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Benjamin H, Müller ML, Afanasjevs S, Kamenev KV, Robertson N. Electrochemical deposition of a semiconducting gold dithiolene complex with NIR absorption. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13786-13796. [PMID: 33000835 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, the synthesis of a new anionic gold dithiolene complex, NBu4·[1-i], and that of its corresponding neutral gold complex 2 is reported. Complex 2 shows strong absorption into the IR, semiconductivity (σRT = 3.06 × 10-7 S cm-1) with an activation energy of 0.25 eV, and weakly temperature dependent paramagnetic susceptibility, indicating strong intermolecular interactions in the solid state. As a consequence of their strong intermolecular interactions, neutral gold dithiolene complexes are often highly insoluble, limiting their utility and processability. Electrochemical deposition is used to deposit conductive films of complex 2, which retain the NIR properties present in the bulk material, indicting that the strong intermolecular interactions are retained in the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Benjamin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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2
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Kaehler T, John A, Jin T, Bolte M, Lerner H, Wagner M. Selective Vicinal Diiodination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kaehler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt Max‐von‐Laue‐Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Alexandra John
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt Max‐von‐Laue‐Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Tao Jin
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt Max‐von‐Laue‐Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt Max‐von‐Laue‐Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Hans‐Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt Max‐von‐Laue‐Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt Max‐von‐Laue‐Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
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Yokomori S, Ueda A, Higashino T, Kumai R, Murakami Y, Mori H. Construction of three-dimensional anionic molecular frameworks based on hydrogen-bonded metal dithiolene complexes and the crystal solvent effect. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00364a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded anionic molecular frameworks based on a metal dithiolene complex were constructed with a significant solvent effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yokomori
- The Institute for Solid State Physics
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
| | - Akira Ueda
- The Institute for Solid State Physics
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
| | - Toshiki Higashino
- The Institute for Solid State Physics
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
| | - Reiji Kumai
- Condensed Matter Research Center (CMRC) and Photon Factory
- Institute of Materials Structure Science
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Youichi Murakami
- Condensed Matter Research Center (CMRC) and Photon Factory
- Institute of Materials Structure Science
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Hatsumi Mori
- The Institute for Solid State Physics
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
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4
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Wright IA, Wilson C, Coles SJ, Skabara PJ. Broadband near-IR absorbing Au-dithiolene complexes bearing redox-active oligothiophene ligands. Dalton Trans 2018; 48:107-116. [PMID: 30462113 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03915a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of three homoleptic, monoanionic gold dithiolene complexes of oligothiophene ligands which coordinate via a central thiophene-3,4-dithiolate chelate are presented. The oligomer chains are three, five and seven thiophenes long and the complexes display hybrid optoelectronic properties featuring characteristics of both the oligothiophene chains and the delocalised metal dithiolene centre. The properties of the complexes have been characterised using a variety of spectroscopic and electrochemical methods complemented by computational studies. Solid state spectroelectrochemistry has revealed that upon oxidation these complexes display intense and broad absorption across the visible spectrum. In attempting to produce nickel analogues of these materials a single crystal of a photo-oxidised nickel dithiolene complex has also been isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain A Wright
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
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5
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Conformational behavior, redox and spectroscopic properties of gold dithiolene complexes: [Au(iPr-thiazYdt)2]−1 (Y = O, S, Se). Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Murata M, Kaji S, Nishimura H, Wakamiya A, Murata Y. Efficient Synthesis of One- and Two-Dimensional Multimetallic Gold-Bis(dithiolene) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michihisa Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Kyoto Japan
