitic carbons are described which are responsible for the various types interactions (hydrophobic, electronic and ion-exchange) with analytes. The method development is given which is based on the prediction from liquid chromatographic retention data obtained using porous graphitic carbon. Emphasis is placed on their capability for trapping very polar and water-soluble analytes from aqueous samples. Comparison is made between carbon-based SPE sorbents and other reversed-phase materials such as octadecyl silicas and highly cross-linked copolymers. Especially, the difficulty encountered for the desorption of some strongly retained analytes is explained by LC data and solutions are given for optimizing the composition and volume of the desorption solution. Many examples illustrate the various common features of graphitized carbons which are the extraction of very polar analytes and multiresidue extractions. Some applications are specific to graphitized carbon black due to the presence of surface functional groups. They include the extraction of anionic compounds such as benzene and naphthalene sulfonates or acidic pesticides. Other applications are specific to porous graphitic carbon due to its flat and homogeneous surface. One example is the trace extraction of coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from other PCB congeners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Hennion
- Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique (CNRS 657), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie de Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sabik H, Jeannot R. Stability of organophosphorus insecticides on graphitized carbon black extraction cartridges used for large volumes of surface water. J Chromatogr A 2000; 879:73-82. [PMID: 10870696 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The stability of nine organophosphorus insecticides (azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, diazinon, EPN, ethion, fonofos, malathion, phosmet and parathion-methyl) was evaluated under a variety of storage conditions. Large volumes of surface water (4 l) were extracted using large-particle-size graphitized carbon black cartridges (Carbopack B 60-80 mesh). The effects of temperature, matrix type and drying of cartridges on the recovery of these contaminants, after different storage periods, were studied and compared to the conservation of surface water in bottles. After a 2-month period, all the chemicals stored on cartridges and kept at -20 degrees C remained stable, with recoveries ranging from 70 to 134%. By contrast, phosmet and EPN could no longer be recovered from the bottled surface water. Cartridges kept at -20 degrees C fared better than did those stored at 4 degrees C and 20 degrees C. The type of matrix water selected appears to have kept the target pesticides stored on cartridges from degrading, compared to the Milli-Q water, in which malathion and phosmet were unstable. The effect of the cartridges being either wet or dry made no difference in terms of improving the recovery of chemicals. After immediate surface water extraction, the most practical storage condition for the target insecticides was found to be storage on cartridges in the dark at -20 degrees C, with no drying or solvent washing of the Carbopack B material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Sabik
- St. Lawrence Centre, Environment Canada, Montreal, Quebec.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Discussion of thermodynamic data obtained by adsorption gas chromatography of hydrocarbons on a new graphitized carbon black with a high specific surface area. Chromatographia 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02490484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
14
|
Tolosa I, Douy B, Carvalho FP. Comparison of the performance of graphitized carbon black and poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) cartridges for the determination of pesticides and industrial phosphates in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 1999; 864:121-36. [PMID: 10630877 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The determination of polar and nonpolar organophosphorus compounds, triazines and their metabolites, molinate and chlorothalonil in 1 l water samples was investigated using off-line solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus and flame photometric detection. The ethylvinylbenzene-divinylbenzene copolymer (LiChrolut EN) and the commercial graphitized carbon black (GCB) of Envi-Carb were tested as solid-phase sorbents. The matrix effect was studied by extracting the compounds spiked in water samples of different types (Milli-Q, tap, salted tap water, river and sea water). The polymeric sorbent LiChrolut EN allowed the determination at low ng/l of all 40 compounds tested, except the very polar atrazine-desethyl-deisopropyl (DDA). Recoveries of compounds from the Envi-Carb sorbent are comparable to those obtained for LiChrolut EN with the exception of chlorothalonil and the more hydrophobic organophosphorus compounds (coumaphos, leptophos), which were strongly sorbed in the Envi-Carb cartridges. Envi-Carb, however, enabled the determination of DDA with a limit of detection of 14 ng/l.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Tolosa
- International Atomic Energy Agency-Marine Environment Laboratory, Monaco, Monaco.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nunes G, Barceló D, Grabaric B, Dı́az-Cruz J, Ribeiro M. Evaluation of a highly sensitive amperometric biosensor with low cholinesterase charge immobilized on a chemically modified carbon paste electrode for trace determination of carbamates in fruit, vegetable and water samples. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Hennion MC. Solid-phase extraction: method development, sorbents, and coupling with liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1999; 856:3-54. [PMID: 10526783 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 782] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to provide updated information about the most important features of the new solid-phase extraction (SPE) materials, their interaction mode and their potential for modern SPE. First, the recent developments are given in formats, phases, automation, high throughput purpose and set-up of new types of procedures. Emphasis is then placed on the large choice of sorbents for trapping analytes over a wide range of polarities, such as highly cross-linked copolymers, functionalized copolymers, graphitized carbons or some specific n-alkylsilicas. The method development is given which is based on prediction from liquid chromatographic retention data or solvation parameters in order to determine the main parameters of any sequence (type and amount of sorbent, sample volume which can be applied without loss of recovery, composition and volume of the clean-up solution, composition and volume of the desorption solution). Obtaining extracts free from matrix interferences in a few steps--one step when possible--is now included in the development of SPE procedure. New selective phases such as mixed-mode and restricted access matrix sorbents or emerging phases such as immunosorbents or molecularly imprinted polymers are reviewed. Selectivity obtained by combining two sorbents is described with the use of ion-exchange or ion-pair sorbents. Special attention is given to complete automation of the SPE sequence with its on-line coupling with liquid chromatography followed by various detection modes. This represents a fast, modern and reliable approach to trace analysis. Many examples illustrate the various features of modern SPE which are discussed in this review. They have been selected in both biological and environmental areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Hennion
- Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie de Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Monitoring of pesticides in river water based on samples previously stored in polymeric cartridges followed by on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography–diode array detection and confirmation by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
18
|
Soriano JM, Jiménez B, Redondo MJ, Moltó JC. Comparison of different sorbents for on-line liquid-solid extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of nitrogen-containing pesticides. J Chromatogr A 1998; 822:67-73. [PMID: 9810712 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
LiChrolut EN [poly(styrene-divinylbenzene), PSDVB], Carbograph (graphitized carbon black, GCB), Isolute CN (cyanopropylsilica), Isolute C2 (ethylsilica), and LiChrospher RP18 (octadecylsilica) were studied for on-line solid-phase extraction of twelve nitrogen containing pesticides from water. Determination (UV 210 nm) was performed with a Spherisorb C8 analytical column and an acetonitrile-water gradient. The mean recoveries from 50 ml ranged from 83% for RP18 to 44% for GCB, and decreased in the following order: RP18, CN, LiChrolut EN, C2, and GCB. GCB showed poor recoveries due to incomplete desorption with the acetonitrile-water gradient used, and memory effects were detected. Backflush was needed to elute selected pesticides from GCB and from LiChrolut EN. Breakthrough volumes were 50-100 ml for most selected pesticides with silica-based phases, whereas LiChrolut EN allowed larger sample volumes without observable losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Soriano
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liška I, Bı́liková K. Stability of polar pesticides on disposable solid-phase extraction precolumns. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)01038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
20
|
Mouvet C, Jeannot R, Riolland H, Maciag C. Stability of isoproturon, bentazone, terbuthylazine and alachlor in natural groundwater, surface water and soil water samples stored under laboratory conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 1997; 35:1083-1097. [PMID: 9297792 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The stability of isoproturon, bentazone, terbuthylazine and alachlor was investigated in groundwater (GrW), surface water (SuW) and soil water from the unsaturated zone (SoW). Samples fortified with a low spiking level (LSL) of about 0.3-0.5 microgram/L and a high spiking level (HSL) of about 0.9-1.3 micrograms/L were stored for 1, 2, 14 (GrW) and 30 days (SuW and SoW) at 4 degrees C in amber glass bottles without biological inhibition. The initial pesticide concentration played a significant role, the lowest concentrations being the least stable for all pesticides. Nevertheless, after 14 days of storage, no concentration had decreased significantly compared to day 0 values, except for bentazone LSL in the GrW and SuW. Significant losses of alachlor were observed only after 30 days. Terbuthylazine and isoproturon were stable for 30 days, except for a slight loss of terbuthylazine HSL in the SoW. The very poor recovery of bentazone from the SoW gave poor results for interpretation. Overall, the stability of the molecules was highest in the GrW and lowest in the SoW. For SoW, the variability of triplicate determinations at a given storage time was, in some cases, as great as the changes in mean concentrations observed over the total 30 day storage period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Mouvet
- Department of Hydrology and Transfers, BRGM, Orléans.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ferrer I, Barceló D. Stability of pesticides stored on polymeric solid-phase extraction cartridges. J Chromatogr A 1997; 778:161-70. [PMID: 9299733 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The stability of four pesticides (desethylatrazine, fenamiphos, fenitrothion and fonofos) was examined under different storage conditions after preconcentration in disposable solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges containing new polymer sorbent materials (Hysphere-1, IST EnviroLut and LiChrolut). Complete recovery for all the compounds was observed in precolumns kept at -20 degrees C for 1 month when preconcentrating 26 ml of ground water sample spiked at 10 micrograms/l. Degradation of fenamiphos and fenitrothion occurred in precolumns stored at 4 degrees C and at room temperature after 1 month. Fonofos was stable when compared to their storage in C18 precolumns. Problems in the quantification of the analytes after storage at 4 degrees C and at room temperature were encountered due to the presence of many interfering peaks in the chromatograms. Analysis of blanks with C18 precolumns was carried out, to determine the interferences. The stability of the pesticides was also examined in acidifed and non-acidified ground water in order to compare it to the stability of pesticides stored on SPE cartridges. Significant losses of fenamiphos and fenitrothion were achieved and were related to the pH of the water sample and their chemical structure. Finally, the new polymeric sorbent Hysphere-I was evaluated in terms of breakthroughs and compared with those of C18, obtaining higher recoveries for desethylatrazine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Ferrer
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, CID-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Di Corcia A, Crescenzi C, Samperi R, Scappaticcio L. Trace Analysis of Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Water: Extraction and Purification by a Carbograph 4 Cartridge, Followed by Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection, and Confirmatory Analysis by an Electrospray/Mass Detector. Anal Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ac961164u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Corcia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università “La Sapienza” di Roma, Piazza Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo Crescenzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università “La Sapienza” di Roma, Piazza Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Samperi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università “La Sapienza” di Roma, Piazza Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Luisa Scappaticcio
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università “La Sapienza” di Roma, Piazza Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rossi M, Rotilio D. Analysis of carbamate pesticides by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240200505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
24
|
Liska I, Barceló D, Grasserbauer M. Strategy for the screening of organic pollutants in a river basin — an overview of the Nitra river monitoring programme. Trends Analyt Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0165-9936(96)00054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
25
|
Determination and stability of pesticides in freeze-dried water samples by automated on-line solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)01340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
26
|
The stability of selected herbicides preconcentrated from estuarine river waters on solid-phase extraction disks. Chromatographia 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02271058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|