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Koposova EA, Offenhäusser A, Ermolenko YE, Mourzina YG. Photoresponsive Porphyrin Nanotubes of Meso-tetra(4-Sulfonatophenyl)Porphyrin and Sn(IV) meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin. Front Chem 2019; 7:351. [PMID: 31157213 PMCID: PMC6532121 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyrin macrocycles and their supramolecular nanoassemblies are being widely explored in energy harvesting, sensor development, catalysis, and medicine because of a good tunability of their light-induced charge separation and electron/energy transfer properties. In the present work, we prepared and studied photoresponsive porphyrin nanotubes formed by the self-assembly of meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin and Sn(IV) meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that these tubular nanostructures were hollow with open ends and their length was 0.4–0.8 μm, the inner diameter was 7–15 nm, and the outer diameter was 30–70 nm. Porphyrin tectons, H4TPPS42- : Sn(IV)TPyP4+, self-assemble into the nanotubes in a ratio of 2:1, respectively, as determined by the elemental analysis. The photoconductivity of the porphyrin nanotubes was determined to be as high as 3.1 × 10−4 S m−1, and the dependence of the photoconductance on distance and temperature was investigated. Excitation of the Q-band region with a Q-band of SnTPyP4+ (550–552 nm) and the band at 714 nm, which is associated with J-aggregation, was responsible for about 34 % of the photoconductive activity of the H4TPPS42--Sn(IV)TPyP4+ porphyrin nanotubes. The sensor properties of the H4TPPS42-- Sn(IV)TPyP4+ nanotubes in the presence of iodine vapor and salicylate anions down to millimolar range were examined in a chemiresistor sensing mode. We have shown that the porphyrin nanotubes advantageously combine the characteristics of a sensor and a transducer, thus demonstrating their great potential as efficient functional layers for sensing devices and biomimetic nanoarchitectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Koposova
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Complex Systems-8 (Bioelectronics), Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Complex Systems-8 (Bioelectronics), Jülich, Germany
| | - Yuri E Ermolenko
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia G Mourzina
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Complex Systems-8 (Bioelectronics), Jülich, Germany
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Koposova EA, Ermolenko YE, Offenhäusser A, Mourzina YG. Self-assembly and photoconductivity of binary porphyrin nanostructures of meso -tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine and Co(III) meso -tetra(4-pyridyl)porphine chloride. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sun J, Han Y. An octupolar bis(porphyrinato) terbium( iii) complex with the highest off-resonant hyperpolarizability. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bis(porphyrinato) terbium double-decker complex HTb(DADAPor)2 with the octupolar molecular exhibits the large off-resonant first hyperpolarizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshan Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taishan University
- Taian 271000
- China
| | - Yinfeng Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taishan University
- Taian 271000
- China
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Huang C, Wang K, Sun J, Jiang J. Planar Binuclear Phthalocyanine-Containing Sandwich-Type Rare-Earth Complexes: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Electrochemistry, and NLO Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201301485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhang Y, Cao W, Wang K, Jiang J. Constructing bis(porphyrinato) rare earth double-decker complexes involving N-confused porphyrin. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:9152-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00216d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lysenko AB, Malinovskii VL, Padmaja K, Wei L, Diers JR, Bocian DF, Lindsey JS. Multistate molecular information storage using S-acetylthio-derivatized dyads of triple-decker sandwich coordination compounds. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424605000617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An approach toward molecular information storage employs redox-active molecules attached to an electroactive surface. The chief advantages of such molecular capacitors include higher charge density and more versatile synthetic design than is afforded by typical semiconductor charge-storage materials. An architecture containing two triple-decker sandwich coordination complexes and an S-acetylthiomethyl-terminated tether has been designed for multibit storage. Each triple decker is composed of two phthalocyanines, one porphyrin, and two europium atoms. The oxidation potentials of each triple decker are tuned through the use of different substituents on the phthalocyanines (t-butyl, methyl, H ) and porphyrins (pentyl, p-tolyl). Interleaving of the four cationic oxidation states of each triple decker potentially affords eight distinct oxidation states. Two dyads were examined in solution and in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on a Au surface. One dyad exhibited eight distinct states in solution and in the SAM, thus constituting a molecular octal counter. The potentials ranged from −0.1-+1.3 V in solution and +0.1-+1.6 V in the SAM. Taken together, this approach provides a viable means of achieving multibit information storage at relatively low potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey B. Lysenko
