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Ostrovskii NM. Coking of Catalysts: Mechanisms, Models, and Influence. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158422010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Xu Q, Yang W, Chen Z, Ye Y, Luo Y, Street J, Zhou H, Xu C. Formation and Regeneration of Shape-Selective ZSM-35 Catalysts for n-Butene Skeletal Isomerization to Isobutene. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:8202-8211. [PMID: 31458957 PMCID: PMC6644612 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal isomerization of n-butene to isobutene was performed over formed ZSM-35 zeolites in a lab-scale, fixed-bed reactor. The formation conditions to produce isobutene with zeolites were varied to determine the most advantageous binding agent (pseudo-boehmite) amount and steam dealumination conditions. The optimal binding agent amount was 20 wt %. Steam dealumination stabilized the catalysts and enhanced the catalytic performance because of the stable Si/Al framework and suitable acidity. The optimized process conditions involved a reaction temperature of 410 °C, a weight hourly space velocity of 5 h-1, and an n-butene concentration in feedstock of 50%. After being on-stream for 296 h, the catalysts were stable and were able to be regenerated with a comparable catalytic performance. An isobutene yield of 33-43 wt % was achieved, and the selectivity of isobutene was higher than 90% after the reaction was carried out for longer than 15 h. Carbon deposition modified the pore structure to enhance the selectivity of isobutene because of the selective shape effect. This study shows promising results for future industrialization of the skeletal isomerization of n-butene to isobutene in the presence of optimized ZSM-35 catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of
Biogas Upgrading Utilization, China University
of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, China
- E-mail: (Q.X.)
| | - Wenjing Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of
Biogas Upgrading Utilization, China University
of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of
Biogas Upgrading Utilization, China University
of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, China
- E-mail: (Z.C.)
| | - Yingchun Ye
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of
Biogas Upgrading Utilization, China University
of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Jason Street
- Department
of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi
State University , Starkville , Mississippi State 39762, United States
| | - Hongjun Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of
Biogas Upgrading Utilization, China University
of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chunming Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of
Biogas Upgrading Utilization, China University
of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, China
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Hu H, Ke M, Zhang K, Liu Q, Yu P, Liu Y, Li C, Liu W. Designing ferrierite-based catalysts with improved properties for skeletal isomerization of n-butene to isobutene. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04777k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal morphology and size of ferrierite catalysts were controlled by a suite of crystallization methods and structure-directing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- P. R. China
| | - Ming Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- P. R. China
| | - Ka Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- P. R. China
| | - Pei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- P. R. China
| | - Changchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- P. R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- P. R. China
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4
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Collett CH, McGregor J. Things go better with coke: the beneficial role of carbonaceous deposits in heterogeneous catalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01236h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbonaceous deposits on heterogeneous catalysts are traditionally associated with catalyst deactivation. However, they can play a beneficial role in many catalytic processes, e.g. dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, alkylation, isomerisation, Fischer–Tropsch, MTO etc. This review highlights the role and mechanism by which coke deposits can enhance catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. H. Collett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S1 3JD
- UK
| | - J. McGregor
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S1 3JD
- UK
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Schweitzer D, Mullen CA, Boateng AA, Snell KD. Biobased n-Butanol Prepared from Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate: Optimization of the Reduction of n-Butyl Crotonate to n-Butanol. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500156b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schweitzer
- Metabolix, 21 Erie St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Charles A. Mullen
- Eastern
Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Akwasi A. Boateng
- Eastern
Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Kristi D. Snell
- Metabolix, 21 Erie St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Zhang Q, Huang JQ, Zhao MQ, Qian WZ, Wei F. Carbon nanotube mass production: principles and processes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:864-89. [PMID: 21732544 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Our society requires new materials for a sustainable future, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are among the most important advanced materials. This Review describes the state-of-the-art of CNT synthesis, with a focus on their mass-production in industry. At the nanoscale, the production of CNTs involves the self-assembly of carbon atoms into a one-dimensional tubular structure. We describe how this synthesis can be achieved on the macroscopic scale in processes akin to the continuous tonne-scale mass production of chemical products in the modern chemical industry. Our overview includes discussions on processing methods for high-purity CNTs, and the handling of heat and mass transfer problems. Manufacturing strategies for agglomerated and aligned single-/multiwalled CNTs are used as examples of the engineering science of CNT production, which includes an understanding of their growth mechanism, agglomeration mechanism, reactor design, and process intensification. We aim to provide guidelines for the production and commercialization of CNTs. Although CNTs can now be produced on the tonne scale, knowledge of the growth mechanism at the atomic scale, the relationship between CNT structure and application, and scale-up of the production of CNTs with specific chirality are still inadequate. A multidisciplinary approach is a prerequisite for the sustainable development of the CNT industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
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Márquez-Alvarez C, Pinar AB, García R, Grande-Casas M, Pérez-Pariente J. Influence of Al Distribution and Defects Concentration of Ferrierite Catalysts Synthesized From Na-Free Gels in the Skeletal Isomerization of n-Butene. Top Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-009-9273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kangas M, Kumar N, Harlin E, Salmi T, Murzin DY. Skeletal Isomerization of Butene in Fixed Beds. 1. Experimental Investigation and Structure−Performance Effects. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie800061q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matias Kangas
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland, and Neste Oil, P.O. Box 310, FI-06101 Porvoo, Finland
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland, and Neste Oil, P.O. Box 310, FI-06101 Porvoo, Finland
| | - Elina Harlin
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland, and Neste Oil, P.O. Box 310, FI-06101 Porvoo, Finland
| | - Tapio Salmi
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland, and Neste Oil, P.O. Box 310, FI-06101 Porvoo, Finland
| | - Dmitry Yu. Murzin
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland, and Neste Oil, P.O. Box 310, FI-06101 Porvoo, Finland
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Flores JH, Pais da Silva MI. Acid properties of the hybrid catalyst CuO–ZnO or CuO–ZnO–Al2O3/H-ferrierite: An infrared study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Coronati IL, Font GM, Fontana NE, Querini CA, Comelli RA. Linear butene skeletal isomerization over boron-promoted ferrierite. Catal Today 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2007.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Skeletal Isomerization of Linear Butenes on Boron Promoted Ferrierite: Effect of the Catalyst Preparation Technique. Catal Letters 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-007-9376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Characterization of Catalysts under Working Conditions with an Oscillating Microbalance Reactor. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-0564(06)51007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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14
