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Tilgner A, Schaefer T, Alexander B, Barth M, Collett JL, Fahey KM, Nenes A, Pye HOT, Herrmann H, McNeill VF. Acidity and the multiphase chemistry of atmospheric aqueous particles and clouds. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2021; 21:10.5194/acp-21-13483-2021. [PMID: 34675968 PMCID: PMC8525431 DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-13483-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The acidity of aqueous atmospheric solutions is a key parameter driving both the partitioning of semi-volatile acidic and basic trace gases and their aqueous-phase chemistry. In addition, the acidity of atmospheric aqueous phases, e.g., deliquesced aerosol particles, cloud, and fog droplets, is also dictated by aqueous-phase chemistry. These feedbacks between acidity and chemistry have crucial implications for the tropospheric lifetime of air pollutants, atmospheric composition, deposition to terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems, visibility, climate, and human health. Atmospheric research has made substantial progress in understanding feedbacks between acidity and multiphase chemistry during recent decades. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on these feedbacks with a focus on aerosol and cloud systems, which involve both inorganic and organic aqueous-phase chemistry. Here, we describe the impacts of acidity on the phase partitioning of acidic and basic gases and buffering phenomena. Next, we review feedbacks of different acidity regimes on key chemical reaction mechanisms and kinetics, as well as uncertainties and chemical subsystems with incomplete information. Finally, we discuss atmospheric implications and highlight the need for future investigations, particularly with respect to reducing emissions of key acid precursors in a changing world, and the need for advancements in field and laboratory measurements and model tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Becky Alexander
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mary Barth
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Collett
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Fahey
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711, USA
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Havala O. T. Pye
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711, USA
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - V. Faye McNeill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Wang T, Liu Y, Deng Y, Cheng H, Yang Y, Feng Y, Zhang L, Fu H, Chen J. Photochemical Oxidation of Water-Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC) on Mineral Dust and Enhanced Organic Ammonium Formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15631-15642. [PMID: 33210909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), which is closely related to biogenic emissions, is of great importance in the atmosphere for its ubiquitous existence and rich abundance. Levoglucosan, a typical WSOC, is usually considered to be stable and thus used as a tracer of biomass burning. However, we found that levoglucosan can be photo-oxidized on mineral dust, with formic acid, oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid, 2,3-dioxopropanoic acid, dicarbonic acid, performic acid, mesoxalaldehyde, 2-hydroxymalonaldehyde, carbonic formic anhydride, and 1,3-dioxolane-2,4-dione detected as main products. Further, we observed the heterogeneous uptake of NH3 promoted by the carboxylic acids stemming from the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of levoglucosan. The mineral-dust-initiated PCO of levoglucosan and enhanced heterogeneous uptake of NH3, which are highly influenced by irradiation and moisture conditions, were for the first time revealed. The reaction mechanisms and pathways were studied in detail by diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPPI-ToF-MS) and flow reactor systems. Diverse WSOC constituents were studied as well, and the reactivity toward NH3 is related to the number of hydroxyl groups of the WSOC molecules. This work reveals a new precursor of secondary organic aerosols and provides experimental evidence of the existence of organic ammonium salts in atmospheric particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqing Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Yang C, Zhang C, Luo X, Liu X, Cao F, Zhang YL. Isomerization and Degradation of Levoglucosan via the Photo-Fenton Process: Insights from Aqueous-Phase Experiments and Atmospheric Particulate Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11789-11797. [PMID: 32897062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
So far, studies on the conversion of stereochemistry under photo-Fenton conditions and their atmospheric implication are still rare. Here, we found that the biomass burning marker, the chiral compound levoglucosan (L), undergoes oxidative degradation under photo-Fenton conditions and can be isomerized into mannosan (M) and galactosan (G) simultaneously. Among the formic acid, acetic acid, and oxalic acid in the degradation products of levoglucosan, it was found that the yield of formation of formic acid in the photo-Fenton pathway can be as high as 86%. It is worth noting that both levoglucosan and its isomers are present in the atmosphere and their concentrations are strongly correlated. At the same time, the range of their concentration ratios, L/(G + M), measured in the photo-Fenton experiments in the laboratory was found to agree well with that measured in atmospheric PM2.5 samples. However, the sources of L, G, and M in the atmosphere are complex, and the photo-Fenton reaction may be an essential pathway for the distribution of L, G, and M in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yang
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaosan Luo
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fang Cao
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhang
