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Aragoni M, Arca M, Caltagirone C, Castellano C, Demartin F, Jones PG, Pivetta T, Podda E, Lippolis V, Murgia S, Picci G. Role of the Solvent in the Reactivity of Bis-4-imidazoline-2-selone Derivatives toward I 2: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15448-15465. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.Carla Aragoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Caltagirone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carlo Castellano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, I-20133Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Demartin
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, I-20133Milano, Italy
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, D-38106Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tiziana Pivetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Podda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Centro Servizi di Ateneo per la Ricerca-CeSAR, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sergio Murgia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Picci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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Beau M, Lee S, Kim S, Han WS, Jeannin O, Fourmigué M, Aubert E, Espinosa E, Jeon IR. Strong σ-Hole Activation on Icosahedral Carborane Derivatives for a Directional Halide Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:366-370. [PMID: 32926491 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Crystal engineering based on σ-hole interactions is an emerging approach for realization of new materials with higher complexity. Neutral inorganic clusters derived from 1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane, substituted with -SeMe, -TeMe, and -I moieties on both skeletal carbon vertices are experimentally demonstrated herein as outstanding chalcogen- and halogen-bond donors. In particular, these new molecules strongly interact with halide anions in the solid-state. The halide ions are coordinated by one or two donor groups (μ1 - and μ2 -coordinations), to stabilize a discrete monomer or dimer motifs to 1D supramolecular zig-zag chains. Crucially, the observed chalcogen bond and halogen bond interactions feature remarkably short distances and high directionality. Electrostatic potential calculations further demonstrate the efficiency of the carborane derivatives, with Vs,max being similar or even superior to that of reference organic halogen-bond donors, such as iodopentafluorobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Beau
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), Campus de Beaulieu, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sik Han
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Olivier Jeannin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), Campus de Beaulieu, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Marc Fourmigué
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), Campus de Beaulieu, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuel Aubert
- Laboratoire CRM2, UMR CNRS 7036, Institut Jean Barriol, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Enrique Espinosa
- Laboratoire CRM2, UMR CNRS 7036, Institut Jean Barriol, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Ie-Rang Jeon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), Campus de Beaulieu, 35000, Rennes, France
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Beau M, Lee S, Kim S, Han W, Jeannin O, Fourmigué M, Aubert E, Espinosa E, Jeon I. Strong
σ
‐Hole Activation on Icosahedral Carborane Derivatives for a Directional Halide Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Beau
- Univ Rennes CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) Campus de Beaulieu 35000 Rennes France
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Department of Chemistry Seoul Women's University Seoul 01797 Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Seoul Women's University Seoul 01797 Republic of Korea
| | - Won‐Sik Han
- Department of Chemistry Seoul Women's University Seoul 01797 Republic of Korea
| | - Olivier Jeannin
- Univ Rennes CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) Campus de Beaulieu 35000 Rennes France
| | - Marc Fourmigué
- Univ Rennes CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) Campus de Beaulieu 35000 Rennes France
| | - Emmanuel Aubert
- Laboratoire CRM2 UMR CNRS 7036 Institut Jean Barriol Université de Lorraine BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Enrique Espinosa
- Laboratoire CRM2 UMR CNRS 7036 Institut Jean Barriol Université de Lorraine BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Ie‐Rang Jeon
- Univ Rennes CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) Campus de Beaulieu 35000 Rennes France
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Hua G, Woollins JD. Organophosphorus-selenium/tellurium reagents: from synthesis to applications. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2017-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Organic selenium- and tellurium-phosphorus compounds have found wide application as reagents in synthetic inorganic and organic chemistry, such as oxygen/chalcogen exchange, oxidation/reduction, nucleophilic/electrophilic substitution, nucleophilic addition, free radical addition, Diels–Alder reaction, cycloadditions, coordination, and so on. This chapter covers the main classes of phosphorus-selenium/tellurium reagents, including binary phosphorus-selenium/tellurium species, organophosphorus(III)-selenium/tellurium compounds, phosphorus(V)-selenides/tellurides, diselenophosphinates/ditellurophopshinates, diselenaphosphetane diselenides, Woollins’ reagent, phosphorus-selenium/tellurium amides, and imides. Given the huge amount of literature up to mid-2017, this overview is inevitably selective and will focus particularly on their synthesis, reactivity, and applications in synthetic and coordination chemistry.