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88 Skeletal isomerization of n-hexene: The influence of structure and acid distribution of molecular sieves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(03)80245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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15
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“Coke” molecules trapped in the micropores of zeolites as active species in hydrocarbon transformations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(01)00511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Kondo JN, Yoda E, Wakabayashi F, Domen K. Migration of butene isomers onto the acidic OH groups in small micropores of ferrierite. Catal Today 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5861(00)00473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Linear Butenes from Isobutene over H-Ferrierite: In Situ Studies Using an Oscillating Balance Reactor. J Catal 2000. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.1999.2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Theoretical studies of the interaction of butane and butene isomers in H-ferrierite and H-mordenite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(00)80363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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22
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Pazè C, Sazak B, Zecchina A, Dwyer J. FTIR and UV−Vis Spectroscopic Study of Interaction of 1-Butene on H−Ferrierite Zeolite. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp992117j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Pazè
- Centre for Microporous Materials, Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom, and Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Fisica e Chimica dei Materiali, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Birsel Sazak
- Centre for Microporous Materials, Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom, and Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Fisica e Chimica dei Materiali, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Adriano Zecchina
- Centre for Microporous Materials, Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom, and Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Fisica e Chimica dei Materiali, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - John Dwyer
- Centre for Microporous Materials, Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom, and Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Fisica e Chimica dei Materiali, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, I-10125, Torino, Italy
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23
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Petkovic LM, Larsen G. Oligomerization of n-Butenes on the Surface of a Ferrierite Catalyst: Real-Time Monitoring in a Packed-Bed Reactor during Isomerization to Isobutene. Ind Eng Chem Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ie980627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía M. Petkovic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Avery Hall, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0126
| | - Gustavo Larsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Avery Hall, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0126
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24
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Skeletal Isomerization of n-Butenes Catalyzed by Medium-Pore Zeolites and Aluminophosphates. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-0564(08)60517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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25
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26
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Comparative Study of the Catalytic Properties of ZSM-22 and ZSM-35/ Ferrierite Zeolites in the Skeletal Isomerization of 1-Butene. J Catal 1998. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.1998.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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28
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Chen D, Rebo HP, Moljord K, Holmen A. Influence of Coke Deposition on Selectivity in Zeolite Catalysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ie9700223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Chen
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway, and SINTEF Applied Chemistry, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - H. P. Rebo
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway, and SINTEF Applied Chemistry, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - K. Moljord
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway, and SINTEF Applied Chemistry, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - A. Holmen
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway, and SINTEF Applied Chemistry, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway
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29
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Jousse F, Leherte L, Vercauteren D. Energetics and diffusion of butene isomers in channel zeolites from molecular dynamics simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(96)00480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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30
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Millini R, Rossini S. Skeletal isomerization of 1-butene over zeolite catalysis: a computational study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(97)80781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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31
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Deactivation of ferrierite during the 1-Butene skeletal isomerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(97)80148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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32
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Activation and deactivation of the zeolite Ferrierite for olefin conversions. CATALYST DEACTIVATION, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(97)80147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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33
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Reaction of n-butene over H-ZSM-5 zeolite. Influence of the acid strength on the isobutene selectivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(97)80779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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34
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Selectivity to the skeletal isomerization of 1-butene over ferrierite (FER) and ZSM-5 (MFI) zeolites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(97)80786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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35
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Guisnet M, Andy P, Gnep N, Travers C, Benazzi E. Mechanisms of the skeletal isomerization of n-butene over a HFER zeolite. Influence of coke deposits. STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(97)80778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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36
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Skeletal isomerization of n-butenes on modified ZSM-35 catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(97)80785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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37
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Jousse F, Leherte L, Vercauteren DP. Molecular Mechanical Investigation of the Energetics of Butene Sorbed in H-Ferrierite. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/08927029608024106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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38
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The role of carbonaceous deposits in the skeletal isomerization of 1-butene over ferrierite zeolites. Catal Letters 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00811489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Suib SL. Synthesis, characterization and catalysis with microporous ferrierites, octahedral molecular sieves, and layered materials. RECENT ADVANCES AND NEW HORIZONS IN ZEOLITE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(06)81399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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