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Ortega Rodriguez DR, Sánchez-Salguero R, Hevia A, Granato-Souza D, Cintra BBL, Hornink B, Andreu-Hayles L, Assis-Pereira G, Roig FA, Tomazello-Filho M. Climate variability of the southern Amazon inferred by a multi-proxy tree-ring approach using Cedrela fissilis Vell. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162064. [PMID: 36758695 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of climate variability and development of reconstructions based on tree-ring records in tropical forests have been increasing in recent decades. In the Amazon region, ring width and stable isotope long-term chronologies have been used for climatic studies, however little is known about the potential of wood traits such as density and chemical concentrations. In this study, we used well-dated rings of Cedrela fissilis Vell. from the drought-prone southern Amazon basin to assess the potential of using inter-annual variations of annually-resolved ring width, wood density, stable oxygen isotope (δ18OTR) measured in tree-ring cellulose and concentration of Sulfur (STR) and Calcium (CaTR) in xylem cells to study climate variability. During wet years, Cedrela fissilis produced wider and denser rings with higher CaTR and lower STR, as well as depleted δ18OTR values. During dry years, a wider range of responses was observed in growth, density and STR, while lower CaTR and enriched δ18OTR values were found. The annual centennial chronologies spanning from 1835 to 2018 showed good calibration skills for reconstructing local precipitation, evapotranspiration (P-PET), Amazon-wide rainfall, as well as climate modes related to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies such as El Niño South Oscillation (ENSO), Tropical Northern Atlantic (TNA), and the Western Hemisphere Warm Pool (WHWP) oscillations. CaTR explained 42 % of the variance of local precipitation (1975-2018), RW explained 30 % of the P-PET variance (1975-2018), while δ18OTR explained 60 % and 57 % of the variance of Amazon rainfall (1960-2018) and El Niño 3.4 (1920-2018), respectively. Our results show that a multi-proxy tropical tree-ring approach can be used for high-reliable reconstructions of climate variability over Amazon basin at inter-annual and multidecadal time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigard Ricardo Ortega Rodriguez
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; DendrOlavide-Dept. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Salguero
- DendrOlavide-Dept. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrea Hevia
- DendrOlavide-Dept. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Department of Ecology, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n., 23009 Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Bruno B L Cintra
- Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 14, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Garstang North, Building, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Bruna Hornink
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laia Andreu-Hayles
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA; CREAF, Bellatera (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Assis-Pereira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fidel A Roig
- Argentine Institute of Nivology, Glaciology and Environmental Sciences (IANIGLA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo), 5500 Mendoza, Argentina; Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Tomazello-Filho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ucella-Filho JGM, Dias Júnior AF, de Souza EC, da Silva JGM, Sant'anna Neto A, da Silva APC, Santos LMH, Rodriguez DRO, Tomazello-Filho M, Brito JO. Clues about wood density and trace-element variability of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby for bioenergy use. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:56161-56173. [PMID: 36917377 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The interest of biofuel producers in Neotropical species that have high growth rates, slight wood density variability, and elemental composition that does not compromise the environment has increased in recent decades. We investigated the density and chemical characteristics of wood of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber × Ducke) Barneby as a source for the generation of bioenergy. Apparent radial wood density profiles (X-ray densitometry (XRD)) and the elemental distribution (X-ray fluorescence (XRF)) of Cl, S, K, and Ca in the wood of nine S. parahyba var. amazonicum trees, divided into three diameter classes (I = 15.5, II = 19.5, and III = 23.5 cm) were analyzed. The high heating value (HHV) of the wood samples was determined, and the energy density was estimated by the product of the HHV and the apparent density. Trees that grew better (classes II and III) produced wood with higher density. These trees showed higher concentrations of K and S, and lower concentrations of Ca and Cl. The highest Cl concentrations were observed in classes with smaller diameters. The chlorine levels met the standards for use of this wood as fuel, but the sulfur levels were higher than the threshold recommended by the ISO 17225-3:2021 guidelines, which can limit the use of the species for certain energy uses. The wood of S. parahyba var. amazonicum had interesting characteristics for the production of bioenergy due to its low density, so it can be used in the production of solid biofuels such as pellets and briquettes. Monitoring chlorine and sulfur is important, since during the combustion of biomass they are released into the atmosphere and can negatively contribute to the effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gilberto Meza Ucella-Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). Av. Governador Lindemberg, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, 31629550-000, Brazil
| | - Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). Av. Governador Lindemberg, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, 31629550-000, Brazil
| | - Elias Costa de Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Av. Pádua Dias N° 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.
