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Andrade MA, Martins LMDRS. Novel Chemotherapeutic Agents - The Contribution of Scorpionates. Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:7452-7475. [PMID: 30215328 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180914104237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of safe and effective chemotherapeutic agents is one of the uppermost priorities and challenges of medicinal chemistry and new transition metal complexes are being continuously designed and tested as anticancer agents. Scorpionate ligands have played a great role in coordination chemistry, since their discovery by Trofimenko in the late 1960s, with significant contributions in the fields of catalysis and bioinorganic chemistry. Scorpionate metal complexes have also shown interesting anticancer properties, and herein, the most recent (last decade) and relevant scorpionate complexes reported for application in medicinal chemistry as chemotherapeutic agents are reviewed. The current progress on the anticancer properties of transition metal complexes bearing homo- or hetero- scorpionate ligands, derived from bis- or tris-(pyrazol-1-yl)-borate or -methane moieties is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Andrade
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa M D R S Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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2
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Silva F, Fernandes C, Campello MPC, Paulo A. Metal complexes of tridentate tripod ligands in medical imaging and therapy. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Pascual-Álvarez A, Topala T, Estevan F, Sanz F, Alzuet-Piña G. Photoinduced and Self-Activated Nuclease Activity of Copper(II) Complexes withN-(Quinolin-8-yl)quinolin-8-sulfonamide - DNA and Bovine Serum Albumin Binding. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Singh V, Mondal PC, Kumar A, Jeyachandran YL, Awasthi SK, Gupta RD, Zharnikov M. Surface confined heteroleptic copper(II)-polypyridyl complexes for photonuclease activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:11484-7. [PMID: 25131185 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05063k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heteroleptic copper(II)-polypyridyl complexes with extended π-conjugated, aromatic terminal units were immobilized on glass/Si substrates to intercalate DNA and cleave it upon photoexposure. Photonuclease activity is shown to be high, well reproducible and non-destructible towards the assembled complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India
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Zhang Z, Mei W, Wu X, Wang X, Wang B, Chen S. Synthesis and characterization of chiral ruthenium(II) complexes Λ /Δ-[Ru(bpy) 2(H 2iip)](ClO 4) 2 as stabilizers of c- myc G-quadruplex DNA. J COORD CHEM 2015; 68:1465-1475. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1014352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenjie Mei
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Baoguo Wang
- College of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Sidong Chen
- College of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Chakravarty AR, Roy M. Photoactivated DNA Cleavage and Anticancer Activity of 3d Metal Complexes. PROGRESS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118148235.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chen J, Ren X, Le X, Feng X. Synthesis, Characterization and Nuclease Activity of Ternary Copper(II) Complexes Containing Dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]-phenazine and L-α-Amino Acids. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Liu H, Kou YY, Feng L, Li DD, Gao CY, Tian JL, Zhang JY, Yan SP. Synthesis, structure and DNA cleavage of mononuclear Fe(III) complexes with 1,2,4-triazole-base ligand. Appl Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I – Bioanorganische Chemie and Research Department Interfacial Systems Chemistry (RD IFSC), Ruhr‐Universität Bochum NC 3/74, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany, Fax: +49‐234‐32‐14378
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Sasmal PK, Saha S, Majumdar R, De S, Dighe RR, Chakravarty AR. Oxovanadium(iv) complexes of phenanthroline bases: the dipyridophenazine complex as a near-IR photocytotoxic agent. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:2147-58. [DOI: 10.1039/b917265c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Deshpande MS, Kumbhar AS, Näther C. Stabilization of acyclic water tetramer in a copper(ii) malonate framework structure. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:9146-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00672f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Sasmal PK, Saha S, Majumdar R, Dighe RR, Chakravarty AR. Photocytotoxic Oxovanadium(IV) Complexes Showing Light-Induced DNA and Protein Cleavage Activity. Inorg Chem 2009; 49:849-59. [DOI: 10.1021/ic900701s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pijus K. Sasmal
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sounik Saha
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ritankar Majumdar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Rajan R. Dighe