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Mo Y, Li J, Jiang B, Su T, Geng X, Liu J, Jiang H, Shen C, Ding P, Zhong G, Cheng Z, Liao Y, Tian C, Chen Y, Zhang G. Sources, compositions, and optical properties of humic-like substances in Beijing during the 2014 APEC summit: Results from dual carbon isotope and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 239:322-331. [PMID: 29674210 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Humic-like substances (HULIS) are a class of high molecular weight, light-absorbing compounds that are highly related to brown carbon (BrC). In this study, the sources and compositions of HULIS isolated from fine particles collected in Beijing, China during the 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit were characterized based on carbon isotope (13C and 14C) and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analyses, respectively. HULIS were the main light-absorbing components of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), accounting for 80.2 ± 6.1% of the WSOC absorption capacity at 365 nm. The carbon isotope data showed that HULIS had a lower non-fossil contribution (53 ± 4%) and were less enriched with 13C (-24.2 ± 0.6‰) relative to non-HULIS (62 ± 8% and -20.8 ± 0.3‰, respectively). The higher relative intensity fraction of sulfur-containing compounds in HULIS before and after APEC was attributed to higher sulfur dioxide levels emitted from fossil fuel combustion, whereas the higher fraction of nitrogen-containing compounds during APEC may have been due to the relatively greater contribution of non-fossil compounds or the influence of nitrate radical chemistry. The results of investigating the relationships among the sources, elemental compositions, and optical properties of HULIS demonstrated that the light absorption of HULIS appeared to increase with increasing unsaturation degree, but decrease with increasing oxidation level. The unsaturation of HULIS was affected by both sources and aging level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhi Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaofei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Haoyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chengde Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ping Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guangcai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhineng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuhong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chongguo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey A. Nizkorodov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles. OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS OF GASES AND PARTICLES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-25643-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Bai J, Sun X, Zhang C, Xu Y, Qi C. The OH-initiated atmospheric reaction mechanism and kinetics for levoglucosan emitted in biomass burning. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:2004-2010. [PMID: 23948612 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Levoglucosan is a typical molecular tracer of biomass-burning aerosols in the atmosphere. The mechanism for OH-initiated reaction with levoglucosan is studied at the level of MPWB1K/6-311+G(3df,2p)//MPWB1K/6-31+G(d,p). The possible subsequent reactions in the presence of O2, NO and H2O are also taken into consideration. The study shows that the H atom abstraction from the C4-position by the OH radical is an energetically favorable pathway, and that the OH-initiated products contribute to the formation of SOA and atmospheric acidity. The kinetic calculation is performed and the rate constants are calculated over the temperature range of 200-1500 K, using the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory. The rate constant of levoglucosan reacting with the OH radical at 298 K is 2.21×10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and the atmospheric lifetime is 26 days ([OH]=2.0×10(6) molecule cm(-3)). The equilibrium constants both in gas phase and aqueous are computed. The free energy ΔG indicates that, the subsequent reactions tend to take place more spontaneously once the reaction occurs. This work provides a comprehensive investigation about OH-initiated atmospheric reactions with levoglucosan, which is helpful for experiment and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, PR China
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8
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Zheng G, He K, Duan F, Cheng Y, Ma Y. Measurement of humic-like substances in aerosols: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 181:301-14. [PMID: 23830737 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol-phase humic-like substances (HULIS) have received increasingly attention due to their universal ambient presence, active participation in atmospheric chemistry and important environmental and health effects. In last decade, intensive field works have promoted development of quantification and analysis method, unearthed spatio-temporal variation, and proved evidence for source identification of HULIS. These important developments were summarized in this review to provide a global perspective of HULIS. The diverse operational HULIS definitions were gradually focused onto several versions. Although found globally in Europe, Asia, Australasia and North America, HULIS are far more typical in continental and near-ground aerosols. HULIS concentrations varied from <1 μg/m(3) to >13 μg/m(3), with their carbon fraction making up 9%-72% of water soluble organic carbon. Dominant HULIS source was suggested as secondary processes and biomass burning, with the detailed formation pathways suggested and verified in laboratory works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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Zauscher MD, Wang Y, Moore MJK, Gaston CJ, Prather KA. Air quality impact and physicochemical aging of biomass burning aerosols during the 2007 San Diego wildfires. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:7633-43. [PMID: 23750590 DOI: 10.1021/es4004137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Intense wildfires burning >360000 acres in San Diego during October, 2007 provided a unique opportunity to study the impact of wildfires on local air quality and biomass burning aerosol (BBA) aging. The size-resolved mixing state of individual particles was measured in real-time with an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) for 10 days after the fires commenced. Particle concentrations were high county-wide due to the wildfires; 84% of 120-400 nm particles by number were identified as BBA, with particles <400 nm contributing to mass concentrations dangerous to public health, up to 148 μg/m(3). Evidence of potassium salts heterogeneously reacting with inorganic acids was observed with continuous high temporal resolution for the first time. Ten distinct chemical types shown as BBA factors were identified through positive matrix factorization coupled to single particle analysis, including particles comprised of potassium chloride and organic nitrogen during the beginning of the wildfires, ammonium nitrate and amines after an increase of relative humidity, and sulfate dominated when the air mass back trajectories passed through the Los Angeles port region. Understanding BBA aging processes and quantifying the size-resolved mass and number concentrations are important in determining the overall impact of wildfires on air quality, health, and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D Zauscher