- Departmento de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais (DTRN), Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), Campus VI, Rodovia PA-125, Angelim, Paragominas, 68625-000, Brazil.
| | - João Gabriel Missia da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). Av. Governador Lindemberg, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, 31629550-000, Brazil
| | - Analder Sant'anna Neto
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Av. Pádua Dias N° 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Câmara da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). Av. Governador Lindemberg, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, 31629550-000, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Maria Hilgert Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). Av. Governador Lindemberg, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, 31629550-000, Brazil
| | - Daigard Ricardo Ortega Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Av. Pádua Dias N° 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
- DendrOlavide-Dept., Sistemas FísicosQuímicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera Km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Mário Tomazello-Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Av. Pádua Dias N° 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - José Otávio Brito
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Av. Pádua Dias N° 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
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Binda G, Di Iorio A, Monticelli D. The what, how, why, and when of dendrochemistry: (paleo)environmental information from the chemical analysis of tree rings. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143672. [PMID: 33277003 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The chemical analysis of tree rings has attracted the interest of researchers in the past five decades in view of the possibility of exploiting this biological indicator as a widely available, high-resolution environmental archive. Information regarding the surrounding environment can be derived either by directly measuring environmental variables (nutrient availability, presence of pollutants, etc.) or by exploiting proxies (e.g. paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental reconstructions). This review systematically covers the topic and provides a critical view on the reliability of dendrochemical information. First, we introduce the determinable chemical species, such as major elements, trace metals, isotopic ratios, and organic compounds, together with a brief description of their uptake mechanisms and functions in trees. Subsequently, we present the possibilities offered by analytical techniques in the field of tree ring analysis, focusing on direct methods and recent developments. The latter strongly improved the details of the accessible information, enabling the investigation of complex phenomena associated with plant life and encouraging the direct analysis of new analytes, particularly minor organic compounds. With regard to their applications, dendrochemical proxies have been used to trace several processes, such as environmental contamination, paleoclimate reconstruction, global environmental changes, tree physiology, extreme events, ecological trends, and dendroprovenance. Several case studies are discussed for each proposed application, with special emphasis on the reliability of tracing each process. Starting from the reviewed literature data, the second part of the paper is devoted to the critical assessment of the reliability of tree ring proxies. We provide an overview of the current knowledge, discuss the limitations of the inferences that may be drawn from the dendrochemical data, and provide recommendations for the best practices to be used for their validation. Finally, we present the future perspectives related to the advancements in analytical instrumentation and further extension of application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Binda
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio, 12, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Iorio
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Jean Henry Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Damiano Monticelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio, 12, 22100 Como, Italy.
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Alves EEN, Ortega Rodriguez DR, Rocha PDA, Vergütz L, Santini Junior L, Hesterberg D, Pessenda LCR, Tomazello-Filho M, Costa LMD. Synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy for assessing elements distribution and speciation in mangrove tree-rings. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Alterio E, Cocozza C, Chirici G, Rizzi A, Sitzia T. Preserving air pollution forest archives accessible through dendrochemistry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 264:110462. [PMID: 32250895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously exposed to human air pollution, absorbing pollutants in their tissues. Trees can store pollutants in wood, in the annual growth rings, retaining traces of pollutants in the environment. Information on past pollution events are archived by trees, which dendrochemistry, a dendrochronological science combined with chemistry, is able to access. Many authors have suggested that trees could complement the conventional environmental monitoring: a forest archive of pollution events. However, the implications of trees occurrence in polluted areas on planning and management have not yet been discussed. In this article, we investigate whether forest archives exist and whether they should be integrated into the network of existing monitoring stations. We use a case study, the Veneto region of Italy, one of the most polluted areas in Europe, to examine the occurrence of trees around 28 industrial plants retrieved from a European pollution register. We propose planning actions to develop the latent potential of these forest archives for environmental monitoring, which society may benefit. We follow three steps: (a) assessing the cover and composition of tree canopies around the industrial plants, (b) inventorying the existing artificial air monitoring stations in order to discover whether pollutants around the industrial plants are already monitored, (c) assessing land use patterns in order to identify which are the receptors of air pollution and enhance the forest archive in the future. These spatial analyses are conducted in a 1-km radius buffer with the industrial plant as the centre. Results show that forest archives are available, with cover and composition suitable for dendrochemistry studies. Artificial monitoring stations are too far from industrial plants or have been installed recently, unable to provide historical data. Trees are an alternative source of pollution data. Receptors of air pollution include a diversity of urban, rural and agricultural lands, where forest archives can be managed and conserved through a variety of actions. Environmental protection agencies should value these trees, preserving them and accessing the records held in this forest archive. Similar inventories must be promoted in other industrialised regions of the world even at larger scales. Studies like this one should also be incorporated into landscape or urban planning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Alterio
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Padova, Italy.