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Akhil R. Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Roy S, Saha S, Majumdar R, Dighe RR, Chakravarty AR. Photocytotoxic 3d-Metal Scorpionates with a 1,8-Naphthalimide Chromophore Showing Photoinduced DNA and Protein Cleavage Activity. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:9501-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic9015355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sovan Roy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics
- Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sounik Saha
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics
- Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ritankar Majumdar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics
- Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Rajan R. Dighe
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics
- Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Akhil R. Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics
- Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Roy M, Santhanagopal R, Chakravarty AR. DNA binding and oxidative DNA cleavage activity of (μ-oxo)diiron(iii) complexes in visible light. Dalton Trans 2009:1024-33. [DOI: 10.1039/b815215b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Roy S, Patra AK, Dhar S, Chakravarty AR. Photosensitizer in a Molecular Bowl and its Effect on the DNA-Binding and -Cleavage Activity of 3d-Metal Scorpionates. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:5625-33. [DOI: 10.1021/ic702508r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sovan Roy
- Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ashis K. Patra
- Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Shanta Dhar
- Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Akhil R. Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Ghosh M, Biswas P, Flörke U. Structural, spectroscopic and redox properties of transition metal complexes of dipyrido[3,2-f:2′,3′-h]-quinoxaline (dpq). Polyhedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2007.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Le XY, Gu Q, Song ZJ, Zhuang CX, Feng XL. Synthesis, molecular structure, DNA binding and cleavage properties of a novel ternary Cu(II) complex containing dipyrido[3,2-a : 2′3′-c]phenazine and L-tryptophanate. J COORD CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970701394179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yi Le
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , College of Sciences, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Qin Gu
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , College of Sciences, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Jun Song
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , College of Sciences, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Chu Xiong Zhuang
- b College of Life Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Long Feng
- c Center of Analysis and Measurement , Zhongshan University , Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
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Wang XL, Chao H, Peng B, Ji LN, Zhang J. Synthesis, DNA binding and oxidative cleavage studies of an asymmetric tridentate copper(II) complex. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-006-0133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dhar S, Nethaji M, Chakravarty AR. DNA Cleavage on Photoexposure at the d−d Band in Ternary Copper(II) Complexes Using Red-Light Laser. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:11043-50. [PMID: 17173464 DOI: 10.1021/ic060328e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ternary copper(II) complexes [Cu(L1)B](ClO4) (1, 2) and [Cu(L2)B](ClO4) (3, 4), where HL1 and HL2 are tridentate NSO- and ONO-donor Schiff bases and B is a heterocyclic base, viz. dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq, 1 and 3) or dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz, 2 and 4), were prepared and their DNA binding and photoinduced DNA cleavage activity studied. Complex 1, structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, shows an axially elongated square-pyramidal (4 + 1) coordination geometry in which the monoanionic L1 binds at the equatorial plane. The NN-donor dpq ligand exhibits an axial-equatorial binding mode. The complexes display good binding propensity to calf thymus DNA, giving a relative order 2 (NSO-dppz) > 4 (ONO-dppz) > 1 (NSO-dpq) > 3 (ONO-dpq). They cleave supercoiled pUC19 DNA to its nicked circular form when treated with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) by formation of hydroxyl radicals as the cleavage active species under dark reaction conditions. The photoinduced DNA cleavage activity of the complexes was investigated using UV radiation of 365 nm and red light of 633, 647.1, and 676.4 nm (CW He-Ne and Ar-Kr mixed gas ion laser sources) in the absence of MPA. Complexes 1 and 2, having photoactive NSO-donor Schiff base and dpq/dppz ligands, show dual photosensitizing effects involving both the photoactive ligands in the ternary structure with significantly better cleavage properties when compared to those of 3 and 4, having only photoactive dpq/dppz ligands. Involvement of singlet oxygen in the light-induced DNA cleavage reactions is proposed. A significant enhancement of the red-light-induced DNA cleavage activity is observed for the dpq and dppz complexes containing the sulfur ligand when compared to their earlier reported phen (1,10-phenanthroline) analogue. Enhancement of the cleavage activity on photoexposure at the d-d band indicates the occurrence of metal-assisted photosensitization processes involving the LMCT and d-d band in the ternary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta Dhar
- Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Dhar S, Nethaji M, Chakravarty AR. Steric Protection of a Photosensitizer in a N,N-Bis[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]-2-phenylethylamine-copper(II) Bowl that Enhances Red Light-Induced DNA Cleavage Activity. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:8876-83. [PMID: 16296843 DOI: 10.1021/ic0505246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ternary copper(II) complexes [Cu(py2phe)B](ClO4)2 (1-3), where py2phe is a tripodal ligand N,N-bis[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]-2-phenylethylamine and B is a heterocyclic base (viz., 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, 1), dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq, 2), or dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz, 3)), are prepared and their DNA-binding and photoinduced DNA-cleavage activities are studied. Complex 1 has been structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The molecular structure shows an axially elongated square-pyramidal (4 + 1) coordination geometry in which the phen ligand binds at the basal plane. The tripodal ligand py2phe displays an axial-equatorial binding mode with the amine nitrogen bonded at the axial site. A chemically significant CH-pi interaction involving the CH moiety of the phenyl group of the tripodal ligand and the aromatic ring of phen is observed. The complexes display good binding propensity to calf thymus DNA giving a relative order of 3 (dppz) > 2 (dpq) > 1 (phen). The DNA binding constants (K(b)) for 1-3, determined from absorption spectral studies, are 6.2 x 10(3), 1.0 x 10(4), and 5.7 x 10(4) M(-1), respectively. The complexes show chemical nuclease activity in the presence of 3-mercaptopropionic acid as a reducing agent forming hydroxyl radicals as the cleavage active species. The photoinduced DNA-cleavage activity of the complexes has been studied using UV radiation of 365 nm and red light of 632.8 and 694 nm. The phen complex in absence of any photosensitizing moiety does not show any DNA cleavage upon photoirradiation. The dpq and dppz ligands with their photoactive quinoxaline and phenazine moieties display significant photoinduced DNA-cleavage activity. The dppz complex is more active than its dpq analogue because of the better steric protection of the DNA-bound photosensitizing dppz ligand from the solvent molecules. Control experiments reveal the formation of singlet oxygen in the light-induced DNA-cleavage reactions. The observed efficient photoinduced DNA-cleavage activity of 2 and 3 is akin to the "light switch" effect known for the tris-chelates of ruthenium(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta Dhar
- Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Patra AK, Nethaji M, Chakravarty AR. Red-light photosensitized cleavage of DNA by (l-lysine)(phenanthroline base)copper(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2005:2798-804. [PMID: 16075123 DOI: 10.1039/b506310h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ternary copper(II) complexes [Cu(l-lys)B(ClO4)](ClO4)(1-4), where B is a heterocyclic base, viz. 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy, 1), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, 2), dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq, 3) and dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazene (dppz, 4), are prepared and their DNA binding and photo-induced DNA cleavage activity studied (l-lys =l-lysine). Complex 2, structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography, shows a square-pyramidal (4 + 1) coordination geometry in which the N,O-donor l-lysine and N,N-donor heterocyclic base bind at the basal plane and the perchlorate ligand is bonded at the elongated axial site. The crystal structure shows the presence of a pendant cationic amine moiety -(CH2)4NH3+ of l-lysine. The one-electron paramagnetic complexes display a d-d band in the range of 598-762 nm in DMF and exhibit cyclic voltammetric response due to Cu(II)/Cu(I) couple in the range of 0.07 to -0.20 V vs. SCE in DMF-Tris-HCl buffer. The complexes having phenanthroline bases display good binding propensity to the calf thymus DNA giving an order: 4 (dppz) > 3 (dpq) > 2 (phen)>> 1 (bpy). Control cleavage experiments using pUC19 supercoiled DNA and distamycin suggest major groove binding for the dppz and minor groove binding for the other complexes. Complexes 2-4 show efficient DNA cleavage activity on UV (365 nm) or visible light (694 nm ruby laser) irradiation via a mechanistic pathway involving formation of singlet oxygen as the reactive species. The amino acid l-lysine bound to the metal shows photosensitizing effect at red light, while the heterocyclic bases are primarily DNA groove binders. The dpq and dppz ligands display red light-induced photosensitizing effects in copper-bound form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis K Patra
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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