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Poller MJ, Burford N, Karaghiosoff K. Reversible Oxidative Se-Se Coupling of Phosphine Selenides by Ph 3 Sb(OTf) 2. Chemistry 2018; 24:85-88. [PMID: 29034515 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Salts of diphosphoniumdiselenide dications ([R3 PSeSePR3 ][OTf]2 ) have been isolated from reactions of trialkylphosphine selenides with triphenylantimony bistriflate. The redox process is speculated to proceed via a cationic coordination complex [Ph3 SbL2 ][OTf]2 (L=Me3 PSe, iPr3 PSe), which is also formed in the reaction of [R3 PSeSePR3 ][OTf]2 with Ph3 Sb. The observations indicate that the reductive elimination of [R3 PSeSePR3 ]2+ from [Ph3 Sb(SePR3 )2 ]2+ is reversible through the oxidative addition of [R3 PSeSePR3 ]2+ to Ph3 Sb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian J Poller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., V82Y2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Neil Burford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., V82Y2, Canada
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Nordheider A, Woollins JD, Chivers T. Organophosphorus–Tellurium Chemistry: From Fundamentals to Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:10378-406. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Nordheider
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Tristram Chivers
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Hinz A, Kuzora R, Rosenthal U, Schulz A, Villinger A. Activation of Small Molecules by Phosphorus Biradicaloids. Chemistry 2014; 20:14659-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Nordheider A, Chivers T, Thirumoorthi R, Athukorala Arachchige KS, Slawin AMZ, Woollins JD, Vargas-Baca I. A planar dianionic ditelluride and a cyclic tritelluride supported by P2N2rings. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:3291-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32716c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Borisov AV, Matsulevich ZV, Osmanov VK, Borisova GN, Naumov VI, Mammadova GZ, Maharramov AM, Khrustalev VN, Kachala VV. Cycloaddition of 2-pyridinetellurenyl chloride to alkenes. Russ Chem Bull 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-012-0013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Supramolecular aggregation patterns based on the bio-inspired Se(lone pair)⋯π(aryl) synthon. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chivers T, Ritch JS, Robertson SD, Konu J, Tuononen HM. New insights into the chemistry of imidodiphosphinates from investigations of tellurium-centered systems. Acc Chem Res 2010; 43:1053-62. [PMID: 20402459 DOI: 10.1021/ar900272k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dichalcogenido-imidodiphosphinates, [N(PR(2)E)(2)](-) (R = alkyl, aryl), are chelating ligands that readily form cyclic complexes with main group metals, transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides. Since their discovery in the early 1960s, researchers have studied the structural chemistry of the resulting metal complexes (where E = O, S, Se) extensively and identified a variety of potential applications, including as NMR shift reagents, luminescent complexes in photonic devices, or single-source precursors for metal sulfides or selenides. In 2002, a suitable synthesis of the tellurium analogs [N(PR(2)Te)(2)](-) was developed. In this Account, we describe comprehensive investigations of the chemistry of these tellurium-centered anions, and related mixed chalcogen systems, which have revealed unanticipated features of their fundamental structure and reactivity. An exhaustive examination of previously unrecognized redox behavior has uncovered a variety of novel dimeric arrangements of these ligands, as well as an extensive series of cyclic cations. In combination with calculations using density functional theory, these new structural frameworks have provided new insights into the nature of chalcogen-chalcogen bonding. Studies of metal complexes of the ditellurido ligands [N(PR(2)Te)(2)](-) have revealed unprecedented structural and reaction chemistry. The large tellurium donor sites confer greater flexibility, which can lead to unique structures in which the tellurium-centered ligand bridges two metal centers. The relatively weak P-Te bonds facilitate metal-insertion reactions (intramolecular oxidative-addition) to give new metal-tellurium ring systems for some group 11 and 13 metals. Metal tellurides have potential applications as low band gap semiconductor materials in solar cells, thermoelectric devices, and in telecommunications. Practically, some of these telluride ligands could be applied in these industries. For example, certain metal complexes of the isopropyl-substituted anion [N(P(i)Pr(2)Te)(2)](-) serve as suitable single-source precursors for pure metal telluride thin films or novel nanomaterials, for example, CdTe, PbTe, In(2)Te(3), and Sb(2)Te(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristram Chivers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jamie S. Ritch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jari Konu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Heikki M. Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
