1
|
Li K, Resch J, Kalberer M. Synthesis and Characterization of Organic Peroxides from Monoterpene-Derived Criegee Intermediates in Secondary Organic Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:3322-3331. [PMID: 38324703 PMCID: PMC10927166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Ozonolysis of alkenes is known to produce reactive intermediates─stabilized Criegee intermediates (SCIs), and their subsequent bimolecular reactions with various carboxylic acids can form α-acyloxyalkyl hydroperoxides (AAHPs), which is considered a major class of organic peroxides in secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Despite their atmospheric and health importance, the molecular-level identification of organic peroxides in atmospheric aerosols is highly challenging, preventing further assessment of their environmental fate. Here, we synthesize 20 atmospherically relevant AAHPs through liquid-phase ozonolysis, in which two types of monoterpene-derived SCIs from either α-pinene or 3-carene are scavenged by 10 different carboxylic acids to form AAHPs with diverse structures. These AAHPs are identified individually by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. AAHPs were previously thought to decompose quickly in an aqueous environment such as cloud droplets, but we demonstrate here that AAHPs hydrolysis rates are highly compound-dependent with rate constants differing by 2 orders of magnitude. In contrast, the aqueous-phase formation rate constants between SCI and various carboxylic acids vary only within a factor of 2-3. Finally, we identified two of the 20 synthesized AAHPs in α-pinene SOA and two in 3-carene SOA, contributing ∼0.3% to the total SOA mass. Our results improve the current molecular-level understanding of organic peroxides and are useful for a more accurate assessment of their environmental fate and health impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangwei Li
- Department of Environmental
Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Julian Resch
- Department of Environmental
Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Environmental
Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Evaluation of quality and safety of beef hamburgers fortified with Ozonated Extra Virgin Olive Oil. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
3
|
Abou-Ghanem M, Nodeh-Farahani D, McGrath DT, VandenBoer TC, Styler SA. Emerging investigator series: ozone uptake by urban road dust and first evidence for chlorine activation during ozone uptake by agro-based anti-icer: implications for wintertime air quality in high-latitude urban environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:2070-2084. [PMID: 36044235 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00393c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-latitude urban regions provide a unique and complex range of environmental surfaces for uptake of trace pollutant gases, including winter road maintenance materials (e.g., gravel, rock salts, and anti-icer, a saline solution applied to roads during winter). In an effort to reduce the negative environmental and economic impacts of road salts, many municipalities have turned to agro-based anti-icing materials that are rich in organic material. To date, the reactivity of both anti-icer and saline road dust with pollutant gases remain unexplored, which limits our ability to assess the potential impacts of these materials on air quality in high-latitude regions. Here, we used a coated-wall flow tube to investigate the uptake of ozone, an important air pollutant, by road dust collected in Edmonton, Canada. At 25% relative humidity (RH) and 50 ppb ozone, γBET for ozone uptake by this sample is (8.0 ± 0.7) × 10-8 under dark conditions and (2.1 ± 0.1) × 10-7 under illuminated conditions. These values are 2-4× higher than those previously obtained by our group for natural mineral dusts, but are not large enough for suspended road dust to influence local ozone mixing ratios. In a separate set of experiments, we also investigated the uptake of ozone by calcium chloride (i.e., road salt) and commercial anti-icer solution. Although ozone uptake by pure calcium chloride was negligible, ozone uptake by anti-icer was significant, which implies that the reactivity of anti-icer is conferred by its organic content. Importantly, ozone uptake by anti-icer-and, to a lesser extent, road dust doped with anti-icer-leads to the release of inorganic chlorine gas, which we collected using inline reductive trapping and quantified using ion chromatography. To explain these results, we propose a novel pathway for chlorine activation: here, ozone oxidation of the anti-icer organic fraction (in this case, molasses) yields reactive OH radicals that can oxidize chloride. In summary, this study demonstrates the ability of road dust and anti-icer to influence atmospheric oxidant mixing ratios in cold-climate urban areas, and highlights previously unidentified air quality impacts of winter road maintenance decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Abou-Ghanem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Devon T McGrath
