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Jiang J, Zhu B, Jiang X, Lu B, Zeng X. Photochemistry of phosphenic chloride (ClPO 2): isomerization with chlorine metaphosphite (ClOPO) and reduction by carbon monoxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20828-20836. [PMID: 36040114 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02986c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphenic chloride (ClPO2) is an elusive congener of nitryl chloride (ClNO2). By high-vacuum flash pyrolysis of 2-chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane in the gas phase, ClPO2 has been efficiently generated and subsequently isolated in cryogenic N2, Ar, and CO matrices (10 K) for a first time study on its photochemistry. Upon 193 nm laser irradiation, ClPO2 isomerizes to the novel chlorine metaphosphite (ClOPO) by initial cleavage of the Cl-P bond (→ ˙Cl + ˙PO2) with subsequent Cl-O bond formation inside the N2 and Ar matrix cages. The reverse transformation becomes feasible under further irradiation at 266 nm. This photochemistry is consistent with the observed absorptions of ClPO2 and ClOPO at 207 and 250 nm, respectively. When the photolysis was performed in solid CO ice, no isomerization occurs due to CO-trapping of the initially generated ˙Cl atoms by forming caged radical pair ClCO˙⋯˙PO2. Concomitantly, photolytic reduction of ClPO2 to ClPO by CO has been observed, yielding a weakly bonded molecular complex consisting of ClPO and CO2 bonded through short intermolecular C⋯O contact (2.910 Å). The characterization of ClPO, ClPO2, ClOPO, and the molecular complexes of ClPO2-CO and ClPO-CO2 using matrix-isolation IR and UV-vis spectroscopy is supported by the theoretical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311 + G(3df) level, and the photochemistry of ClPO2 is also compared with the revisited photochemistry of ClNO2 in the N2-matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Bifeng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Basis Set Effects in the Description of the Cl-O Bond in ClO and XClO/ClOX Isomers (X = H, O, and Cl) Using DFT and CCSD(T) Methods. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4057848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of a group of density functional methods of progressive complexity for the description of the ClO bond in a series of chlorine oxides was investigated. The simplest ClO radical species and the two isomeric structures XClO/ClOX for each X = H, Cl, and O were studied using the PW91, TPSS, B3LYP, PBE0, M06, M06-2X, BMK, and B2PLYP functionals. Geometry optimizations and reaction enthalpies and enthalpies of formation for each species were calculated using Pople basis sets and the (aug)-cc-pVnZ Dunning sets, with n = D, T, Q, 5, and 6. For the calculation of enthalpies of formation, atomization and isodesmic reactions were employed. Both the precision of the methods with respect to the increase of the basis sets, as well as their accuracy, were gauged by comparing the results with the more accurate CCSD(T) calculations, performed using the same basis sets as for the DFT methods. The results obtained employing composite chemical methods (G4, CBS-QB3, and W1BD) were also used for the comparisons, as well as the experimental results when they are available. The results obtained show that error compensation is the key for successful description of molecular properties (geometries and energies) by carefully selecting the method and basis sets. In general, expansion of the one-electron basis set to the limit of completeness does not improve results at the DFT level, but just the opposite. The enthalpies of formation calculated at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV6Z for the species considered are generally in agreement with experimental determinations and the most accurate theoretical values. Different sources of error in the calculations are discussed in detail.
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Papanastasiou DK, Feierabend KJ, Burkholder JB. Cl2O photochemistry: Ultraviolet/vis absorption spectrum temperature dependence and O(3P) quantum yield at 193 and 248 nm. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:204310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3592662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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An HS, Lee KH, Baeck KK. Ab initio Study of the Transition State of Direct Isomerization from ClOCl to ClClO on the S0and S1State. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.2.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bixby TJ, Patterson JD, Reid PJ. Femtosecond TRIR Studies of ClNO Photochemistry in Solution: Evidence for Photoisomerization and Geminate Recombination. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3886-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8100283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa J. Bixby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Joshua D. Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Philip J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Palmer MH, Nelson AD. The electronic states of chlorine oxide (Cl2O) studied by ab initio configuration interaction methods and spectroscopy. Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cooksey CC, Reid PJ. The Phase-dependent Photochemical Reaction Dynamics of Halooxides and Nitrosyl Halides¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Cooksey CC, Johnson KJ, Reid PJ. Femtosecond Pump−Probe Studies of Nitrosyl Chloride Photochemistry in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:8613-22. [PMID: 16836421 DOI: 10.1021/jp062069k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a femtosecond pump-probe study of the primary events of nitrosyl chloride (ClNO) photochemistry in solution. Following 266 nm photolysis, the resulting evolution in optical density is measured for ClNO dissolved in acetonitrile, chloroform, and dichloromethane. The results demonstrate that photolysis results in the production of a photoproduct that has an absorption band maximum at 295 nm in acetonitrile and 330 nm in chloroform and dichloromethane. To determine the extent of Cl production, comparative photochemical studies of methyl hypochlorite (MeOCl) and ClNO are performed. Photolysis of MeOCl in solution results in the production of the Cl:solvent charge-transfer complex; therefore, a comparison of the spectral evolution observed following MeOCl and ClNO photolysis under identical photolysis conditions is performed to determine the extent of Cl production following ClNO photolysis. We find that similar to the gas-phase photochemistry, Cl and NO formation is the dominant photochemical channel in acetonitrile. However, the photochemistry in chloroform and dichloromethane is more complex, with a second product formed in addition to Cl and NO. It is proposed that in these solvents photoisomerization also occurs, resulting in the production of ClON. The results presented here represent the first detailed examination of the solution phase photochemistry of ClNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Cooksey
- Box 351700, Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Cooksey CC, Reid PJ. The Phase-dependent Photochemical Reaction Dynamics of Halooxides and Nitrosyl Halides¶. Photochem Photobiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2004)080<0386:tpprdo>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cooksey CC, Reid PJ. Femtosecond Pump−Probe Studies of Dichlorine Monoxide in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030213l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C. Cooksey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Philip J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Tomasello P, Ehara M, Nakatsuji H. Theoretical investigation on the valence ionization spectra of Cl2O, ClOOCl, and F2O by correlation-based configuration interaction methods. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1556072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tomasello P, Ehara M, Nakatsuji H. Electronic excitation spectra of Cl2O, ClOOCl, and F2O: A SAC-CI study. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1433504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Esposito A, Reid P, Rousslang K. A resonance Raman study of Cl2O photochemistry in solution: evidence for ClClO formation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(99)00181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Chaquin P, Alikhani ME, Bahou M, Schriver-Mazzuoli L, Schriver A. Experimental and Theoretical Study of the XYO (X, Y = Cl, Br) Light-Induced Interconversion in Argon Matrix. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980952f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Chaquin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Unité propre du CNRS 9070, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Tour 22, case137, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - M. E. Alikhani
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Bat. F, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - M. Bahou
- Laboratoire de Physique Moléculaire et Applications, Unité propre du CNRS 136, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Tour 13, case 76, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - L. Schriver-Mazzuoli
- Laboratoire de Physique Moléculaire et Applications, Unité propre du CNRS 136, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Tour 13, case 76, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - A. Schriver
- Laboratoire de Physique Moléculaire et Applications, Unité propre du CNRS 136, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Tour 13, case 76, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Del Bene JE, Watts JD, Bartlett RJ. The electronic absorption spectra of ClOCl and ClClO. An ab initio EOM-CCSD(T) investigation. Chem Phys Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(95)01151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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