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Ruiz J, Araúz R, Ceroni M, Vivanco M, Van der Maelen JF, García-Granda S. Synthesis and Se−Se Bond Breaking of Polyselenides Containing Pendant Diphosphine Complexes of Manganese(I). Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100229q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and
| | - René Araúz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and
| | - Mario Ceroni
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and
| | | | - Juan F. Van der Maelen
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Santiago García-Granda
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Ritch JS, Robertson SD, Risto M, Chivers T. Synthesis, Multinuclear NMR Spectra, and X-ray Structures of tBu2PNP(I)tBu2 and EPR2NP(I)R2 (E = Se, Te; R = iPr, tBu). Inorg Chem 2010; 49:4681-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ic1005055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S. Ritch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maarit Risto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tristram Chivers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Alberta, Canada
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Konu J, Chivers T. Novel carbon-centred reactivity of [(H)C(PPh2Se)2]− in the formation of structurally diverse Sn(iv), Te(iv) and Hg(ii) complexes of the triseleno ligand [(Se)C(PPh2Se)2]2–. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:1431-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b923910c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Konu J, Tuononen HM, Chivers T. Structural and Spectroscopic Studies of the PCP-Bridged Heavy Chalcogen-Centered Monoanions [HC(PPh2E)(PPh2)]− (E = Se, Te) and [HC(PR2E)2]− (E = Se, Te, R = Ph; E = Se, R = iPr): Homoleptic Group 12 Complexes and One-Electron Oxidation of [HC(PR2Se)2]−. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:11788-98. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901878h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jari Konu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Heikki M. Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - Tristram Chivers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Robertson SD, Ritch JS, Chivers T. Palladium and platinum complexes of tellurium-containing imidodiphosphinate ligands: nucleophilic attack of Li[(P(i)Pr2)(TeP(i)Pr2)N] on coordinated 1,5-cyclooctadiene. Dalton Trans 2009:8582-92. [PMID: 19809735 DOI: 10.1039/b911490d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Homoleptic group 10 complexes of ditellurido PNP (PNP = imidodiphosphinate), heterodichalcogenido PNP and monotellurido PNP ligands, M[(TeP(i)Pr2)2N]2 (1: M = Pd; 2: M = Pt), M[(EP(i)Pr2)(TeP(i)Pr2)N]2 (3: M = Pd, E = Se; 4: M = Pt, E = Se; 5: M = Pd, E = S; 6: M = Pt, E = S) and M[(P(i)Pr2)(TeP(i)Pr2)N]2 (7: M = Pd; 8: M = Pt), respectively, were prepared by metathesis between alkali-metal derivatives of the appropriate ligand and MCl2(COD) in THF. Complexes 1-8 were characterised in solution by multinuclear (31P, 77Se, 125Te and 195Pt) NMR spectroscopy and, in the case of 1, 2, trans-7, cis-7 and trans-8, in the solid state by X-ray crystallography. The square-planar complexes 3-6 are formed as a mixture of cis- and trans-isomers on the basis of NMR data. The cis and trans isomers of 7 were separated by crystallisation from different solvents. In addition to trans-8, the reaction of Li[(P(i)Pr2)(TeP(i)Pr2)N] with MCl2(COD) produced the heteroleptic complex Pt[(P(i)Pr2)(TeP(i)Pr2)N][sigma:eta2-C8H12(P(i)Pr2NP(i)Pr2Te)] (9) resulting from nucleophilic attack on coordinated 1,5-cyclooctadiene. Complex 9 was identified by multinuclear (13C, 31P, 125Te and 195Pt) NMR spectroscopy, which revealed a mixture of geometric isomers, and by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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Robertson SD, Chivers T, Tuononen HM. Experimental and theoretical investigations of the contact ion pairs formed by reactions of the anions [(EPR2)2N]- (R = (i)Pr, (t)Bu; E = S, Se) with the cations [(TePR2)2N]+ (R = (i)Pr, (t)Bu). Inorg Chem 2009; 48:6755-62. [PMID: 20507112 DOI: 10.1021/ic900703e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of the sodium salts [(EPR(2))(2)N]Na(TMEDA) (R = (i)Pr, (t)Bu; E = S, Se) with the iodide salts [(TePR(2))(2)N]I (R = (i)Pr, (t)Bu) in toluene produce the mixed-chalcogen systems [(EPR(2))(2)N][(TePR(2))(2)N] (6b, E = Se, R = (t)Bu; 6c, E = S, R = (t)Bu; 7b, E = Se, R = (i)Pr; 7c, E = S, R = (i)Pr). Compounds 6b, 6c, 7b, and 7c have been characterized in solution by variable-temperature multinuclear ((31)P, (77)Se, and (125)Te) NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The structures are comprised of contact ion pairs linked by bonds between Te and S or Se atoms. For the tert-butyl derivatives 6b and 6c, the anionic half of the molecule is coordinated in a bidentate (E,E') fashion