| | - Shoji Kaji
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Kyoto Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nishimura
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Kyoto Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Kyoto Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Kyoto Japan
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Kennedy SR, Kozar MN, Yennawar HP, Lear BJ. Synthesis and characterization of the gold dithiolene monoanion, (Bu4N)[Au(pdt = 2,3-pyrazinedithiol)2]. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li XY, Sun YG, Huo P, Shao MY, Ji SF, Zhu QY, Dai J. Metal centered oxidation or ligand centered oxidation of metal dithiolene? Spectral, electrochemical and structural studies on a nickel-4-pyridine-1,2-dithiolate system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:4016-23. [PMID: 23392287 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44054k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complex Et(4)N[Ni(4-pedt)(2)] (1) (4-pedt = 1-(pyridine-4-yl) ethylene-1,2-dithiolate) was synthesized to investigate the behaviour of metal dithiolene compounds upon protonation and oxidation by absorption spectroscopy, electrochemistry and structural analyses and to further understand the electronic states of the dithiolene compounds. It is unexpected that the 915 nm NIR transition band is not shifted when H(+) is added, and it is only affected (blue-shifted) when the compound is oxidized. All the evidence of electronic spectra indicates that the NIR band is relevant to the central [Ni(edt)(2)] moiety (edt = ethylenedithiolate), not the behaviour of individual Ni ions or ligands. It is also not the band of intermolecular interaction of a dimer. The moderately intense band appearing at 655 nm upon protonation is assigned to the intramolecular charge-transfer band between the [Ni(edt)(2)] moiety and the pyridine. The redox potentials of the metal dithiolene are sensitive to the protonation of the pyridyl group. The structures of monocationic complex and the protonated compounds [Ni(4-Hpedt)(2)]·ClO(4)·H(2)O (2) and [Ni(4-Hpedt)(2)]·PhSO(3)·2DMF (3) were characterized by single crystal X-ray determination. The structural data demonstrate that the oxidation of the monoanionic dithiolene complex to neutral does not change the Ni-S bond distances obviously, which further indicates that the process is not only the metal centered oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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Square-planar metal dithiolene complexes (M=Ni, Au) exhibiting cis and trans forms based on structurally flexible o-xylylene backbone. Polyhedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Bolligarla R, Das SK. New Square-Planar Bis(Dithiolene) Complexes: Synthesis, Crystallography, and Properties of [Bu4N][MIII(btdt)2] (M=Cu, Au) and [Bu4N]2[PtII(btdt)2] ({btdt}2 - =2,1,3-Benzenethiadiazole-5,6-dithiolate). Aust J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses, crystal structures, and properties of three new coordination complexes [Bu4N][MIII(btdt)2] [M = Cu (1), Au (2)] and [Bu4N]2[PtII(btdt)2] (3) ({btdt}2– = 2,1,3-benzenethiadiazole-5,6-dithiolate) are described. Compounds 1–3 crystallize in a triclinic P-1, and monoclinic P2(1)/c and C2/c space groups, respectively. The {MS4} chromophore lies in almost a square-planar coordination environment in complex 1, but has a slightly distorted square-planar geometry around the central metal ion in compounds 2 and 3. Interactions in the solid state have been studied by intermolecular contacts, in particular, compounds 2 and 3 have been characterized by S⋅⋅⋅N and S⋅⋅⋅S non-covalent interactions among dithiolate complexes, resulting in two- and one-dimensional supramolecular motifs, respectively. Complexes 1–3 show broad absorption bands in the visible region, with that of 3 being sensitive to solvent polarity. Complex 1 exhibits a very low reduction potential for a CuIII-coordination complex, while the PtII complex 3 shows two irreversible oxidative responses at 0.45 V and 0.74 V versus Ag/AgCl, respectively.
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Perochon R, Davidson P, Rouzière S, Camerel F, Piekara-Sady L, Guizouarn T, Fourmigué M. Probing magnetic interactions in columnar phases of a paramagnetic gold dithiolene complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02171g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bottenus BN, Kan P, Jenkins T, Ballard B, Rold TL, Barnes C, Cutler C, Hoffman TJ, Green MA, Jurisson SS. Gold(III) bis-thiosemicarbazonato complexes: synthesis, characterization, radiochemistry and X-ray crystal structure analysis. Nucl Med Biol 2009; 37:41-9. [PMID: 20122667 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A variety of (bis)thiosemicarbazone-based ligand systems have been investigated as chelating agents for Au(III) complexes with potential radiotherapeutic applications. Ligand systems containing an ethyl, propyl or butyl backbone between the two imine N donors have been synthesized to evaluate chelate ring size effects on the resultant Au(III) complex stability at the macroscopic