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Vladimir L. Malinovskii
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Kisari Padmaja
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Lingyun Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA
| | - James R. Diers
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA
| | - David F. Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
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Guo L, Yan B. Near-infrared luminescent hybrid materials using modified functional lanthanide (Nd3+, Yb3+) porphyrins complexes chemical bonded with silica. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhu X, Wong W, Wong W, Yang X. Design and Synthesis of Near‐Infrared Emissive Lanthanide Complexes Based on Macrocyclic Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xunjin Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Luminescence Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Wai‐Kwok Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Luminescence Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Wai‐Yeung Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme University Grants Committee, Hong Kong) and Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Luminescence Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas 78712‐0165, USA, Fax: +1‐852‐3411‐7348
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Wang H, Wang K, Bian Y, Jiang J, Kobayashi N. Mixed (phthalocyaninato)(porphyrinato) heterometal complexes with sandwich quadruple-decker molecular structure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:6879-81. [PMID: 21597642 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11190f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel mixed (phthalocyaninato)(porphyrinato) rare-earth and cadmium heterometal complexes have been fabricated in one-pot reaction and their sandwich quadruple-decker nature is unambiguously revealed by X-ray single crystal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Li Y, Bian Y, Yan M, Thapaliya PS, Johns D, Yan X, Galipeau D, Jiang J. Mixed (porphyrinato)(phthalocyaninato) rare-earth(III) double-decker complexes for broadband light harvesting organic solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11246e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang X, Li Y, Qi D, Jiang J, Yan X, Bian Y. Linkage Dependence of Intramolecular Fluorescence Quenching Process in Porphyrin-Appended Mixed (Phthalocyaninato)(Porphyrinato) Yttrium(III) Double-Decker Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:13143-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp106020t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China, and Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China, and Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Dongdong Qi
- Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China, and Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China, and Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Xingzhong Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China, and Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Yongzhong Bian
- Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China, and Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
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Crystallography and photoluminescence properties of β-diketonate monoporphyrinate ytterbium(III) complexes. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2008.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Falber A, Todaro L, Goldberg I, Favilla MV, Drain CM. Routes to new hafnium(IV) tetraaryl porphyrins and crystal structures of unusual phosphate-, sulfate-, and peroxide-bridged dimers. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:454-67. [PMID: 18088113 PMCID: PMC6195362 DOI: 10.1021/ic700840j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New routes for the synthesis of mono tetraaryl porphyrinato hafnium(IV) complexes, Hf(IV)Por(L)(2), are reported, where the secondary ligands, L, are determined by the method of purification. These synthetic routes cater to the solubility of the macrocycles and provide access to Hf(IV) complexes of meso tetraaryl porphyrins bearing diverse functional groups such as phenyl, tolyl, pyridyl, pentafluorophenyl, and carboxyphenyl. The latter three derivatives significantly expand the repertoire of hafnium porphyrinates. One route refluxes the porphyrin with HfCl(4) in 1-chloronaphthalene or in a mixed solvent of 