| | - Claudia Cocozza
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145, Florence, Italy.
| | - Gherardo Chirici
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145, Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Rizzi
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Padova, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Sitzia
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Padova, Italy.
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Ortega Rodriguez DR, de Almeida E, Tomazello-Filho M, Pereira de Carvalho HW. Space-resolved determination of the mineral nutrient content in tree-rings by X-ray fluorescence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134537. [PMID: 31791745 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) offers rapid, multi-elemental, low cost and non-destructive elemental analysis. Different studies have used this technique to investigate distribution and concentration of essential and deleterious elements in vegetation. Special emphasis has been recently placed on the key aspects concerning sampling processes, laboratory protocols and calibration methods for quantitative analysis. The aim of the present study was to develop a quantitative methodology to determine the nutrient content in Pinus taeda tree-rings by XRF. Using a 1 mm X-ray excitation beam from a Rh X-ray tube at 30 kV and 600 μA, and dwell time of 20 s, we present calibration curves for P, S, K, Ca, Mn and Fe based on multi-elemental standard addition using wood matrix of 17-year-old Pinus taeda trees. Satisfactory recoveries of our XRF approach for Ca, P, Mn, S and K (<115%), and tolerable for Fe (123%) were obtained compared to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry results. The non-destructive and quantitative XRF method allows assessing annual element concentrations of P. taeda trees, in order to provide tools for monitoring the nutrient dynamic in an experimental plantation. Furthermore, a method for elemental quantification based on multi-elemental standard addition using wood matrix is described as a useful procedure for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigard Ricardo Ortega Rodriguez
- Univ. of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Forest Resource, Av. Pádua Dias N° 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo de Almeida
- Univ. of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Av Centenário, 303, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Mario Tomazello-Filho
- Univ. of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Forest Resource, Av. Pádua Dias N° 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
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Hevia A, Sánchez-Salguero R, Camarero JJ, Buras A, Sangüesa-Barreda G, Galván JD, Gutiérrez E. Towards a better understanding of long-term wood-chemistry variations in old-growth forests: A case study on ancient Pinus uncinata trees from the Pyrenees. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:220-232. [PMID: 29289770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendrochemical studies in old forests are still underdeveloped. Old trees growing in remote high-elevation areas far from direct human influence constitute a promising biological proxy for the long-term reconstructions of environmental changes using tree-rings. Furthermore, centennial-long chronologies of multi-elemental chemistry at inter- and intra-annual resolution are scarce. Here, we use a novel non-destructive method by applying Micro X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) to wood samples of old Pinus uncinata trees from two Pyrenean high-elevation forests growing on acidic and basic soils. To disentangle ontogenetic (changes in tree age and diameter) from environmental influences (e.g., climate warming) we compared element patterns in sapwood (SW) and heartwood (HW) during the pre-industrial (1700-1849) and industrial (1850-2008) periods. We quantified tree-ring growth, wood density and relative element concentrations at annual (TRW, tree-ring) to seasonal resolution (EW, earlywood; LW, latewood) and related them to climate variables (temperature and precipitation) and volcanic eruptions in the 18th and 19th centuries. We detected differences for most studied elements between SW and HW along the stem and also between EW and LW within rings. Long-term positive and negative trends were observed for Ca and K, respectively. Cl, P and S showed positive trends during the industrial period. However, differences between sites were also notable. Higher values of Mg, Al, Si and the Ca/Mn ratio were observed at the site with acidic soil. Growing-season temperatures were positively related to growth, maximum wood density and to the concentration of most elements. Peaks in S, Fe, Cl, Zn and Ca were linked to major volcanic eruptions (e.g., Tambora in 1815). Our results reveal the potential of long-term wood-chemistry studies based on the μXRF non-destructive technique to reconstruct environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hevia