and radiotracer levels. METHODS The Au(III) complexes were synthesized and characterized by NMR, electrospray ionization mass spectra, elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography. The (198)Au complexes were evaluated in vitro at the tracer level for stability in phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. One of these complexes [(198)Au(3,4-HxTSE)] showed high in vitro stability and was further evaluated in vivo in normal mice. RESULTS [Au(ATSM)]AuCl(4).2CH(3)OH, (ATSM=diacetyl-bis(N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazone)) H(14)C(8)N(6)O(2)S(2)Cl(4)Au(2).2CH(3)OH, crystallized from methanol in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a=14.7293(13) A, b=7.7432(7) A, c=20.4363(18) A, beta=100.140(2) degrees, V=2294.4 (4) A(3), Z=4; [Au(3,4-HxTSE)]Cl.CH(3)CH(2)OH/AuCl(2), (3,4-HxTSE=3,4-hexanedione-bis(N(4)-ethylthiosemicarbazone)) H(26)C(13.6)N(6)O(0.8)S(2)Cl(1.2)Au(1.2), crystallized from ethanol in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a=10.1990(10) A, b=13.8833(14) A, c=15.1752(15) A, beta=99.353(2) degrees , V=2120.2 (4) A(3), Z=4. CONCLUSIONS These studies revealed poor stability of the [(198)Au][Au(3,4-HxTSE)](+) complex; however, crystal structure data suggest potential alterations to the ligand backbone may increase stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brienne N Bottenus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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14
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Perochon R, Piekara-Sady L, Jurga W, Clérac R, Fourmigué M. Amphiphilic paramagnetic neutral gold dithiolene complexes. Dalton Trans 2009:3052-61. [DOI: 10.1039/b820819k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Groysman S, Wang JJ, Tagore R, Lee SC, Holm RH. A Biomimetic Approach to Oxidized Sites in the Xanthine Oxidoreductase Family: Synthesis and Stereochemistry of Tungsten(VI) Analogue Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:12794-807. [DOI: 10.1021/ja804000k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Jun-Jieh Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Ranitendranath Tagore
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Sonny C. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - R. H. Holm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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Nomura M, Fourmigué M. Isostructural diamagnetic cobalt(III) and paramagnetic nickel(III) dithiolene complexes with an extended benzenedithiolate core [CpMIII(bdtodt)] (M=Co and Ni). J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Kokatam S, Ray K, Pap J, Bill E, Geiger WE, LeSuer RJ, Rieger PH, Weyhermüller T, Neese F, Wieghardt K. Molecular and electronic structure of square-planar gold complexes containing two 1,2-Di(4-tert-butylphenyl)ethylene-1,2-dithiolato ligands: [Au(2L)2]1+/0/1-/2-. A combined experimental and computational study. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:1100-11. [PMID: 17291110 DOI: 10.1021/ic061181u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
From the reaction of in situ generated 1,2-di(4-tert-butylphenyl)ethylene-1,2-dithiol, 2LH2, and Na[AuCl4].2H2O in 1,4-dioxane, green brown crystals of diamagnetic [N(n-Bu)4][AuIII(2L)2] (1) were obtained. As shown by cyclic voltammetry, 1 is a member of an electron-transfer series comprising the dianion [AuII(2L)2]2-, the monoanion [AuIII(2L)2]-, the neutral species [AuIII(2L*)(2L)]0 <--> [AuIII(2L)(2L*)]0, and the monocation [AuIII(2L*)2]+. (2L*)1- represents the pi radical anion (Srad = 1/2) of the one-electron oxidized closed-shell dianion (2L)2-. Oxidation of 1 in CH2Cl2 with ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate affords green, paramagnetic microcrystals of [AuIII(2L*)(2L)] <--> [AuIII(2L)(2L*)] (2) (S = 1/2). Complexes 1 and 2 have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. Both species possess square-planar monoanions and neutral molecules, respectively. From the oxidation reaction of 1 or [N(n-Bu)4][AuIII(3L)2] with 2-3 equiv of [NO]BF4 in CH2Cl2, a green solution of [AuIII(2L*)2]+ and green microcrystals of [AuIII(3L*)2]BF4 (3) were obtained, respectively; (3L)2- represents the dianion 1,2-di(4-diphenyl)ethylene-1,2-dithiolate, and (3L*)1- is its pi radical monoanion. The electronic structures of this series of gold species have been elucidated by UV-vis, EPR spectroscopies, and DFT calculations. It is shown computationally by density functional theoretical (DFT) methods that the electronic structure of [AuIII(1L*)2]+ is best described as a singlet diradical (St = 0); the ligand mixed valency in the neutral species 2 is of class (III) (delocalized); the monoanion in 1 contains a AuIII ion and two closed-shell dianionic ligands; and the corresponding dianions [Au(L)2]2- are best described as an intermediate AuII/AuIII species with a metal-ligand delocalized SOMO (25% Au 5d, 75% 3p of four S atoms). (1L)2- is the dianion 1,2-di(phenyl)ethylene-1,2-dithiolate, and (1L*)1- is the pi radical monoanion. The neutral species [PdII(2L*)2] (4) has also been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Its electronic structure is the same as described for [AuIII(1L*)2]+ (singlet diradical), whereas that of the monoanion [PdII(2L*)(2L)]- <--> [Pd(2L)(2L*)]- corresponds to that of the neutral gold complex 2. Anodic oxidation of the analogous monoanion [AuIII(mnt)2]-, where mnt = maleonitriledithiolate, gave the neutral complex [Au(mnt)(mnt*)] (E1/2 = 0.91 V vs Fc+/Fc). The optical and EPR spectroscopies of [Au(mnt)(mnt*)] were consistent with those observed for the corresponding di(tert-butylphenyl)ethylenedithiolate complex 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnalatha Kokatam