1-chloronaphthalene and o-cresol. A second, solventless method is also reported wherein the porphyrin is mixed with Hf(cp)(2)Cl(2) and heated to give the metalated porphyrin in good yields. Simultaneous purification and formation of stable porphyrinato hafnium(IV) diacetate complexes, Hf(Por)OAc(2), is accomplished by elution over silica gel using 3-5% acetic acid in the eluent. Exchange of the acetate ligands for other oxo-bearing ligands can be nearly quantitative, such as p-aminobenzoate (PABA), pentanoate (pent), or octanoate (oct). Notably, we find that two to three of a variety of small multitopic dianions such as peroxo (O(2)(-2)), SO(4)(-2), and HPO(4)(-2) serve to bridge between two Hf(Por) moieties to form stable dimers. The crystal structures of this library of Hf(Por) complexes are reported, and we note that careful analysis of crystallography data reveals (Por)Hf(micro-eta(2)-O(2))(2)Hf(Por) rather than four bridging oxo or hydroxy ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Falber
- Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park AVenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Louis Todaro
- Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park AVenue, New York, New York 10065
| | | | - Michael V. Favilla
- Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park AVenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Charles Michael Drain
- Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park AVenue, New York, New York 10065
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
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15
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Agondanou JH, Nicolis I, Curis E, Purans J, Spyroulias GA, Coutsolelos AG, Bénazeth S. Gadolinium Acetylacetonate Tetraphenyl Monoporphyrinate Complex and Some of Its Derivatives: EXAFS Study and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:6871-9. [PMID: 17658869 DOI: 10.1021/ic061861x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many attempts to obtain single crystals appropriate for X-ray diffraction analysis of the Ln(tpp)(acac) derivatives (where Ln = Gd or Sm, tpp = tetraphenylporphyrin and acac = acetylacetonate) have failed so far. A suitable way to get structural parameters for these monoporphyrinates is to use extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. We recorded spectra of the monoporphyrins, Ln(tpp)(acac) and Gd(tpyp)(acac) (where tpyp = tetrapyridylporphyrin), and the bisporphyrin GdH(tpyp)2 in the solid state. We particularly focused our structural analysis on Gd(tpp)(acac), applying both molecular modeling and EXAFS, which allowed us to get accurate results about the local environment of the central atom. The Gd3+ ion of the complex at room temperature was found to be bonded to four monoporphyrin nitrogen atoms at an average distance R(Gd-N(av)) = 2.48 A and to three or four oxygen atoms at R(Gd-O(ac,w)) = 2.38 A from an acetylacetonato anion and a water molecule. The presence of the second water molecule in the coordination sphere was barely discernible by EXAFS analysis. Molecular modeling has provided further information about the coordination core geometry of the Gd(tpp)(acac) monoporphyrinate, including a bishydrated coordination sphere. Also, it has enabled the construction of a 3D structural model on which multiple scattering analyses were attempted. Monte Carlo simulation was used to validate the adjustments. EXAFS spectra analysis was carried out on the derivatives, displaying slight distortions in the lanthanide central-atom coordination geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Agondanou
- Laboratoire de biomathématiques, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
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Liao MS, Watts JD, Huang MJ. DFT/TDDFT study of lanthanide(III) mono- and bisporphyrin complexes. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:13089-98. [PMID: 17134170 PMCID: PMC2596995 DOI: 10.1021/jp0632236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure, molecular structure, and electronic spectra of lanthanide(III) mono- and bisporphyrin complexes are investigated using a DFT/TDDFT method. These complexes include YbP(acac), YbP(2), [YbP(2)](+), YbHP(2), and [YbP(2)](-) (where P = porphine and acac = acetylacetonate). To shed some light on the origin of the out-of-plane displacement of Yb in YbP(acac), unligated model systems, namely, planar D(4h) and distorted C(4nu) YbP, were calculated. For comparison, the calculations were also extended to include the C and [Ce(IV)P(2) ](+) systems. Even without an axial ligand, the lanthanide atom lies considerably above the porphyrin plane; the distortion of the YbP molecular structure from a planar D(4h) to the nonplanar C(4nu) symmetry leads to a considerable energy lowering. The axial ligand makes the metal out-of-plane displacement even larger, and it also changes the redox properties of the lanthanide monoporphyrin. The ground-state configurations of YbP(2) and YbHP(2) were determined by considering several possible low-lying states. YbP(2) is confirmed to be a single-hole radical. The special redox properties of the bisporphyrin complexes can well be accounted for by the calculated ionization potentials and electron affinities. The TDDFT results provide a clear description of the UV-vis and near-IR absorption spectra of the various lanthanide porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Sheng Liao
