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Pires E, Fraile JM. Study of interactions between Brønsted acids and triethylphosphine oxide in solution by 31P NMR: evidence for 2 : 1 species. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:24351-24358. [PMID: 33084671 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03812a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The variation of the 31P chemical shift of triethylphosphine oxide in CDCl3 solution with a series of Brønsted acids at different molar ratios allows the determination of the value for the 1 : 1 species (δ1 : 1), which is much lower than the reported value at infinite dilution. This value correlates with the pKa of the acid in two zones, for acids stronger and weaker than TEPO-H+. The acid strength also controls the exchange rate in solution. The evolution of the chemical shift at high acid/TEPO molar ratios indicates the existence of a second TEPO-acid interaction, which is also dependent on the acid strength. This interaction is much more favorable in the case of a diacid, which shows chemical shift higher than expected for its pKa1 value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Pires
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - José M Fraile
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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2
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Lewis Acidity and Basicity of Mixed Chlorometallate Ionic Liquids: Investigations from Surface Analysis and Fukui Function. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 23:molecules23102516. [PMID: 30274390 PMCID: PMC6222785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mixed chlorometallate ionic liquids (ILs) have been regarded as potential solvents, catalysts, and reagents for many organic processes. The acidity and basicity of these ILs were correlated with theoretically estimated parameters such as electrostatic surface potential maxima and minima, average local surface ionization energy, and Fukui and dual descriptor functions. The introduction of metal chloride into the anions would influence the acidity/basicity of ILs by withdrawing the electron density from the cationic counterpart. For the [C4mim]-based ILs with the mixed-metal anions, the acidity tends to attenuate while the basicity becomes stronger, as compared to the corresponding chloroaluminate ILs. However, the acidity of [(C2H5)3NH]-based ILs with the mixed-metal anions are greater than that of the net chloroaluminate ILs. The Fukui function values showed that most of the mixed chlorometallate ILs belong to bifunctional distribution. The mixed chlorometallate ILs both have electrophilic and nucleophilic sites, which would be beneficial for their applications.
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Abstract
There is no doubt that ionic liquids have become a major subject of study for modern chemistry. We have become used to ever more publications in the field each year, although there is some evidence that this is beginning to plateau at approximately 3500 papers each year. They have been the subject of several major reviews and books, dealing with different applications and aspects of their behaviours. In this article, I will show a little of how interest in ionic liquids grew and developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Welton
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, England.
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4
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Hu P, Jiang W, Zhong L, Zhou SF. Determination of the Lewis acidity of amide–AlCl3 based ionic liquid analogues by combined in situ IR titration and NMR methods. RSC Adv 2018; 8:13248-13252. [PMID: 35542558 PMCID: PMC9079758 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01845f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A combinatorial method to determine both acidic strength and acidic amount of each Lewis acid site in amide–AlCl3 based ionic liquid (IL) analogues was developed by the combination of in situ IR titration and NMR analysis. 31P NMR was used to distinguish effectively the acidic strength of each Lewis acid site in the amide–AlCl3 based IL analogues. Nitrobenzene was used as a molecular probe to measure the total Lewis acidic amount of the amide–AlCl3 based IL analogues by in situ IR titration. The acidic amount of each Lewis acid site in the amide–AlCl3 based IL analogues was calculated with the assistance of 27Al NMR analysis. The Lewis acidic strength and amount of amide–AlCl3 IL analogues are determined by the combination of in situ IR titration and NMR analysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Lijuan Zhong
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
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5
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Zheng A, Liu SB, Deng F. 31P NMR Chemical Shifts of Phosphorus Probes as Reliable and Practical Acidity Scales for Solid and Liquid Catalysts. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12475-12531. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anmin Zheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics,
National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of
Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shang-Bin Liu
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Feng Deng
- State
Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics,
National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of
Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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6
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Abstract
Until very recently, the term Lewis acidic ionic liquids (ILs) was nearly synonymous with halometallate ILs, with a strong focus on chloroaluminate(III) systems. The first part of this review covers the historical context in which these were developed, speciation of a range of halometallate ionic liquids, attempts to quantify their Lewis acidity, and selected recent applications: in industrial alkylation processes, in supported systems (SILPs/SCILLs) and in inorganic synthesis. In the last decade, interesting alternatives to halometallate ILs have emerged, which can be divided into two sub-sections: (1) liquid coordination complexes (LCCs), still based on halometallate species, but less expensive and more diverse than halometallate ionic liquids, and (2) ILs with main-group Lewis acidic cations. The two following sections cover these new liquid Lewis acids, also highlighting speciation studies, Lewis acidity measurements, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Brown
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - James M Hogg
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Małgorzata Swadźba-Kwaśny
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.