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Periyasamy G, Burton NA, Hillier IH, Vincent MA, Disley H, McMaster J, Garner CD. The dithioleneligand—‘innocent’ or ‘non-innocent’? A theoretical and experimental study of some cobalt–dithiolene complexes. Faraday Discuss 2007; 135:469-88; discussion 489-506. [PMID: 17328443 DOI: 10.1039/b607144a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As Jørgensen pointed out in 1966 (Coord. Chem. Rev., 1966, 1, 164), a ligand is to be regarded as 'innocent' if it allows the oxidation state of a metal in a complex to be defined. In this respect, the vast majority of ligands are 'innocent' and, therefore, ligands that are 'non-innocent' have received special attention. Dithiolenes have been regarded as 'non-innocent' ligands since it is possible to consider a ligand of this type to be present in a complex as either: (i) an ene-1,2-dithiolate dianion or (ii) a neutral dithioketone. On this basis, the electronic structure of a dithiolene complex can be described by a set of resonance structures, each of which involves the dithiolene in one of the two forms with the oxidation state of the metal centre being adjusted accordingly. The relative importance of these structures is expected to be reflected in the corresponding molecular structure and spectroscopic properties. In this paper we present a theoretical study of the pair of related 5-cyclopentadienyl cobalt dithiolene complexes, [CpCo(S2C2(H)Ph)] and [CpCo(S2C2(H)Ph)(PMe3)]. Density functional theory calculations successfully predict their different structures and NMR chemical shifts, which we have measured. These wavefunctions have been analysed, particularly in terms of Natural Bond Orbitals and Nucleus Independent Chemical Shifts in an attempt to understand how "innocence" or otherwise is reflected in the experimental data. To this end, a similar analysis is applied to the gold complexes [Au(S2C2(H)Ph)2] and [Au(S2C2(H)Ph)2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganga Periyasamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK M13 9PL
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Petrenko T, Ray K, Wieghardt KE, Neese F. Vibrational markers for the open-shell character of transition metal bis-dithiolenes: an infrared, resonance raman, and quantum chemical study. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:4422-36. [PMID: 16569020 DOI: 10.1021/ja0578451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes involving the benzene-1,2-dithiol (L(2-)) and Sellmann's 3,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,2-dithiol(L(Bu 2-)) ligands have been studied by UV-vis, infrared (IR), and resonance Raman (rR) spectroscopies. Raman spectra were obtained in resonance with the intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) bands in the near-infrared region and ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) bands in the near-UV region. Geometry optimization and frequency calculations using density functional theory (DFT) have been performed for [M(L)(2)](z) and [M(L(Bu))(2)](z) species (M = Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Cu, Au, z = -1; M = Au, z = 0). On the basis of frequency calculations and normal-mode analysis, we have assigned the most important totally symmetric vibrations as well as corresponding overtone and combination bands that appear in rR spectra of compounds [Ni(L)(2)](1-), [M(L(Bu))(2)](1-) (M = Ni, Pt, Co, Cu). Experimental values of dimensionless normal coordinate displacements in excited states have been determined by fitting of rR spectra together with the absorption band shape, based on the time-dependent theory of Heller. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and multireference post-Hartree-Fock ab initio calculations, using the difference dedicated configuration interaction (MR-DDCI) method, were carried out to evaluate dimensionless normal coordinate displacements quantum chemically. The calculations show encouraging agreement with the experimental values. The large distortions along several normal modes led to significant vibronic broadening of IVCT and LMCT bands, and the broadening was accounted for in the deconvolution of the absorption spectra. The presence of an intense rR band around approximately 1100 cm(-1) was found to be a reliable marker for the presence of sulfur-based radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Petrenko