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 17910, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217
| | - John D. Watts
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 17910, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217
| | - Ming-Ju Huang
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 17910, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217
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Li G, Wang T, Schulz A, Bhosale S, Lauer M, Espindola P, Heinze J, Fuhrhop JH. Porphyrin–acetylene–thiophene polymer wires. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:552-3. [PMID: 14973603 DOI: 10.1039/b313415f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
5,15-Bis[acetylene-4-(ethylenedioxy)thiophene]-10,20-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin was synthesized by a Sonogashira coupling and polymerized to fibres; TEM and AFM images show uniform porphyrin wires with a length of several micrometers and a thickness of less than 4 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Li
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Furuya F, Ishii K, Kobayashi N. Direct EPR observations of both oxidized and reduced porphyrin dimers in the lowest excited states: a novel analysis of a homobiradical with a strong antiferromagnetic interaction. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:12652-3. [PMID: 12392399 DOI: 10.1021/ja0201597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The oxidized and reduced forms of bis(tetra-tert-butyltetraazaporphinato)lutetium (III) (Lu(TAP)2) have been examined by time-resolved EPR (TREPR) spectroscopy, showing both the first EPR investigation of a homobiradical with a strong antiferromagnetic interaction and usefulness of TREPR for investigating excited-state properties of different oxidation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Furuya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Stulz E, Maue M, Feeder N, Teat SJ, Ng YF, Bond AD, Darling SL, Sanders JKM. Phosphine and phosphonite complexes of a ruthenium(II) porphyrin. 1. Synthesis, structure, and solution state studies. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:5255-68. [PMID: 12354060 DOI: 10.1021/ic025727y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of complexation of different phosphorus ligands on the stability, solid state structure, and spectroscopic properties (NMR, IR, UV-vis) of a 5,15-diphenyl-substituted ruthenium porphyrin, (MeOH)Ru(II)(CO)(DPP) 2 [DPP = 5,15-bis(3',5'-di-tert-butyl)phenyl-2,8,12,18-tetraethyl-3,7,13,17-tetramethylporphyrin]. The ligands used are PPh(3), diphenyl(phenylacetenyl)phosphine (DPAP), bis(diphenylphosphino)acetylene (DPPA), tris(phenylacetenyl)phosphine [(PA)(3)P], and diethyl (phenylacetenyl)phosphonite [PAP(OEt)(2)]. The mono-phosphine complexes (PR(3))Ru(II)(CO)(DPP) are readily formed in solution in quantitative yields. The complexes display association constants ranging from 1.2 x 10(4) M(-1) for PPh(3) to 4.8 x 10(6) M(-1) for PAP(OEt)(2). The weak association of PPh(3) does not correlate with its pK(a), delta((31)P), or cone angle value and is attributed to steric effects. Due to their kinetic lability, which is shown by 2D NMR spectroscopy, and the weakening of the carbonyl ligand via a trans effect, the mono-phosphine complexes could not be isolated. IR spectroscopy gives the relative order of pi-acceptor strength as PPh(3) < DPAP, DPPA < (PA)(3)P < PAP(OEt)(2), whereas the relative order of the sigma-donor strength is PPh(3) < (PA)(3)P < DPAP, DPPA < PAP(OEt)(2), based on the calculated pK(a) values and on the (31)P((1)H) NMR chemical shifts of the ligands. The chemical shift differences in the (31)P9(1)H)) NMR spectra upon ligand binding display a linear correlation with the calculated pK(a) values of the protonated ligands HPR(3)(+); we propose that the pK(a), and probably other electronic properties, of a specific phosphorus ligand can be estimated on the basis of the chemical shift difference Deltadelta((31)P) upon complexation to a metalloporphyrin. The bis-phosphine complexes can be isolated in pure form by crystallization from CHCl(3)-MeOH solutions using excess ligand. Association of the second ligand is in the same order of magnitude as the first binding for the phosphines, but the second phosphonite binding is decreased by a factor of about 100. The solid state structures show only marginal differences in the geometrical parameters. The calculated and the crystallographic cone angles of the ligands generally do not match, apart from the values obtained for PAP(OEt)(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Stulz
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K.
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