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Mass transfer modeling and sensitivity study of low-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sonal, Kondamudi K, Pant KK, Upadhyayula S. Synergistic Effect of Fe–Co Bimetallic Catalyst on FTS and WGS Activity in the Fischer–Tropsch Process: A Kinetic Study. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Kishore Kondamudi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Kamal K. Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sreedevi Upadhyayula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
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Ma W, Jacobs G, Sparks DE, Klettlinger JL, Yen CH, Davis BH. Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and water gas shift kinetics for a precipitated iron catalyst. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Basha OM, Sehabiague L, Abdel-Wahab A, Morsi BI. Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis in Slurry Bubble Column Reactors: Experimental Investigations and Modeling – A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2014-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper presents an extensive review of the kinetics, hydrodynamics, mass transfer, heat transfer and mathematical as well as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of Low-Temperature Tropsch Synthesis (LTFT) synthesis in Slurry Bubble Column Reactors (SBCRs), with the aim of identifying potential research and development areas in this particular field. The kinetic expressions developed for F-T synthesis over iron and cobalt catalysts along with the water gas shift (WGS) reactions are summarized and compared. The experimental data and empirical correlations to predict the hydrodynamics (gas holdup, Sauter mean bubble diameter, and bubble rise velocity), mass transfer coefficients and heat transfer coefficients are presented. The effects of various operating variables, including pressure, temperature, gas velocity, catalyst concentration, reactor geometry, and reactor internals on the hydrodynamic and transport parameters as well as the performance of SBCRs are discussed. Additionally, modeling efforts of SBCRs, using axial dispersion models (ADM), multiple cell recirculation models (MCCM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), are addressed. This review revealed the following:
(1)Numerous F-T and WGS kinetic rate expressions are available for cobalt and iron catalysts and one must be careful in selecting the appropriate expressions for LTFT. Iron catalyst suffers from severe attrition and subsequent deactivation in SBCRs and accordingly building a costly catalyst manufacturing facility onsite is required to maintain a steady operation of the F-T reactor;
(2)Experimental data on the hydrodynamic and transport parameters at high pressures and temperatures, typical to those of actual F-T synthesis, remain scanty when compared with the plethora of studies conducted using air–water systems in small reactors at ambient conditions;
(3)Several empirical correlations for predicting the hydrodynamic and mass as well heat transfer parameters are available and one should select those which consider the reactor diameter, gas mixtures and the potential foamability of the F-T liquids;
(4)The effect of cooling internals configuration and sparger design on the hydrodynamic and transport parameters, local turbulence, mixing and catalyst attrition are yet to be seriously addressed;
(5)The impact of operating variables on the hydrodynamic and transport parameters as well as the overall performance of the SBCRs should be investigated using actual F-T fluid–solid systems under typical pressures and temperatures using a large-scale reactor (>0.15 m ID) in the presence of gas spargers and cooling internals;
(6)Significant efforts are still required in order to advance CFD modeling of SBCRs, particularly those pertaining to the relevant closure models, such as drag, lift and turbulence. Also, cooling internals configuration and the design as well as orientation of gas spargers should be accounted for in the CFD modeling; and
(7)Proper validations of the CFD formulations using actual systems for F-T SBCR are needed.
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Martinelli M, Visconti CG, Lietti L, Forzatti P, Bassano C, Deiana P. CO2 reactivity on Fe–Zn–Cu–K Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts with different K-loadings. Catal Today 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sehabiague L, Morsi BI. Modeling and Simulation of a Fischer–Tropsch Slurry Bubble Column Reactor Using Different Kinetic Rate Expressions for Iron and Cobalt Catalysts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2012-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A user-friendly simulator based on a comprehensive computer model for slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR) was used to predict the performance of a conceptual commercial-scale (9-m ID and 50-m height) SBCR for Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) synthesis. Novel correlations for predicting the hydrodynamic and mass transfer parameters; a new relationship between the axial dispersion of large gas bubbles and their average diameter; and up to ten different kinetic rate expressions available in the literature for iron and cobalt-based catalysts were included in the simulator. The effects of operating conditions, including catalyst concentration, pressure, temperature, H2/CO ratio, and superficial gas velocity on the SBCR performance were predicted using the simulator for both types of catalysts. The predictions showed that the performance of the reactor was strongly dependent on the type of catalyst and the kinetic rate expression used.
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SHAH YATISHT, DASSORI CARLOSG, TIERNEY JOHNW. MULTIPLE STEADY STATES IN NON-ISOTHERMAL FT SLURRY REACTOR. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00986449008940546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YATISH T. SHAH
- a College of Engineering and Applied Sciences The University of Tulsa , Tulsa , OK , 74104
| | - CARLOS G. DASSORI
- a College of Engineering and Applied Sciences The University of Tulsa , Tulsa , OK , 74104
| | - JOHN W. TIERNEY
- b Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , 15261
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Botes FG. The Effects of Water and CO2on the Reaction Kinetics in the Iron‐Based Low‐Temperature Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis: A Literature Review. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940802477250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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VAN DER LAAN GERARDP, BEENACKERS AACM. Kinetics and Selectivity of the Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: A Literature Review. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 1999. [DOI: 10.1081/cr-100101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 915] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Liu ZT, Li YW, Zhou JL, Zhang BJ. Intrinsic kinetics of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over an Fe–Cu–K catalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/ft9959103255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bukur DB, Brown RF. Fischer-tropsch synthesis in a stirred tank slurry reactorndashreaction rates. CAN J CHEM ENG 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450650415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sanders E, Deckwer WD. Fischer-tropsch synthesis in slurry phase: Effect of CO2inhibition on performance of bubble column slurry reactors. CAN J CHEM ENG 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450650119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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