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Rodríguez-Torres M, Altuzar V, Mendoza-Barrera C, Beltrán-Pérez G, Castillo-Mixcóatl J, Muñoz-Aguirre S. Acetone Detection and Classification as Biomarker of Diabetes Mellitus Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Gas Sensor Array. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9823. [PMID: 38139667 PMCID: PMC10747227 DOI: 10.3390/s23249823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
A gas sensor array was developed and evaluated using four high-frequency quartz crystal microbalance devices (with a 30 MHz resonant frequency in fundamental mode). The QCM devices were coated with ethyl cellulose (EC), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), Apiezon L (ApL), and Apiezon T (ApT) sensing films, and deposited by the ultrasonic atomization method. The objective of this research was to propose a non-invasive technique for acetone biomarker detection, which is associated with diabetes mellitus disease. The gas sensor array was exposed to methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and acetone biomarkers in four different concentrations, corresponding to 1, 5, 10, and 15 µL, at temperature of 22 °C and relative humidity of 20%. These samples were used because human breath contains them and they are used for disease detection. Moreover, the gas sensor responses were analyzed using principal component analysis and discriminant analysis, achieving the classification of the acetone biomarker with a 100% membership percentage when its concentration varies from 327 to 4908 ppm, and its identification from methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Severino Muñoz-Aguirre
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Avenida San Claudio y 18 Sur, Colonia San Manuel, Edificio FM1-101B, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (M.R.-T.); (V.A.); (C.M.-B.); (G.B.-P.); (J.C.-M.)
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Utke I, Swiderek P, Höflich K, Madajska K, Jurczyk J, Martinović P, Szymańska I. Coordination and organometallic precursors of group 10 and 11: Focused electron beam induced deposition of metals and insight gained from chemical vapour deposition, atomic layer deposition, and fundamental surface and gas phase studies. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rodríguez-Torres M, Altuzar V, Mendoza-Barrera C, Beltrán-Pérez G, Castillo-Mixcóatl J, Muñoz-Aguirre S. Discrimination Improvement of a Gas Sensors' Array Using High-Frequency Quartz Crystal Microbalance Coated with Polymeric Films. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:s20236972. [PMID: 33291314 PMCID: PMC7730943 DOI: 10.3390/s20236972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The discrimination improvement of an array of four highly sensitive 30 MHz gas quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors was performed and compared to a similar system based on a 12-MHz QCM. The sensing polymeric films were ethyl cellulose (EC), poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA), Apiezon L (ApL), and Apiezon T (ApT) and they were coated over the AT-cut QCM devices by the drop casting technique. All the sensors had almost the same film thickness (0.2 μm). The fabricated QCM sensor arrays were exposed to three different concentrations, corresponding to 5, 10, and 15 μL, of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and heptane vapors. The steady state sensor responses were measured in a static system at a temperature of 20 °C and relative humidity of 22%. Our results showed that the 30-MHz sensors have a higher sensitivity than 12-MHz ones (around 5.73 times), independently of the sensing film and measured sample. On the other hand, principal component analysis and discriminant analysis were performed using the raw data of the responses. An improvement of the classification percentage between 12 MHz and 30 MHz sensors was found. However, it was not sufficient, especially for low concentrations. Furthermore, using partition coefficient and discriminant analysis (DA), an improvement of 100% classification of the three samples was achieved for the case of the 30-MHz sensor array.