- Forest and Wood Technology Research Centre (CETEMAS), Pumarabule, Carbayín, s/n, 33936 Siero, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Salguero
- Dept. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Allan Buras
- Professorship of Ecoclimatology, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - J Diego Galván
- Ionplus AG, Lerzenstrasse 12, 8953 Dietikon, Switzerland
| | - Emilia Gutiérrez
- Dept. Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Univ. Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Ishida T, Tayasu I, Takenaka C. Quantitative Reconstruction of Sulfur Deposition Using a Mixing Model Based on Sulfur Isotope Ratios in Tree Rings. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2015; 44:1800-1808. [PMID: 26641332 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2014.11.0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of sulfur (S) deposition is critical to deciphering the environmental archive of S in terrestrial ecosystems. Here we propose a mixing model that quantifies S deposition based on the S isotope ratio (δS) in tree rings. We collected samples from Japanese cedar ( D. Don) stumps from two sites: one near Yokkaichi City (YOK), which is well known for having the heaviest S air pollution in the world, and one at Inabu-cho (INA) in central Japan, which has been much less affected by air pollution. The δS profiles at both sites are consistent with S air pollution and contributions of anthropogenic S. The minimum value in YOK is lower than the δS values of anthropogenic S or any other possible source. Because the δS in the tree rings is affected by fractionation in the forest ecosystems, we used a mixing model to account for the isotope effects and to distinguish the sources of S. Based on the model results, we infer that the peak of S emissions at YOK occurred sometime between the late 1960s and early 1970s (489 mmol m yr). This estimated value is comparable with the highest reported values in Europe. This is the first quantitative estimate of anthropogenic input of S in forest systems based on δS in tree rings. Our results suggest that tree ring data can be used when monitoring stations of atmospheric S are lacking and that estimates of S deposition using δS in tree rings will advance our understanding of the local-scale S dynamics and the effect of human activities on it.
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Ishida T, Tayasu I, Takenaka C. Characterization of sulfur deposition over the period of industrialization in Japan using sulfur isotope ratio in Japanese cedar tree rings taken from stumps. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:459. [PMID: 26104652 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the sulfur deposition history over the period of industrialization in Japan based on the sulfur isotope ratio (δ(34)S) in tree rings of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) stumps. We analyzed and compared δ(34)S values in the rings from two types of disk samples from 170-year-old stumps that had been cut 5 years earlier (older forest stand) and from 40-year-old living trees (younger forest stand) in order to confirm the validity of using stump disks for δ(34)S analysis. No differences in δ(34)S values by age were found between the sample types, indicating that stump disks can be used for δ(34)S analysis. The δ(34)S profile in tree rings was significantly correlated with anthropogenic SO2 emissions in Japan (r = -0.76, p < 0.05) and, thus, tree rings serve as a record of anthropogenic sulfur emissions. In addition, the values did not change largely from pre-industrialization to the 1940s (+4.2 to +6.1‰). The values before the 1940s are expected to reflect the background sulfur conditions in Japan and, thus, disks containing rings formed before the 1940s contain information about the natural environmental sulfur, which is useful for biogeochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ishida
- Laboratory of Forest Environment and Resources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan,
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Saurer M, Spahni R, Frank DC, Joos F, Leuenberger M, Loader NJ, McCarroll D, Gagen M, Poulter B, Siegwolf RTW, Andreu-Hayles L, Boettger T, Dorado Liñán I, Fairchild IJ, Friedrich M, Gutierrez E, Haupt M, Hilasvuori E, Heinrich I, Helle G, Grudd H, Jalkanen R, Levanič T, Linderholm HW, Robertson I, Sonninen E, Treydte K, Waterhouse JS, Woodley EJ, Wynn PM, Young GHF. Spatial variability and temporal trends in water-use efficiency of European forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:3700-12. [PMID: 25156251 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentration in the atmosphere in combination with climatic changes throughout the last century are likely to have had a profound effect on the physiology of trees: altering the carbon and