- Max Planck Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Tunney JM, Blake AJ, Davies ES, McMaster J, Wilson C, Garner CD. Synthesis and structure of gold(III) complexes of asymmetric dithiolene ligands. Polyhedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2005.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ray K, Weyhermüller T, Neese F, Wieghardt K. Electronic Structure of Square Planar Bis(benzene-1,2-dithiolato)metal Complexes [M(L)2]z(z= 2−, 1−, 0; M = Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Au): An Experimental, Density Functional, and Correlated ab Initio Study. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:5345-60. [PMID: 16022533 DOI: 10.1021/ic0507565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The three diamagnetic square planar complexes of nickel(II), palladium(II), and platinum(II) containing two S,S-coordinated 3,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,2-dithiolate ligands, (L(Bu))(2-), namely [M(II)(L(Bu))(2)](2-), have been synthesized. The corresponding paramagnetic monoanions [M(II)(L(Bu))(L(Bu)(*))](-) (S = (1)/(2)) and the neutral diamagnetic species [M(II)(L(Bu)(*))(2)] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) have also been generated in solution or in the solid state as [N(n-Bu)(4)][M(II)(L(Bu))(L(Bu)(*))] salts. The corresponding complex [Cu(III)(L(Bu))(2)](-) has also been investigated. The complexes have been studied by UV-vis, IR, and EPR spectroscopy and by X-ray crystallography; their electro- and magnetochemistry is reported. The electron-transfer series [M(L(Bu))(2)](2-,-,0) is shown to be ligand based involving formally one (L(Bu)(*))(-) pi radical in the monoanion or two in the neutral species [M(II)(L(Bu)(*))(2)] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt). Geometry optimizations using all-electron density functional theory with scalar relativistic corrections at the second-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess (DKH2) and zeroth-order regular approximation (ZORA) levels result in excellent agreement with the experimentally determined structures and electronic spectra. For the three neutral species a detailed analysis of the orbital structures reveals that the species may best be described as containing two strongly antiferromagnetically interacting ligand radicals. Furthermore, multiconfigurational ab initio calculations using the spectroscopy oriented configuration interaction (SORCI) approach including the ZORA correction were carried out. The calculations predict the position of the intervalence charge-transfer band well. Chemical trends in the diradical characters deduced from the multiconfigurational singlet ground-state wave function along a series of metals and ligands were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallol Ray
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
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Schiødt NC, Sessoli R, Krebs FC. Ferromagnetic ordering in bis(benzene)chromium(+) Bis(4,5-dimethoxybenzene-1,2-dithiolato)nickel(-). Inorg Chem 2004; 43:1986-91. [PMID: 15018520 DOI: 10.1021/ic034610m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The compound bis(benzene)chromium(+) bis(4,5-dimethoxy-1,2-benzenedithiolato)nickel(-), [Cr(bz)(2)](+)[Ni(dmox)(2)](-), was prepared as well-defined crystals by a metathesis reaction. X-ray single-crystal structure confirms the expected symmetries of the cations (D6h) and anions (D2h). The Ni-S bond length is typical for a monoanionic bis(arene)-1,2-dithiolato nickel complex thus confirming the ascribed charges. The structure reveals interpenetrating cation and anion sublattices where all ions are well separated from other ions of the same charge and with almost perpendicular symmetry planes of cations and anions. Above ca. 10 K the compound is paramagnetic and follows the Curie-Weiss law for S = 1/2 on each ion with a Weiss temperature of 8.5 K. Magnetic susceptibility and magnetization studies reveal the transition to a ferromagnetically ordered phase at 3.4 K. The ferromagnetic interaction is likely to occur through short contacts between anion heteroatoms (O and Ni) and cation H atoms, forming a 2-D network. A third dimension is possible through somewhat longer interionic S-H contacts. The Curie-Weiss law behavior can be modeled for 1-D chains with a ferromagnetic interaction of J = 11.6 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Chr Schiødt
- Department of Chemistry, The H. C. Ørsted Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Ø Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Ray K, Weyhermüller T, Goossens A, Crajé MWJ, Wieghardt K. Do S,S'-coordinated o-dithiobenzosemiquinonate(1-) radicals exist in coordination compounds? the [AuIII(1,2-C6H4S2)2]1 -/0 couple. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:4082-7. [PMID: 12817965 DOI: 10.1021/ic0207092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The square planar, light-green, diamagnetic complex [N(n-Bu)(4)][Au(III)(L(t)()(-)(Bu))(2)] (1) reacts with iodine in acetone affording the neutral paramagnetic species [Au(L(t)()(-)(Bu))(2)] (1a) (S = (1)/(2)) where H(2)[L(t)()(-)(Bu)] represents the ligand 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzenedithiol. The corresponding complexes containing the unsubstituted ligand H(2)[L], 1,2-benzenedithiol, namely [N(n-Bu)(3)H][Au(L)(2)] (2) and [Au(L)(2)] (2a), have also been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography; the structure of the latter has been reported in ref 10. (197)Au Mössbauer spectra of 1 and 1a clearly show that the one-electron oxidation is ligand-centered and does not involve the formation of Au(IV) (d(7)). The spectroscopic features of the ligand mixed-valent species 1a were determined by UV-vis, EPR, and IR spectroscopy which allows the detection of S,S-coordinated 1,2-dithiobenzosemiquinonate(1-) radicals in coordination compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallol Ray