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7
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Zhang X, Zhang R, Liu H, Meng X, Xu C, Liu Z, Klusener PAA. Quantitative Characterization of Lewis Acidity and Activity of Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xianghai Meng
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chunming Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
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8
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Hasani M, Yarger JL, Angell CA. On the Use of a Protic Ionic Liquid with a Novel Cation To Study Anion Basicity. Chemistry 2016; 22:13312-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasani
- School of Molecular Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
| | - Jeffery L. Yarger
- School of Molecular Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
| | - C. Austen Angell
- School of Molecular Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
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Janssen CH, Macías-Ruvalcaba NA, Aguilar-Martínez M, Kobrak MN. Metal extraction to ionic liquids: the relationship between structure, mechanism and application. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2015.1088217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camiel H.C. Janssen
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 México D.F., México
| | - Norma A. Macías-Ruvalcaba
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 México D.F., México
| | - Martha Aguilar-Martínez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 México D.F., México
| | - Mark N. Kobrak
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
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Estager J, Holbrey JD, Swadźba-Kwaśny M. Halometallate ionic liquids – revisited. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:847-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60310e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Seddon KR, Srinivasan G, Swadźba-Kwaśny M, Wilson AR. Buffered chlorogallate(iii) ionic liquids and electrodeposition of gallium films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:4518-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44294b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Currie M, Estager J, Licence P, Men S, Nockemann P, Seddon KR, Swadźba-Kwaśny M, Terrade C. Chlorostannate(II) Ionic Liquids: Speciation, Lewis Acidity, and Oxidative Stability. Inorg Chem 2012; 52:1710-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ic300241p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Currie
- QUILL, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Estager
- QUILL, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Licence
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham
NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Shuang Men
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham
NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Nockemann
- QUILL, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth R. Seddon
- QUILL, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cécile Terrade
- QUILL, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
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Estager J, Nockemann P, Seddon KR, Swadźba-Kwaśny M, Tyrrell S. Validation of Speciation Techniques: A Study of Chlorozincate(II) Ionic Liquids. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:5258-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200586u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Estager
- QUILL, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Nockemann
- QUILL, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth R. Seddon
- QUILL, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sophie Tyrrell
- QUILL, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
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14
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Estager J, Oliferenko AA, Seddon KR, Swadźba-Kwaśny M. Chlorometallate(iii) ionic liquids as Lewis acidic catalysts – a quantitative study of acceptor properties. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:11375-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00895h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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TSUDA T, HUSSEY CL, NOHIRA T, IKOMA Y, YAMAUCHI K, HAGIWARA R, ITO Y. Anodic Hydrogen Electrode Reaction in Aluminum Chloride-1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquids. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.73.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya TSUDA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi
- Department of Fundamental Energy Science, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University
| | - Charles L. HUSSEY
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi
| | - Toshiyuki NOHIRA
- Department of Fundamental Energy Science, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University
| | - Yoshihiro IKOMA
- Department of Fundamental Energy Science, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University
| | - Kasumi YAMAUCHI
- Department of Fundamental Energy Science, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University
| | - Rika HAGIWARA
- Department of Fundamental Energy Science, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University
| | - Yasuhiko ITO
- Department of Fundamental Energy Science, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University
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16
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Electrodeposition of lanthanum in lanthanum chloride saturated AlCl3–1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride molten salts. Electrochim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(01)00434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Koronaios P, King D, Osteryoung RA. Acidity of Neutral Buffered 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride−AlCl3 Ambient-Temperature Molten Salts. Inorg Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ic971345u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Koronaios
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
| | - Dawn King
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
| | - Robert A. Osteryoung
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
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