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | | | - Sarah A Styler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arsene C, Bejan IG, Roman C, Olariu RI, Minella M, Passananti M, Carena L, Vione D. Evaluation of the Environmental Fate of a Semivolatile Transformation Product of Ibuprofen Based on a Simple Two-Media Fate Model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15650-15660. [PMID: 36240489 PMCID: PMC9670848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Partitioning between surface waters and the atmosphere is an important process, influencing the fate and transport of semi-volatile contaminants. In this work, a simple methodology that combines experimental data and modeling was used to investigate the degradation of a semi-volatile pollutant in a two-phase system (surface water + atmosphere). 4-Isobutylacetophenone (IBAP) was chosen as a model contaminant; IBAP is a toxic transformation product of the non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen. Here, we show that the atmospheric behavior of IBAP would mainly be characterized by reaction with •OH radicals, while degradation initiated by •NO3 or direct photolysis would be negligible. The present study underlines that the gas-phase reactivity of IBAP with •OH is faster, compared to the likely kinetics of volatilization from aqueous systems. Therefore, it might prove very difficult to detect gas-phase IBAP. Nevertheless, up to 60% of IBAP occurring in a deep and dissolved organic carbon-rich water body might be eliminated via volatilization and subsequent reaction with gas-phase •OH. The present study suggests that the gas-phase chemistry of semi-volatile organic compounds which, like IBAP, initially occur in natural water bodies in contact with the atmosphere is potentially very important in some environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Arsene
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(RECENT AIR), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
| | - Iustinian G. Bejan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(RECENT AIR), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudiu Roman
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(RECENT AIR), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
| | - Romeo I. Olariu
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(RECENT AIR), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
| | - Marco Minella
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125Torino, Italy
| | - Monica Passananti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125Torino, Italy
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luca Carena
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Vione
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cardona AL, Rivela CB, Gibilisco RG, Blanco MB, Ventura ON, Teruel M. Experimental and Theoretical Kinetic Studies of the Ozonolysis of Selected Allyl Sulfides (H 2C═CHCH 2SR, R = CH 3, CH 3CH 2): The Effect of Nascent OH Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6751-6761. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro L. Cardona
- (L.U.Q.C.A), Laboratorio Universitario de Química y Contaminación del Aire, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (I.N.F.I.Q.C.), Dpto. de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cynthia B. Rivela
- (L.U.Q.C.A), Laboratorio Universitario de Química y Contaminación del Aire, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (I.N.F.I.Q.C.), Dpto. de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo G. Gibilisco
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Faculty for Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - María Belén Blanco
- (L.U.Q.C.A), Laboratorio Universitario de Química y Contaminación del Aire, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (I.N.F.I.Q.C.), Dpto. de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Oscar N. Ventura
- CCBG-Detema, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariano Teruel
- (L.U.Q.C.A), Laboratorio Universitario de Química y Contaminación del Aire, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (I.N.F.I.Q.C.), Dpto. de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Berndt T. Peroxy Radical and Product Formation in the Gas-Phase Ozonolysis of α-Pinene under Near-Atmospheric Conditions: Occurrence of an Additional Series of Peroxy Radicals O,O-C 10H 15O(O 2) yO 2 with y = 1-3. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6526-6537. [PMID: 36074727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ozonolysis of α-pinene, C10H16, and other monoterpenes is considered to be one of the important chemical process in the atmosphere leading to condensable vapors, which are relevant to aerosol formation and, finally, for Earth's radiation budget. The formation of peroxy (RO2) radicals, O,O-C10H15(O2)xO2 with x = 0-3, and closed-shell products has been probed from the ozonolysis of α-pinene for close to atmospheric reaction conditions. (The "O,O" in the chemical formulas indicates the two carbonyl groups formed in the ozonolysis.) An additional series of RO2 radicals, O,O-C10H15O(O2)yO2 with y = 1-3, emerged in the presence of NO additions of (1.7-50) × 109 molecules cm-3, whose formation can be explained via different processes starting from alkoxy (RO) radicals, such as the RO-driven autoxidation. The main closed-shell product is a substance with the composition C10H16O3, probably pinonic acid, obtained with a molar yield (lower limit) of 0.26+0.27-0.14 independent of NO. Total molar product yields accounted for up to 0.71+0.72-0.38 indicating reasonable detection sensitivity of the analytical technique applied. For the isomeric O,O-C10H15O2 radicals, an average rate coefficient k(RO2 + NO) = (1.5 ± 0.3) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 295 ± 2 K was determined. Product analysis showed a lowering in the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) by a factor of ∼2.2 when adding 5 × 1010 molecules cm-3 of NO. The comparison with former results revealed that total HOM suppression by NO in the α-pinene ozonolysis is slightly stronger than in the OH + α-pinene reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Berndt