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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Ding X, Wang X, Xie Z, Zhang Z, Sun L. Impacts of Siberian biomass burning on organic aerosols over the North Pacific Ocean and the Arctic: primary and secondary organic tracers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:3149-3157. [PMID: 23441622 DOI: 10.1021/es3037093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
During the 2003 Chinese Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE2003) from the Bohai Sea to the high Arctic (37°N-80°N), filter-based particle samples were collected and analyzed for tracers of primary and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) as well as water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). Biomass burning (BB) tracer levoglucosan had comparatively much higher summertime average levels (476 ± 367 pg/m(3)) during our cruise due to the influence of intense forest fires then in Siberia. On the basis of 5-day back trajectories, samples with air masses passing through Siberia had organic tracers 1.3-4.4 times of those with air masses transporting only over the oceans, suggesting substantial contribution of continental emissions to organic aerosols in the marine atmosphere. SOA tracers from anthropogenic aromatics were negligible or not detected, while those from biogenic terpenenoids were ubiquitously observed with the sum of SOA tracers from isoprene (623 ± 414 pg/m(3)) 1 order of magnitude higher than that from monoterpenes (63 ± 49 pg/m(3)). 2-Methylglyceric acid as a product of isoprene oxidation under high-NOx conditions was dominant among SOA tracers, implying that these BSOA tracers were not formed over the oceans but mainly transported from the adjacent Siberia where a high-NOx environment could be induced by intense forest fires. The carbon fractions shared by biogenic SOA tracers and levoglucosan in WSOC in our ocean samples were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than those previously reported in continental samples, BB emissions or chamber simulation samples, largely due to the chemical evolution of organic tracers during transport. As a result of the much faster decline in levels of organic tracers than that of WSOC during transport, the trace-based approach, which could well reconstruct WSOC using biogenic SOA and BB tracers for continental samples, only explained ∼4% of measured WSOC during our expedition if the same tracer-WSOC or tracer-SOC relationships were applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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George C, D’Anna B, Herrmann H, Weller C, Vaida V, Donaldson DJ, Bartels-Rausch T, Ammann M. Emerging Areas in Atmospheric Photochemistry. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 339:1-53. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for the period 2005-2006. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1-100. [PMID: 20222147 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fourth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2006. The review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, method developments, and applications of the technique to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, glycolipids from bacteria, glycosides, and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing, a section on industrial processes, particularly the development of biopharmaceuticals and a section on the use of MALDI-MS to monitor products of chemical synthesis of carbohydrates. Large carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers are highlighted in this final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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Hoffmann D, Tilgner A, Iinuma Y, Herrmann H. Atmospheric stability of levoglucosan: a detailed laboratory and modeling study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:694-9. [PMID: 20000815 DOI: 10.1021/es902476f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Levoglucosan, an important molecular marker for biomass burning, represents an important fraction of the water-soluble organic carbon in atmospheric particles influenced by residential wood burning and wildfires. However, particle phase oxidation processes of levoglucosan by free radicals are not well-known. Hence, detailed kinetic studies on the reactivity of levoglucosan with OH, NO(3), and SO(4)(-) radicals in aqueous solutions were performed to better understand the levoglucosan oxidation in the deliquescent particles. The data obtained were implemented into a parcel model with detailed microphysics and complex multiphase chemistry to investigate the degradation fluxes of levoglucosan in cloud droplets and in deliquescent particles. The model calculations show that levoglucosan can be oxidized readily by OH radicals during daytime with mean degradation fluxes of about 7.2 ng m(-3) h(-1) in summer and 4.7 ng m(-3) h(-1) in winter for a polluted continental plume. This indicates that the oxidation of levoglucosan in atmospheric deliquescent particles is at least as fast as that of other atmospherically relevant organic compounds and levoglucosan may not be as stable as previously thought in the atmosphere, especially under high relative humidity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hoffmann
- Leibniz-Institut fur Tropospharenforschung, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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D'Anna B, Jammoul A, George C, Stemmler K, Fahrni S, Ammann M, Wisthaler A. Light-induced ozone depletion by humic acid films and submicron aerosol particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Jammoul A, Gligorovski S, George C, D'Anna B. Photosensitized Heterogeneous Chemistry of Ozone on Organic Films. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:1268-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp074348t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adla Jammoul
- Université de Lyon 1, Lyon; CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France
| | - Saso Gligorovski
- Université de Lyon 1, Lyon; CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France
| | - Christian George
- Université de Lyon 1, Lyon; CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France
| | - Barbara D'Anna
- Université de Lyon 1, Lyon; CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France
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Lukács H, Gelencsér A, Hammer S, Puxbaum H, Pio C, Legrand M, Kasper-Giebl A, Handler M, Limbeck A, Simpson D, Preunkert S. Seasonal trends and possible sources of brown carbon based on 2-year aerosol measurements at six sites in Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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