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Drobot DV, Kurykin MA, Irtegov AI, Khrustalev VN, Buzin MI, Gumileva LV. New rhenium(III) complexes with fluorinated β-diketones. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328412030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bouyahyi M, Roisnel T, Carpentier JF. Aluminum Complexes of Fluorinated β-Diketonate Ligands: Syntheses, Structures, Intramolecular Reduction, and Use in Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om9009312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miloud Bouyahyi
- Catalysis and Organometallics, UMR 6226 Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS-University of Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Catalysis and Organometallics, UMR 6226 Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS-University of Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Catalysis and Organometallics, UMR 6226 Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS-University of Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Vertoprakhov VN, Krupoder SA. Preparation of thin copper films from the vapour phase of volatile copper(I) and copper(II) derivatives by the CVD method. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2000v069n12abeh000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tsyganova EI, Dyagileva LM. The reactivity of metal β-diketonates in the thermal decomposition reaction. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1996v065n04abeh000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bazuev GV, Kurbatova LD. The chemistry of volatile β-diketonates and their application in the synthesis of high-temperature superconducting thin films. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1993v062n10abeh000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Calculations of van der Waals interaction energies for Al, Cr, Fe, and Ir acetylacetonate crystals. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10947-006-0422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dias HVR, Jin W, Kim HJ, Lu HL. Polyfluorinated Tris(pyrazolyl)borates. Syntheses and Spectroscopic and Structural Characterization of Group 1 and Group 11 Metal Complexes of [HB(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(3)](-) and [HB(3-(CF(3))Pz)(3)](-). Inorg Chem 1996; 35:2317-2328. [PMID: 11666431 DOI: 10.1021/ic951361w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The fluorinated tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands [HB(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(3)](-) and [HB(3-(CF(3))Pz)(3)](-) (where Pz = pyrazolyl) have been synthesized as their sodium salts from the corresponding pyrazoles and NaBH(4) in high yield. These sodium complexes and the related [HB(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(3)]K(DMAC) were used as ligand transfer agents in the preparation of the copper and silver complexes [HB(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(3)]Cu(DMAC), [HB(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(3)]CuPPh(3), [HB(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(3)]AgPPh(3), and [HB(3-(CF(3))Pz)(3)]AgPPh(3). Metal complexes of the fluorinated [HB(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(3)](-) ligand have highly electrophilic metal sites relative to their hydrocarbon analogs. This is evident from the formation of stable adducts with neutral oxygen donors such as H(2)O, dimethylacetamide, or thf. Furthermore, the metal compounds derived from fluorinated ligands show fairly long-range coupling between fluorines of the trifluoromethyl groups and the hydrogen, silver, or phosphorus. The solid state structures show that the fluorines are in close proximity to these nuclei, thus suggesting a possible through-space coupling mechanism. Crystal structures of the sodium adducts exhibit significant metal-fluorine interactions. The treatment of [HB(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(3)]Na(H(2)O) with Et(4)NBr led to [Et(4)N][HB(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(3)], which contains a well-separated [Et(4)N](+) cation and the [HB(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(3)](-) anion in the solid state. Crystal data with Mo Kalpha (lambda = 0.710 73 Å) at 193 K: [HB(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(3)]Na(H(2)O), C(15)H(6)BF(18)N(6)NaO, a = 7.992(2) Å, b = 15.049(2) Å, c = 9.934(2) Å, beta = 101.16(2) degrees, monoclinic, P2(1)/m, Z = 2; [{HB(3-(CF(3))Pz)(3)}Na(thf)](2), C(32)H(30)B(2)F(18)N(12)Na(2)O(2), a = 9.063(3) Å, b = 10.183(2) Å, c = 12.129(2) Å, alpha = 94.61(1) degrees, beta = 101.16(2) degrees, gamma = 95.66(2) degrees, triclinic, &Pmacr;1, Z = 1; [HB(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(3)]Cu(DMAC), C(19)H(13)BCuF(18)N(7)O, a = 15.124(4) Å, b = 8.833(2) Å, c = 21.637(6) Å, beta = 105.291(14) degrees, monoclinic, P2(1)/n, Z = 4; [HB(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(3)]CuPPh(3), C(33)H(19)BCuF(18)N(6)P, a = 9.1671(8) Å, b = 14.908(2) Å, c = 26.764(3) Å, beta = 94.891(1) degrees, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, Z = 4; [HB(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(3)]AgPPh(3).0.5C(6)H(14), C(36)H(26)AgBF(18)N(6)P, a = 13.929(2) Å, b = 16.498(2) Å, c = 18.752(2) Å, beta = 111.439(6) degrees, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, Z = 4; [Et(4)N][HB(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(3)], C(23)H(24)BF(18)N(7), a = 10.155(2) Å, b = 18.580(4) Å, c = 16.875(5) Å, beta = 99.01(2) degrees, monoclinic, P2(1)/n, Z = 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. V. Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019