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Newland MJ, Rea GJ, Thüner LP, Henderson AP, Golding BT, Rickard AR, Barnes I, Wenger J. Photochemistry of 2-butenedial and 4-oxo-2-pentenal under atmospheric boundary layer conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:1160-1171. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06437g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical mechanism of unsaturated 1,4-dicarbonyls proceeds predominantlyviaa ketene–enol which isomerises to a furanone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mike J. Newland
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- UK
| | - Gerard J. Rea
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
| | - Lars P. Thüner
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
| | - Alistair P. Henderson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - Bernard T. Golding
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - Andrew R. Rickard
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science
| | - Ian Barnes
- University of Wuppertal
- School of Mathematics and Natural Science
- Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Research
- Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - John Wenger
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khan MAH, Percival CJ, Caravan RL, Taatjes CA, Shallcross DE. Criegee intermediates and their impacts on the troposphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:437-453. [PMID: 29480909 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00585g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Criegee intermediates (CIs), carbonyl oxides formed in ozonolysis of alkenes, play key roles in the troposphere. The decomposition of CIs can be a significant source of OH to the tropospheric oxidation cycle especially during nighttime and winter months. A variety of model-measurement studies have estimated surface-level stabilized Criegee intermediate (sCI) concentrations on the order of 1 × 104 cm-3 to 1 × 105 cm-3, which makes a non-negligible contribution to the oxidising capacity in the terrestrial boundary layer. The reactions of sCI with the water monomer and the water dimer have been found to be the most important bimolecular reactions to the tropospheric sCI loss rate, at least for the smallest carbonyl oxides; the products from these reactions (e.g. hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide, HMHP) are also of importance to the atmospheric oxidation cycle. The sCI can oxidise SO2 to form SO3, which can go on to form a significant amount of H2SO4 which is a key atmospheric nucleation species and therefore vital to the formation of clouds. The sCI can also react with carboxylic acids, carbonyl compounds, alcohols, peroxy radicals and hydroperoxides, and the products of these reactions are likely to be highly oxygenated species, with low vapour pressures, that can lead to nucleation and SOA formation over terrestrial regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A H Khan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - C J Percival
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - R L Caravan
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Mailstop 9055, Livermore, California, 94551 USA
| | - C A Taatjes
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Mailstop 9055, Livermore, California, 94551 USA
| | - D E Shallcross
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nguyen TB, Tyndall GS, Crounse JD, Teng AP, Bates KH, Schwantes RH, Coggon MM, Zhang L, Feiner P, Milller DO, Skog KM, Rivera-Rios JC, Dorris M, Olson KF, Koss A, Wild RJ, Brown SS, Goldstein AH, de Gouw JA, Brune WH, Keutsch FN, Seinfeld JH, Wennberg PO. Atmospheric fates of Criegee intermediates in the ozonolysis of isoprene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:10241-54. [PMID: 27021601 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00053c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We use a large laboratory, modeling, and field dataset to investigate the isoprene + O3 reaction, with the goal of better understanding the fates of the C1 and C4 Criegee intermediates in the atmosphere. Although ozonolysis can produce several distinct Criegee intermediates, the C1 stabilized Criegee (CH2OO, 61 ± 9%) is the only one observed to react bimolecularly. We suggest that the C4 Criegees have a low stabilization fraction and propose pathways for their decomposition. Both prompt and non-prompt reactions are important in the production of OH (28% ± 5%) and formaldehyde (81% ± 16%). The yields of unimolecular products (OH, formaldehyde, methacrolein (42 ± 6%) and methyl vinyl ketone (18 ± 6%)) are fairly insensitive to water, i.e., changes in yields in response to water vapor (≤4% absolute) are within the error of the analysis. We propose a comprehensive reaction mechanism that can be incorporated into atmospheric models, which reproduces laboratory data over a wide range of relative humidities. The mechanism proposes that CH2OO + H2O (k(H2O)∼ 1 × 10(-15) cm(3) molec(-1) s(-1)) yields 73% hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide (HMHP), 6% formaldehyde + H2O2, and 21% formic acid + H2O; and CH2OO + (H2O)2 (k(H2O)2∼ 1 × 10(-12) cm(3) molec(-1) s(-1)) yields 40% HMHP, 6% formaldehyde + H2O2, and 54% formic acid + H2O. Competitive rate determinations (kSO2/k(H2O)n=1,2∼ 2.2 (±0.3) × 10(4)) and field observations suggest that water vapor is a sink for greater than 98% of CH2OO in a Southeastern US forest, even during pollution episodes ([SO2] ∼ 10 ppb). The importance of the CH2OO + (H2O)n reaction is demonstrated by high HMHP mixing ratios observed over the forest canopy. We find that CH2OO does not substantially affect the lifetime of SO2 or HCOOH in the Southeast US, e.g., CH2OO + SO2 reaction is a minor contribution (<6%) to sulfate formation. Extrapolating, these results imply that sulfate production by stabilized Criegees is likely unimportant in regions dominated by the reactivity of ozone with isoprene. In contrast, hydroperoxide, organic acid, and formaldehyde formation from isoprene ozonolysis in those areas may be significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tran B Nguyen
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Muñoz A, Vera T, Ródenas M, Borrás E, Mellouki A, Treacy J, Sidebottom H. Gas-phase degradation of the herbicide ethalfluralin under atmospheric conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 95:395-401. [PMID: 24139158 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The gas-phase degradation of ethalfluralin, N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-N-(2-methylallyl)-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine, a widely used herbicide, was investigated under atmospheric conditions at the large outdoor European simulation chamber (EUPHORE) in Valencia, Spain. The photolysis of ethalfluralin was investigated under solar radiation and the mean photolysis rate coefficient was determined: J(ethalfluralin)=(1.3±0.2)×10(-3) s(-1) (JNO2=8×10(-3) s(-1)). The rate coefficients for the reactions of hydroxyl radicals and ozone with ethalfluralin in the dark were also measured under atmospheric conditions using the relative rate and the absolute rate technique, respectively. The rate coefficients values for the reactions of kOH(ethalfluralin)=(3.5±0.9)×10(-11)cm(3)molecule(-1)s(-1), and kO3(ethalfluralin)=(1.6±0.4)×10(-17) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) were determined at 300±5 K and atmospheric pressure. The results show that removal of ethalfluralin from the atmosphere by reactions with OH radicals (τ ~ 4 h) or ozone (τ ~ 25 h) is slow compared to loss by photolysis. The available kinetic data suggest that the gas-phase tropospheric degradation of ethalfluralin will be controlled mainly by photolysis and provide an estimate for the tropospheric lifetime of approximately 12 min. The atmospheric implications of using ethalfluralin as a herbicide are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Muñoz
- Instituto Universitario UMH-CEAM, C/Charles R. Darwin, 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alam MS, Rickard AR, Camredon M, Wyche KP, Carr T, Hornsby KE, Monks PS, Bloss WJ. Radical Product Yields from the Ozonolysis of Short Chain Alkenes under Atmospheric Boundary Layer Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:12468-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jp408745h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Alam
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | | | - Marie Camredon
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Kevin P. Wyche
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Timo Carr
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Karen E. Hornsby
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Paul S. Monks
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - William J. Bloss
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Richters S, Berndt T. Gas-Phase Reaction of Monomethylhydrazine with Ozone: Kinetics and OH Radical Formation. INT J CHEM KINET 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Richters
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V; Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - T. Berndt
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V; Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pflieger M, Monod A, Wortham H. Heterogeneous oxidation of terbuthylazine by "dark" OH radicals under simulated atmospheric conditions in a flow tube. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:6239-6246. [PMID: 23662911 DOI: 10.1021/es3052203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the heterogeneous oxidation kinetics of the herbicide terbuthylazine (TERB), a stable and reproducible generation system of "dark" hydroxyl radical in the gas phase was developed and optimized using a PTR-MS. TERB was adsorbed on silica particles, which were coated on the walls of a flow tube. The hydroxyl radical was produced in the dark through the ozonolysis of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene (DMB). The radical concentration was determined applying two different methods of calculation based on the monitoring of (i) a gaseous compound used as a tracer, m-xylene; (ii) one of the OH radical precursors, DMB. The obtained gaseous OH radical concentration in the reactor was (9.0 ± 4.0) × 10(7) radical cm(-3). Exposing TERB to the oxidant for 1-14 h, a heterogeneous kinetic constant of kOH = (1.5 ± 0.8) × 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) was found at 26 °C and RH < 1%. As a result, the heterogeneous oxidation of TERB by OH radicals seems to be much slower (by a factor of 63) when the organic compound is present in the particulate phase than when it reacts in homogeneous gas phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Pflieger