to one Te atom of the cationic half to give a spirocycle, whereas in the isopropyl derivatives 7b and 7c, the anion acts as a monodentate ligand with only one E-Te bond and the second S or Se atom pointing away from the cation. A comparison of the chalcogen-chalcogen bond orders in 6b, 6c, and the all-tellurium system 6a (E = Te), as determined from the experimental bond lengths, shows that the Te-Te bond order in the cations decreases as the strength of the E-Te interaction increases. This trend is attributed to increased electron donation from the anion into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital [sigma*(Te-Te)] of the cation along the series S < Se < Te. A similar trend is observed for the monodentate contact ion pairs 7b and 7c. Density functional theory calculations provided information about the relative energies of bidentate and monodentate contact ion pair structures and the extent of intramolecular electron transfer in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, T2N 1N4 Alberta, Canada
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Robertson SD, Chivers T. Synthesis, NMR characterisation and X-ray structures of mixed chalcogenido PNP ligands containing tellurium: crystal structures of SeiPr2PNP(H)iPr2 and [NaN(EPiPr2)2]infinity (E = Se, Te). Dalton Trans 2008:1765-72. [PMID: 18354775 DOI: 10.1039/b717287g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of HN(PiPr2)2 with one equivalent of selenium in hexane at room temperature yields the monoselenide as the P-H tautomer Se=PiPr2-N=P(H)iPr2 (2b). Deprotonation of 2b with n butyllithium in the presence of TMEDA at -78 degrees C followed by addition of tellurium produces the air-sensitive, mixed chalcogenido complex [(TMEDA)Li(SePiPr2)(TePiPr2)N] (8Li) in >97% purity after recrystallisation. Similarly, deprotonation of Te=PiPr2-N=P(H)iPr2 (2c), followed by addition of sulfur, gives the sulfur analogue [(TMEDA)Li(SPiPr2)(TePiPr2)N] (7Li) in >99% purity. The symmetrical complexes [(TMEDA)Li(SePiPr2)2N] (4Li) and [(TMEDA)Li(TePiPr2)2N] (5Li) are produced by similar methods. Compounds 2b, 4Li, 5Li, 7Li and 8Li were characterised in solution by multinuclear (1H, 31P, 77Se and 125Te) NMR spectroscopy and their solid-state structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. The X-ray crystal structures of the polymeric chains [NaN(EPiPr2)2]infinity (4Na, E = Se and 5Na, E = Te) are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Konu J, Chivers T. Formation of a stable dicarbenoid and an unsaturated C2P2S2 ring from two-electron oxidation of the [C(PPh2S)2]2− dianion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:4995-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b810796c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chivers T, Konu J, Ritch JS, Copsey MC, Eisler DJ, Tuononen HM. New tellurium-containing ring systems. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ritch JS, Chivers T, Eisler DJ, Tuononen HM. Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Structural Isomers of Dichalcogenoimidodiphosphinate Dimers: Dichalcogenides or Spirocyclic Contact Ion Pairs? Chemistry 2007; 13:4643-53. [PMID: 17348055 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic protocol for the tert-butyl-substituted dichalcogenoimidodiphosphinates [Na(tmeda){(EPtBu(2))(2)N}] (3 a, E=S; 3 b, E=Se; 3 c, E=Te) has been developed. The one-electron oxidation of the sodium complexes [Na(tmeda){(EPR(2))(2)N}] with iodine produces a series of neutral dimers (EPR(2)NPR(2)E--)(2) (4 b, E=Se, R=iPr; 4 c, E=Te, R=iPr; 5 a, E=S, R=tBu; 5 b, E=Se, R=tBu; 5 c, E=Te, R=tBu). Attempts to prepare 4 a (E=S, R=iPr) in a similar manner produced a mixture including HN(SPiPr(2)). Compounds 4 b, 4 c and 5 a-c were characterised by multinuclear NMR spectra and by X-ray crystallography, which revealed two alternative structures for these dimeric molecules. The derivatives 4 b, 4 c, 5 a and 5 b exhibit acyclic structures with a central chalcogen-chalcogen linkage that is elongated by approximately 2 % (E=S), 6 % (E=Se) and 8 % (E=Te) compared to typical single-bond values. By contrast, 5 c adopts an unique spirocyclic contact ion-pair structure in which a [(TePtBu(2))(2)N](-) ion is Te,Te' chelated to an incipient [(TePtBu(2))(2)N](+) cyclic ion. DFT calculations of the relative energies of the two structural isomers indicate a trend towards increasing stability for the contact ion pair relative to the corresponding dichalcogenide on going from S to Se to Te for both the isopropyl and tert-butyl series. The two-electron oxidation of [Na(tmeda){(EPtBu(2))(2)N}] (E=S, Se, Te) with iodine produced the salts [(EPtBu(2))(2)N](+)X(-) (7 a, E=S, X=I(3); 7 b, E=Se, X=I; 7 c, E=Te, X=I), which were characterised by X-ray crystallography. Compound 7 a exists as a monomeric, ion-separated complex with [d(S--S)=2.084(2) A]; 7 b and 7 c are dimeric [d(Se--Se)=2.502(1) A; d(Te--Te)=2.884(1) A].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S Ritch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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