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Zhang H, Li H, Sun S, Tan L, Shen H, Lin B, Yang P. N-Embedded Cubarene: A Quadrangular Member of the Macrocycle Family. Org Lett 2023; 25:2078-2083. [PMID: 36946503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the large number of synthetic macrocycles, the cubarenes, the quadrangular-shaped macrocyclic arenes, remain less investigated, possibly due either to synthetic challenges or to the lack of suitable building blocks. In this paper, a N-embedded cubarene (cub[4]indolocarbazole) is facilely synthesized by FeCl3·6H2O-catalyzed cyclization in dichloromethane. The endo cavity of cub[4]indolocarbazole can bury quaternary ammonium salts in an intramolecular manner, whereas the intermolecular interaction between its exo walls with Cu2+ generates two-dimensional supramolecular tessellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Heshan Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Shitao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Hongyan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
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Colston KJ, Dille SA, Mogesa B, Astashkin AV, Brant JA, Zeller M, Basu P. Design, Synthesis, and Structure of Copper Dithione Complexes: Redox‐Dependent Charge Transfer. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Colston
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University‐Purdue University Indianapolis 402 N. Blackford Street 46202 Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Sara A. Dille
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University‐Purdue University Indianapolis 402 N. Blackford Street 46202 Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Benjamin Mogesa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Duquesne University 15282 Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Andrei V. Astashkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona 85721 Tucson AZ USA
| | - Jacilynn A. Brant
- The Air Force Research Laboratory Aerospace Systems Directorate 1950 Fifth Street, Building 18 45433 Wright‐Patterson Air Force Base Ohio USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive 47907 West Lafayette IN USA
| | - Partha Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University‐Purdue University Indianapolis 402 N. Blackford Street 46202 Indianapolis IN USA
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Taylor MK, Trotter KD, Reglinski J, Berlouis LE, Kennedy AR, Spickett CM, Sowden RJ. Copper N2S2 Schiff base macrocycles: The effect of structure on redox potential. Inorganica Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chmielewski PJ, Latos-Grażyński L, Olmstead MM, Balch AL. Nickel Complexes of 21-Oxaporphyrin and 21, 23-Dioxaporphyrin. Chemistry 2006; 3:268-78. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19970030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/1996] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Batchelor RJ, Einstein FW, Gay ID, Gu JH, Mehta S, Pinto BM, Zhou XM. Synthesis, characterization, and redox behavior of new selenium coronands and of copper(I) and copper(II) complexes of selenium coronands. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:2558-71. [PMID: 11197010 DOI: 10.1021/ic991345p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Batchelor
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
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Batchelor RJ, Einstein FWB, Gay ID, Gu JH, Pinto BM, Zhou XM. Redox chemistry of the selenium coronand, 1,5,9,13-tetraselenacyclohexadecane, and a mechanistic study of the electron transfer reaction of its Cu(II) complex. CAN J CHEM 2000. [DOI: 10.1139/v00-067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of Cu(16Se4)(SO3CF3)2 (1) shows a centrosymmetric complex having tetragonally distorted octahedral coordination about Cu with trans-axial triflate ligands; CuO 2.464(5) Å. The stereochemistry of the coronand is c,t,c; CuSe 2.4592(9), 2.4553(9) Å. 1: T = 190 K; fw = 845.83; space group P21/n; Z = 2; a = 8.220(2), b = 10.965(4), c = 14.657(5) Å; V = 1273.4 Å3; Rf = 0.037 for 1708 data (Io [Formula: see text] 2.5sigma(Io)) and 152 variables. When recrystallized from MeNO2Et2O 1 undergoes an electron-transfer reaction to give Cu(I) as well as the intermediate radical cation [16Se4]·+ and the stable dication [16Se4]2+. The crystal structure of a mixed MeCNCH2Cl2 solvate of [(16Se4)][SO3CF3]2 (2) revealed the [16Se4]2+ cation which displays two transannular SeSe bonds of 2.5916(15) and 2.6689(15) Å, linking three of the Se atoms in an approximately linear relationship. The central Se atom of this grouping also has a close contact to the fourth Se atom of the molecule of 3.3941(20) Å. 2·solv: T = 195 K; fw = 828; space group P1-; Z = 2; a = 9.015(2), b = 12.850(3), c = 13.835(3) Å; α = 63.98(2), β = 74.71(2), γ = 73.59(2)°; V = 1363.3 Å3; Rf = 0.042 for 2098 data (I0 [Formula: see text] 2.5σ(I0)) and 254 variables. A solid-state 77Se NMR spectrum of 2 shows 4 lines, with isotropic shifts ranging from 173 to 737 ppm. The line widths are all different, and we obtain a tentative assignment by attributing this to differences in dipolar coupling to 19F. Significant differences in chemical shift anisotropy are observed for the various selenium atoms. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy has been used to characterize 1 and its reduction products. 1 absorbs at 560, 464, and 310 nm. Reaction of 1 with the free ligand 16Se4 leads to the disappearance of these peaks, and the growth of a new peak at 320 nm. Oxidation of 16Se4 by NOBF4 produced a transient peak at 320 nm, and subsequently a peak at 256 nm. From the dependence of intensity on 16Se4 concentration, we infer that the former arises from a dimeric species; we assign the lines to the radical cations (16Se4)2+· and 16Se4+·, respectively. Electrochemical studies have been carried out on 1 and on 16Se4. Cyclic voltammetry of 1 shows a two-step reduction to Cu(II)L+· (L = 16Se4) and subsequently to Cu(I)L+. Electrochemical oxidation of 16Se4 leads to 16Se4+· and 16Se42+. Spectroelectrochemical studies showed that oxidation to 16Se4+· gives rise to a band at 256 nm, as seen in chemical oxidation, and at high concentrations a band at 322 nm is also seen, supporting the assignment of this species to the dimeric radical cation. The EPR spectrum of 1 in CH3NO2 solution gave an isotropic g value of 2.053 with hyperfine constants ACuiso = 75 G and ASeiso = 65 G. The low temperature EPR spectrum of 1, measured at -148°C in CH3NO2:toluene (1:1 v/v), gave values of g// = 2.085, ACu// = 160 G; g[Formula: see text] = 2.049, ACu[Formula: see text] = 46 G. An EPR spectrum of 1 in CH3NO2 in the presence of added 16Se4 showed a decrease in intensity of the signals attributable to 1 and the emergence of new signals that are presumed to arise from a species with radical cation character. We have carried out kinetic studies on the reaction between 1 and 16Se4. It is found that the reaction is first order in each of these species, second order overall. The reaction stoichiometry is 2 Cu(16Se4)2+ + 16Se4 –> 2 Cu(16Se4)+ + 16Se42+. These results can be explained by the simple mechanism Cu(II)L2+ + L = L+· + Cu(I)L+, followed by Cu(II)L2+ + L+· –> L2+ + Cu(I)L+. The activation energy is found to be 35 kJ mol-1.Key words: selenium coronands, Cu(II) complex, redox chemistry, mechanism, electron transfer.
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Holloway CE, Melnik M. COPPER(I) COMPOUNDS: CLASSIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF CRYSTALLO GRAPHIC AND STRUCTURAL DATA. REV INORG CHEM 1995. [DOI: 10.1515/revic.1995.15.3-4.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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