- Aix Marseille Université , CNRS, LCE, FRE 3416, Case Courrier 29, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille Cedex 03, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Duncianu M, Olariu RI, Riffault V, Visez N, Tomas A, Coddeville P. Development of a new flow reactor for kinetic studies. Application to the ozonolysis of a series of alkenes. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:6169-79. [PMID: 22268561 DOI: 10.1021/jp211480x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new flow reactor has been developed to study ozonolysis reactions at ambient pressure and room temperature (297 ± 2 K). The reaction kinetics of O(3) with 4-methyl-1-pentene (4M1P), 2-methyl-2-pentene (2M2P), 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene (tM1P), 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene (tM2P) and α-pinene have been investigated under pseudo-first-order conditions. Absolute measurements of the rate coefficients have been carried out by recording O(3) consumption in excess of organic compound. Alkene concentrations have been determined by sampling adsorbent cartridges that were thermodesorbed and analyzed by gas-chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection. Complementary experimental data have been obtained using a 250 L Teflon smog chamber. The following ozonolysis rate coefficients can be proposed (in cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)): k(4M1P) = (8.23 ± 0.50) × 10(-18), k(2M2P) = (4.54 ± 0.96) × 10(-16), k(tM1P) = (1.48 ± 0.11) × 10(-17), k(tM2P) = (1.25 ± 0.10) × 10(-16), and k(α-pinene) = (1.29 ± 0.16) × 10(-16), in very good agreement with literature values. The products of tM2P ozonolysis have been investigated, and branching ratios of (21.4 ± 2.8)% and (73.9 ± 7.3)% have been determined for acetone and 2,2-dimethyl-propanal, respectively. Additionally, a new nonoxidized intermediate, 2-methyl-1-propene, has been identified and quantified. A topological SAR analysis was also performed to strengthen the consistency of the kinetic data obtained with this new flow reactor.
Collapse
|
15
|
Stone D, Whalley LK, Heard DE. Tropospheric OH and HO2 radicals: field measurements and model comparisons. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6348-404. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35140d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
16
|
Forester CD, Wells JR. Hydroxyl radical yields from reactions of terpene mixtures with ozone. INDOOR AIR 2011; 21:400-409. [PMID: 21470312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chamber studies were conducted to quantify hydroxyl radical (OH·) yields and to determine whether water vapor affected OH· formation in the reactions of ozone (O(3)) with a single terpene, two-component terpene mixtures, and a commercial pine oil cleaning product (POC). Solid-phase microextraction fibers (SPME) were used for sampling the terpenes and the 2-butanone formation from the hydroxyl reaction with 2-butanol as a measure of OH· yields. Analyses were performed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The individual terpenes' OH· yields from α-terpineol, limonene, and α-pinene were 64 ± 8%, 64 ± 6%, and 76 ± 6%, respectively. OH· yields were also measured from two-component mixtures of these terpenes. In each mixture that contained α-terpineol, the overall OH· yield was lower than the modeled OH· yields of the individual components that comprised the reaction mixture. Reactions of a commercial POC with O(3) were also studied to determine how the individual terpenes react in a complex mixture system, and an OH· formation yield of 51 ± 6% was measured. Relative humidity did not have a significant effect on the OH· formation in the mixtures studied here. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The data presented here demonstrate that mixtures may react differently than the sum of their individual components. By investigating the chemistry of mixtures of chemicals in contrast to the chemistry of individual compounds, a better assessment can be made of the overall impact cleaning products have on indoor environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C D Forester
- Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alam MS, Camredon M, Rickard AR, Carr T, Wyche KP, Hornsby KE, Monks PS, Bloss WJ. Total radical yields from tropospheric ethene ozonolysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:11002-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02342f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Copeland G, Ghosh MV, Shallcross DE, Percival CJ, Dyke JM. A study of the alkene–ozone reactions, 2,3-dimethyl 2-butene + O3 and 2-methyl propene + O3, with photoelectron spectroscopy: measurement of product branching ratios and atmospheric implications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:17461-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21922g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
19
|
Photolysis and Heterogeneous Reaction of Coniferyl Aldehyde Adsorbed on Silica Particles with Ozone. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:4019-27. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