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Dias HVR, Gorden JD. Synthesis and Characterization of Copper(II), Zinc(II), and Potassium Complexes of a Highly Fluorinated Bis(pyrazolyl)borate Ligand. Inorg Chem 1996; 35:318-324. [PMID: 11666211 DOI: 10.1021/ic951101e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Highly fluorinated, dihydridobis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolyl)borate ligand, [H(2)B(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(2)](-) has been synthesized and characterized as its potassium salt. The copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes, [H(2)B(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(2)](2)Cu and [H(2)B(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(2)](2)Zn, have been prepared by metathesis of [H(2)B(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(2)]K with Cu(OTf)(2) and Zn(OTf)(2), respectively. All the new metal adducts have been characterized by X-ray diffraction. The potassium salt is polymeric and shows several K.F interactions. The Cu center of [H(2)B(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(2)](2)Cu adopts a square planar geometry, whereas the Zn atom in [H(2)B(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(2)](2)Zn displays a tetrahedral coordination. Bis(pyrazolyl)borate ligands in the Zn adduct show a significantly distorted boat conformation. The nature and extent of this distortion is similar to that observed for the methylated analog, [H(2)B(3,5-(CH(3))(2)Pz)(2)](2)Zn. This ligand allows a comparison of electronic effects of bis(pyrazolyl)borate ligands with similar steric properties. Crystallographic data for [H(2)B(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(2)]K: triclinic, space group P&onemacr;, with a = 8.385(1) Å, b = 10.097(2) Å, c = 10.317(1) Å, alpha = 104.193(9) degrees, beta = 104.366(6) degrees, gamma = 91.733(9) degrees, V = 816.5(3) Å(3), and Z = 2. [H(2)B(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(2)](2)Cu is monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 25.632(3) Å, b = 9.197(1) Å, c = 17.342(2) Å, beta = 129.292(5) degrees, V = 3164.0(6) Å(3), and Z = 4. [H(2)B(3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz)(2)](2)Zn is triclinic, space group P&onemacr;, with a = 9.104(1) Å, b = 9.278(1) Å, c = 18.700(2) Å, alpha = 83.560(6) degrees, beta = 88.200(10) degrees, gamma = 78.637(9) degrees, V = 1538.8(3) Å(3), and Z = 2. [H(2)B(3,5-(CH(3))(2)Pz)(2)](2)Zn is monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 8.445(1) Å, b = 14.514(2) Å, c = 19.983(3) Å, beta = 90.831(8) degrees, V = 2449.1(6) Å(3), and Z = 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. V. Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019
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Marzouk HA, Kim JS, Reucroft PJ, Jacob RJ, Robertson JD, Eloi C. Evaluation of copper Chemical-Vapor-Deposition films on glass and Si(100) substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00348173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Minkina VG. Initial compounds for obtaining high-temperature superconducting films by the CVD-method. Russ Chem Bull 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00699173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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The Sublimation Enthalpies of Metal Complexes of Pentane-2,4-Dione and Related Ligands - An Assessment Review. REV INORG CHEM 1993. [DOI: 10.1515/revic.1993.13.2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chi KM, Farkas J, Hampden-Smith MJ, Kodas TT, Duesler EN. The chemistry of copper(I)β-diketonate compounds. Part 4. Syntheses and characterization of CuXLn(X =β-diketonate or Cl, L = PMe3, n= 2 or 4; L = PEt3, n= 2). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1039/dt9920003111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Thermogravimetry of metal chelates of 1,1,1-trifluoropentane-2,4-dione in a flow of helium and helium containing ligand vapor. Anal Chim Acta 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)85781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yoshimura Y, Sato N, Kikuchi M. Salt Effect on the Solubility of Copper and Beryllium Chelates of 4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1983. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.56.3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Liquid-liquid partition coefficients of cis- and trans-tris(1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedionato)chromium(III) between dodecane and various polar solvents. Polyhedron 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)80824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Fundamental investigations of the chemical and physical properties of metal beta-diketonate complexes have revealed unusual volatility, as well as solvolytic and thermal stability and solubility in organic solvents. Certain general rules describing the volatility of metal beta-diketonates on the basis of ligand shell character and metal ion size have arisen from extensive gas chromatographic and vapor pressure studies. Several practical applications of volatile beta-diketonates teke advantage of their special properties. In ultratrace metal analysis by gas chromatography, use of these chelates has allowed the detection of smaller amounts of certain metals than can be detected by any other analytic method. Certain rare earth beta-diketonates have been found useful as antiknock additives in gasoline and as catalysts for the removal of carbonaceous deposits from the combustion chambers of internal combustion engines.
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