water fluxes passing through the stomatal pores. However, the magnitude and spatial patterns of such changes in natural forests remain highly uncertain. Here, stable carbon isotope ratios from a network of 35 tree-ring sites located across Europe are investigated to determine the intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE), the ratio of photosynthesis to stomatal conductance from 1901 to 2000. The results were compared with simulations of a dynamic vegetation model (LPX-Bern 1.0) that integrates numerous ecosystem and land-atmosphere exchange processes in a theoretical framework. The spatial pattern of tree-ring derived iWUE of the investigated coniferous and deciduous species and the model results agreed significantly with a clear south-to-north gradient, as well as a general increase in iWUE over the 20th century. The magnitude of the iWUE increase was not spatially uniform, with the strongest increase observed and modelled for temperate forests in Central Europe, a region where summer soil-water availability decreased over the last century. We were able to demonstrate that the combined effects of increasing CO2 and climate change leading to soil drying have resulted in an accelerated increase in iWUE. These findings will help to reduce uncertainties in the land surface schemes of global climate models, where vegetation-climate feedbacks are currently still poorly constrained by observational data.
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Wynn PM, Loader NJ, Fairchild IJ. Interrogating trees for isotopic archives of atmospheric sulphur deposition and comparison to speleothem records. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 187:98-105. [PMID: 24463472 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Palaeorecords which depict changes in sulphur dynamics form an invaluable resource for recording atmospheric pollution. Tree rings constitute an archive that are ubiquitously available and can be absolutely dated, providing the potential to explore local- to regional-scale trends in sulphur availability. Rapid isotopic analysis by a novel "on-line" method using elemental analyser isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) is developed, achieving sample precision of <0.4‰ using sample sizes of 40 mg wood powder. Tree cores from NE Italy show trends in pollution, evidenced through increasing concentrations of sulphur towards the youngest growth, and inverse trends in sulphur isotopes differentiating modern growth with light sulphur isotopes (+0.7‰) from pre-industrial growth (+7.5‰) influenced by bedrock composition. Comparison with speleothem records from the same location demonstrate replication, albeit offset in isotopic value due to groundwater storage. Using EA-IRMS, tree ring archives form a valuable resource for understanding local- to regional-scale sulphur pollution dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Wynn
- Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - N J Loader
- Department of Geography, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - I J Fairchild
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
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Fairchild IJ, Frisia S. Definition of the Anthropocene: a view from the underworld. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1144/sp395.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnnually laminated stalagmites from natural caves and limestone mines capture a number of significant environmental and climatic signals during the anthropogenically disturbed era. The effects of forest clearance, or development of agricultural or industrial practices, can be marked by changes in soil or hydrological responses leading to shifts in both chemical (e.g. carbon and oxygen isotope ratios or trace elements) and physical (e.g. fabric, thickness of laminae) signals. However, these signals are diachronous because of the spatial heterogeneity of human societies. Twentieth-century changes in atmospheric composition are known from speleothems at several sites and demonstrate pollution disturbance of the sulphur cycle and the signal provided by the 1950s rise in radiocarbon caused by atmospheric nuclear tests. This latter is a global signal and hence a strong candidate to define the start of the Anthropocene, although other considerations, including comparison with instrumental archives, would favour an earlier timing. An attractive option is the climate amelioration marking the end of the Little Ice Age in the mid-nineteenth century, which is marked in Alpine and other Northern Hemisphere areas. Examples are illustrated from the Grotta di Ernesto cave to illustrate the appearance of a putative mid-nineteenth-century boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Fairchild
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Silvia Frisia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308 NSW, Australia
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