20
|
Wedian F, Atkinson DB. An atmospheric pressure static reactor – ion trap mass spectrometer for studying gas-phase reactions. CAN J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1139/v10-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The design and operation of an atmospheric pressure static reactor coupled to an ion trap mass spectrometer is described. The reactor is designed for studying gas-phase reactions that are important in atmospheric chemistry. The system provides a simple and robust method for identifying the products of gas-phase reactions. Results for the reaction of O3 with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene (tetramethylethylene, TME) are demonstrated as a proof of the principle for the performance of the static reactor. All of the previously reported major primary products of the reaction were observed, and the yields of two compounds (acetone and hydroxyacetone) were quantified, in excellent agreement with previous work. Several minor species were also observed, demonstrating the potential for this method to investigate the product channels for less well-studied atmospherically relevant reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadel Wedian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tafila Technical University, P.O. Box 179, Tafila 66110, Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA
| | - Dean B. Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tafila Technical University, P.O. Box 179, Tafila 66110, Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ofner J, Krüger HU, Zetzsch C. Time Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy of Formation and Processing of Secondary Organic Aerosol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2010.6146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An aerosol flow reactor was coupled to an infrared absorption cell to study aerosol formation processes with high temporal resolution. The recorded infrared spectra were referenced using aerosol smog chamber experiments. Evaluation was done by studying the formation of secondary organic aerosol from α-pinene and catechol as precursors and ozone as oxidant. Three main infrared absorptions: ν(O-H), ν(C-H) and ν(C=O) were considered, and humic like properties of the secondary organic aerosol are mainly interpreted according to the formation and variations of carbonyl bands in the region between 1850 and 1600 cm−1, especially the ν(C=O) of aryl carbonyls from catechol oxidation products below 1700 cm−1. The relative intensities of two major ν(C=O) stretching vibrations at 1690 cm−1 and 1755 cm−1 were observed to depend strongly on the available ozone concentration. At high precursor/ozone ratios (2:1 or 1:1) the vibration at 1690 cm−1 predominates, indicating aryl carbonyl vibrations. With increasing ozone concentrations this vibration is replaced by the higher carbonyl vibration at 1755 cm−1 indicating unsaturated carbonyl-containing compounds. This is a strong hint at ring opening processes leading to unsaturated aliphatic compounds in the resulting particle. Aryl carbonyls and aromatic or olefinic ν(C=C) at 1620 cm−1 in aged particles remain visible, as aerosol smog chamber studies exhibit – thus a strong hint at humic like properties of the SOA from the spectroscopic point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Ofner
- University of Bayreuth, Atmospheric Chemistry Research Laboratory, Bayreuth, Deutschland
| | - H.-U. Krüger
- University of Bayreuth, Atmospheric Chemistry Research Laboratory, Bayreuth, Deutschland
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Winterhalter R, Herrmann F, Kanawati B, Nguyen TL, Peeters J, Vereecken L, Moortgat GK. The gas-phase ozonolysis of β-caryophyllene (C15H24). Part I: an experimental study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:4152-72. [PMID: 19458818 DOI: 10.1039/b817824k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Winterhalter
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 3060, D-55020, Mainz, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wegener R, Brauers T, Koppmann R, Rodríguez Bares S, Rohrer F, Tillmann R, Wahner A, Hansel A, Wisthaler A. Simulation chamber investigation of the reactions of ozone with short‐chained alkenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wegener
- Institut II: Troposphäre, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
| | - Theo Brauers
- Institut II: Troposphäre, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
| | - Ralf Koppmann
- Institut II: Troposphäre, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
- Now at Fachbereich C, Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Atmosphärenphysik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sonia Rodríguez Bares
- Institut II: Troposphäre, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
| | - Franz Rohrer
- Institut II: Troposphäre, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
| | - Ralf Tillmann
- Institut II: Troposphäre, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
| | - Andreas Wahner