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Edwards AJ, Willis AC, Wenger E. Reactions of Benzyne−Nickel(0) Complexes with Thioalkynes: Preparation and Coordination of Polydentate Thioethers Containing a 2,3-Naphthylene Backbone. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om010997u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Edwards
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Building 35, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Building 35, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Eric Wenger
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Building 35, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Simão D, Alves H, Belo D, Rabaça S, Lopes E, Santos I, Gama V, Duarte M, Henriques R, Novais H, Almeida M. Synthesis, Structure and Physical Properties of Tetrabutylammonium Salts of Nickel Complexes with the New Ligand dcbdt = 4,5-dicyanobenzene-1,2-dithiolate, [Ni(dcbdt)2]z− (z = 0.4, 1, 2). Eur J Inorg Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0682(200112)2001:12<3119::aid-ejic3119>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sanna G, Pilo MI, Spano N, Minghetti G, Cinellu MA, Zucca A, Seeber R. Electrochemical behaviour of cyclometallated gold(III) complexes. Evidence of transcyclometallation in the fate of electroreduced species. J Organomet Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)00822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Barnholtz SL, Lydon JD, Huang G, Venkatesh M, Barnes CL, Ketring AR, Jurisson SS. Syntheses and Characterization of Gold(III) Tetradentate Schiff Base Complexes. X-ray Crystal Structures of [Au(sal2pn)]Cl·2.5H2O and [Au(sal2en)]PF6. Inorg Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ic001073m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven L. Barnholtz
- Department of Chemistry and Missouri University Research Reactor (MURR), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - John D. Lydon
- Department of Chemistry and Missouri University Research Reactor (MURR), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Gloria Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Missouri University Research Reactor (MURR), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Meera Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry and Missouri University Research Reactor (MURR), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Charles L. Barnes
- Department of Chemistry and Missouri University Research Reactor (MURR), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Alan R. Ketring
- Department of Chemistry and Missouri University Research Reactor (MURR), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Silvia S. Jurisson
- Department of Chemistry and Missouri University Research Reactor (MURR), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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Sanna G, Pilo MI, Minghetti G, Cinellu MA, Spano N, Seeber R. Electrochemical properties of gold(III) complexes with 2,2′-bipyridine and oxygen ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)00264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kühlkamp P, Raubenheimer HG, Field JS, Desmet M. Cyclic voltammetry of heterocyclic Au(I) and Au(III) carbene complexes. J Organomet Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(97)00527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Geisler T, Pedersen K, Underhill AE, Dhindsa AS, Greve DR, Bjørnholm T, Petersen JC. Spectral Dispersion of Third-Harmonic Generation in Thin Films Containing Transition Metal Complexes. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971409m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan C. Petersen
- Danish Institute of Fundamental Metrology, Building 307, Anker Engelunds Vej 1, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Noh DY, Mizuno M, Kim DK, Yoon JB, Choy JH. X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) study of nickel bisdithiolenes, (n-Bu4N)x[Ni(dmbit)2] (x = 2, 1, 0.29) and (n-Bu4N)[Ni(dmbbip)2]. Polyhedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(96)00401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cleary CF, Robertson N, Takahashi M, Underhill AE, Hibbs DE, Hursthouse MB, Abdul Malik K. Synthesis and characterization of [PPh4][M(diod)2], MNi, Pd, Cu or Au; crystal structure of [PPh4][Cu(diod)2]. Polyhedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(96)00381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schiodt NC, Bjornholm T, Bechgaard K, Neumeier JJ, Allgeier C, Jacobsen CS, Thorup N. Structural, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of bis-benzene-1,2-dithiolato-Au(IV) crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:1773-1778. [PMID: 9983635 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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