- Institut II: Troposphäre, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institut für Ionenphysik Universität Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Institut für Ionenphysik Universität Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Le Person A, Mellouki A, Muñoz A, Borras E, Martin-Reviejo M, Wirtz K. Trifluralin: photolysis under sunlight conditions and reaction with HO* radicals. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 67:376-83. [PMID: 17166544 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Revised: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The gas phase atmospheric degradation of trifluralin (a widely used herbicide) has been investigated at the EUPHORE facility. Its photolysis has been studied under sunlight conditions and its reaction rate constant with HO() radicals was measured using the relative rate method. Using 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene as reference compound, the rate constant of HO() reaction with trifluralin was obtained to be [formula: see text] The mean photolysis rate measured under solar radiation was [formula: see text] . The photolysis of trifluralin was found to generate organic aerosols with a yield of (20 +/-10)%. The data obtained enabled us to discuss the atmospheric fate of trifluralin in the gas phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Le Person
- LCSR-CNRS, 1C Avenue de la Recherche scientifique, 45071 Orléans cedex 02, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Destaillats H, Lunden MM, Singer BC, Coleman BK, Hodgson AT, Weschler CJ, Nazaroff WW. Indoor secondary pollutants from household product emissions in the presence of ozone: A bench-scale chamber study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:4421-8. [PMID: 16903280 DOI: 10.1021/es052198z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ozone-driven chemistry is a source of indoor secondary pollutants of potential health concern. This study investigates secondary air pollutants formed from reactions between constituents of household products and ozone. Gas-phase product emissions were introduced along with ozone at constant rates into a 198-L Teflon-lined reaction chamber. Gas-phase concentrations of reactive terpenoids and oxidation products were measured. Formaldehyde was a predominant oxidation byproduct for the three studied products, with yields for most conditions of 20-30% with respect to ozone consumed. Acetaldehyde, acetone, glycolaldehyde, formic acid, and acetic acid were each also detected for two or three of the products. Immediately upon mixing of reactants, a scanning mobility particle sizer detected particle nucleation events that were followed by a significant degree of secondary particle growth. The production of secondary gaseous pollutants and particles depended primarily on the ozone level and was influenced by other parameters such as the air-exchange rate. Hydroxyl radical concentrations in the range 0.04-200 x 10(5) molecules cm(-3) were determined by an indirect method. OH concentrations were observed to vary strongly with residual ozone level in the chamber, which was in the range 1-25 ppb, as is consistent with expectations from a simplified kinetic model. In a separate chamber study, we exposed the dry residue of two products to ozone and observed the formation of gas-phase and particle-phase secondary oxidation products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Destaillats
- Indoor Environment Department, Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Berndt T, Böge O. Formation of phenol and carbonyls from the atmospheric reaction of OH radicals with benzene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:1205-14. [PMID: 16633601 DOI: 10.1039/b514148f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase reaction of OH radicals with benzene has been studied in a flow tube operated at 295 +/- 2 K and 950 mbar of synthetic air or O2. Ozonolysis of tetramethylethylene (dark reaction) with a measured OH radical yield of 0.92 +/- 0.08 or photolysis of methyl nitrite in the presence of NO served as the OH sources. For investigations in the presence of NOx, the conditions were chosen so that more than 95% of the OH/benzene adduct reacted with O2 even for the highest NO2 concentration occurring in the experiment. In the absence of NOx, a phenol yield from the reaction of OH radicals with benzene of 0.61 +/- 0.07 was measured by means of long-path FT-IR and UV spectroscopy over a wide range of experimental conditions. This yield was confirmed by measurements performed in the presence of NOx. Detected carbonyls were glyoxal, cis-butenedial and trans-butenedial with formation yields of 0.29 +/- 0.10, 0.08 +/- 0.03 and 0.023 +/- 0.007, respectively, measured in synthetic air and in the presence of NOx. There was no significant difference in the product yields applying both experimental approaches for OH generation (dark reaction or photolysis). Nitrobenzene and o-nitrophenol were detected in traces. The yield of nitrobenzene increased with increasing NOx resulting in a maximum formation yield of 0.007. The detected products in the presence of NOx account for approximately 78% of the reacted carbon. Butenedial yields from benzene degradation are reported for the first time. In the absence of NOx, glyoxal, cis-butenedial and trans-butenedial were also detected, but with distinctly lower yields compared to the experiments with NOx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Berndt
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V., Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
A combined quantum-chemical and RRKM/ME (ME--master equation) approach is employed to investigate the structures, energetics, and kinetics of intermediate and stable species, and the yields of stabilized carbonyl oxides and OH radicals from the alpha-pinene and beta-pinene ozonolysis reactions. The cycloaddition of O(3) is highly exothermic, with the reaction energies of 55.1 and 51.1 kcal mol(-1) for alpha- and beta-pinenes, respectively. Cleavage of primary ozonides yields carbonyl oxides with the barrier height of 12.2-17.5 kcal mol(-1). For the prompt reactions of carbonyl oxides from alpha- and beta-pinene ozonolysis, H migration to hydroperoxides represents the dominant pathway over ring closure to dioxiranes. The kinetic calculations indicate a significant portion of stabilization for alpha- and beta-carbonyl oxides. The yields of stabilized carbonyl oxides are estimated to be 0.34 for alpha-pinene and 0.22 for beta-pinene. The applicability of theoretical methods for investigation of oxidation reactions of large hydrocarbon molecules is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Presto AA, Donahue NM. Ozonolysis Fragment Quenching by Nitrate Formation: The Pressure Dependence of Prompt OH Radical Formation. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp047162s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert A. Presto
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Atkinson
- Air Pollution Research Center and Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen F. Reactive Oxygen Species in the Activation and Regulation of Intracellular Signaling Events. OXYGEN/NITROGEN RADICALS 2004. [DOI: 10.1201/b14147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- Dwayne E Heard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mochida M, Matsunaga S, Kawamura K. A model evaluation of the NO titration technique to remove atmospheric oxidants for the determination of atmospheric organic compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2003; 37:1589-1597. [PMID: 12731842 DOI: 10.1021/es0258778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chemical artifact is a problem in the sampling of atmospheric organic species for a relatively long sampling period. In this study, we evaluated a technique for the removal of atmospheric oxidants with added NO during gas and aerosol sampling by theoretical approach using a Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (RACM) model. The elimination of O3 in the sample air is regulated predominantly by the reaction of NO and O3 in all simulated cases. We found that, without any oxidant scavenger, OH and NO3 concentrations in the sampler can be kept high even when wall loss processes of radicals are taken into account The relatively high concentration of OH is mainly due to the production of HO(x) in the sample air via the decomposition of HO2NO2 and O3-olefin reactions, whereas NO3 is produced by the decomposition of N2O5. Addition of NO with appropriate concentrations was found to effectively reduce both OH and NO3 concentrations in the sampling devices. This study demonstrates that scavenging of OH and NO3 as well as O3 is important for the study of chemical speciation of organic compounds and that NO addition is a useful technique to eliminate these oxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Mochida
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Aschmann SM, Tuazon EC, Arey J, Atkinson R. Products of the Gas-Phase Reaction of O3 with Cyclohexene. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022122e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Aschmann
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Ernesto C. Tuazon
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Janet Arey
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Roger Atkinson
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Volz-Thomas A. Introduction to Special Section: Photochemistry Experiment in BERLIOZ. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd002029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
35
|
Holland F. Measurements of OH and HO2radical concentrations and photolysis frequencies during BERLIOZ. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
36
|
Kroll JH, Donahue NM, Cee VJ, Demerjian KL, Anderson JG. Gas-phase ozonolysis of alkenes: formation of OH from anti carbonyl oxides. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:8518-9. [PMID: 12121079 DOI: 10.1021/ja0266060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase ozone-alkene reactions are known to produce the hydroxyl radical (OH) in high yields. Most mechanistic studies to date have focused on the role of syn carbonyl oxides; however, OH production from ethene ozonolysis indicates a second, poorly understood OH-forming channel, which may contribute to OH production in the ozonolysis of substituted alkenes as well. Using laser-induced fluorescence, we have measured OH and OD yields from the ozonolysis of two partially deuterated alkenes, cis- and trans-3-hexene-3,4-d2. OD is formed from both alkenes, indicating a pathway of hydroxyl-radical formation involving vinylic hydrogens, accounting for one-third of total OH formation from cis-3-hexene. The lack of a significant kinetic isotope effect suggests this pathway is the "hot acid" channel, arising from rearrangement of anti carbonyl oxides. Measured yields also allow for the estimation of syn:anti carbonyl oxide ratios, approximately 50:50 for trans-3-hexene and approximately 20:80 for cis-3-hexene, qualitatively consistent with our understanding of ozonide decomposition pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse H Kroll
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|