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Rani M, Yadav J, Shanker U, Wang C. Recent updates on remediation approaches of environmentally occurring pollutants using visible light-active nano-photocatalysts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:22258-22283. [PMID: 38418782 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis emerges as a potential remedy for the issue of an unreliable light source. Recognized as the most dependable and potent energy source sustaining life on Earth, sunlight offers a promising solution. Sunlight is abundant and free, operational costs associated with running photocatalytic system using nanoparticles are often lower compared to system relying on artificial light source. The escalating problem of water pollution, particularly in highly industrialized nations, necessitates effective wastewater treatment methods. These methods aim to combat elevated pollution levels, encompassing pharmaceuticals, dyes, flame retardants, and pesticide components. Advanced oxidation processes within photocatalytic wastewater treatment exhibit substantial promise for removing complex organic pollutants. Doped nanomaterials, with their enhanced properties, enable efficient utilization of light. Coupled nanomaterials present significant potential in addressing both water and energy challenges by proficiently eliminating persistent pollutants from environment. Photocatalysis when exposed to sunlight can absorb photons and generate e- h + pairs. This discussion briefly outlines the wastewater treatment facilitated by interconnected nanomaterials, emphasizing their role in water-energy nexus. In exploring the capabilities of components within a functional photocatalyst, a comprehensive analysis of both simple photocatalysts and integrated photocatalytic systems is undertaken. Review aims to provide detailed explanation of the impact of light source on photon generation and significance of solar light on reaction kinetics, considering various parameters such as catalyst dosage, pH, temperature, and types of oxidants. By shedding light on these aspects, this review seeks to enhance our understanding of intricate processes involved in photocatalysis and its potential applications in addressing contemporary environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manviri Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Uma Shanker
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India, 144027.
| | - Chongqing Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Tran HD, Nguyen DQ, Do PT, Tran UNP. Kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds: a mini-review and new approach. RSC Adv 2023; 13:16915-16925. [PMID: 37283872 PMCID: PMC10241197 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01970e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic compounds are widespread pollutants in wastewater, causing significant risks for living organisms. In terms of advanced oxidation processes, photocatalysis is known as an effective technology for the oxidation and mineralization of numerous non-biodegradable organic contaminants. The underlying mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation can be explored through kinetic studies. In previous works, Langmuir-Hinshelwood and pseudo-first-order models were commonly applied to fit batch-mode experimental data, revealing critical kinetic parameters. However, the application or combination conditions of these models were inconsistent or ignored. This paper briefly reviews kinetic models and various factors influencing the kinetics of photocatalytic degradation. In this review, kinetic models are also systemized by a new approach to establish a general concept of a kinetic model for the photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds in an aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai D Tran
- Faculty of Environment, Ho Chi Minh University of Natural Resources and Environment Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Dinh Quan Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Phuong T Do
- Office of R&D and External Relations, Ho Chi Minh University of Natural Resources and Environment Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Vietnam
| | - Uyen N P Tran
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Van Hien University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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Riaz S, Park SJ. An overview of TiO2-based photocatalytic membrane reactors for water and wastewater treatments. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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4
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Electrically enhanced photocatalysis for gas-phase benzaldehyde degradation by ordered mesoporous titania/conductive carbon felts. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Sub-particle reaction and photocurrent mapping to optimize catalyst-modified photoanodes. Nature 2016; 530:77-80. [DOI: 10.1038/nature16534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Powder semiconductor photocatalysis in aqueous solution: An overview of kinetics-based reaction mechanisms. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Antonopoulou M, Konstantinou I. Photocatalytic treatment of metribuzin herbicide over TiO2 aqueous suspensions: Removal efficiency, identification of transformation products, reaction pathways and ecotoxicity evaluation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Wang W, Yu Y, An T, Li G, Yip HY, Yu JC, Wong PK. Visible-light-driven photocatalytic inactivation of E. coli K-12 by bismuth vanadate nanotubes: bactericidal performance and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:4599-4606. [PMID: 22428729 DOI: 10.1021/es2042977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth vanadate nanotube (BV-NT), synthesized by a template-free solvothermal method, was used as an effective visible-light-driven (VLD) photocatalyst for inactivation of Escherichia coli K-12. The mechanism of photocatalytic bacterial inactivation was investigated by employing multiple scavengers combined with a simple partition system. The VLD photocatalytic bacterial inactivation by BV-NT did not allow any bacterial regrowth. The photogenerated h(+) and reactive oxidative species derived from h(+), such as OH(ads), H(2)O(2) and HO(2)/O(2)(-), were the major reactive species for bacterial inactivation. The inactivation by h(+) and OH(ads) required close contact between the BV-NT and bacterial cells, and only a limited amount of H(2)O(2) could diffuse into the solution to inactivate bacterial cells. The direct oxidation effect of h(+) to bacterial cells was confirmed by adopting F(-) surface modification and anaerobic experiments. The bacterial cells could trap e(-) in order to minimize e(-)-h(+) recombination, especially under anaerobic condition. Transmission electron microscopic study indicated the destruction process of bacterial cell began from the cell wall to other cellular components. The OH(ads) was postulated to be more important than OH(bulk) and was not supposed to be released very easily in the BV-NT bacterial inactivation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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Chow KL, Man YB, Zheng JS, Liang Y, Tam NFY, Wong MH. Characterizing the optimal operation of photocatalytic degradation of BDE-209 by nano-sized TiO2. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:1670-1678. [PMID: 23520876 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)60992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants have been widely used in industry. There is a rapid growing public concern for their availabilities in the environment. Advanced oxidation process (AOP) is a promising and efficient technology which may be used to remove emerging chemicals such as brominated flame retardants. This study aims at investigating optimal operational conditions for the removal of BDE-209 using nano-scaled titanium(IV) oxide. The residual PBDE congeners after photocatalytical degradation of BDE-209 by TiO2 were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that the degradability of BDE-209 by TiO2 was attributed to its photocatalytic activity but not the small size of the particles. The half-life of removing BDE-209 by TiO2 was 3.05 days under visible light. Tetra- and penta-BDEs were the major degraded products of BDE-209. Optimum conditions for photocatalytical degradation of BDE-209 was found to be at pH 12 (93% +/- 1%), 5, 10, 20 mg/L (93.0% +/- 1.70%, 91.6% +/- 3.21%, 91.9% +/- 0.952%, respectively), respectively of humic acid and in the form of anatase/rutile TiO2 (82% +/- 3%). Hence, the efficiency of removing BDE-209 can be maximized while being cost effective at the said operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Lai Chow
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Photocatalytic Dechlorination of Air Free Aqueous Carbon Tetrachloride Solutions in TiO2 Layer Systems. A Chain Reaction Mechanism. Z PHYS CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.1998.1.1.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Yin F, Lin Y, Lin RF, Li XP, Xiao XR. Effect of Chemical Treatment on TiO2 Particles by IMPS. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20020201011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Li G, Lv L, Fan H, Ma J, Li Y, Wan Y, Zhao XS. Effect of the agglomeration of TiO2 nanoparticles on their photocatalytic performance in the aqueous phase. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 348:342-7. [PMID: 20580763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
TiO(2) nanoparticles have been widely explored as photocatalysts in the degradation of organic matters present in water. However, spontaneous agglomeration of TiO(2) nanoparticles in a suspension is a crucial issue that must be addressed before the photocatalyst can be used for water treatment. In the present work, the nature of the agglomeration of TiO(2) nanoparticles in aqueous suspension was investigated. Two approaches to minimize the agglomeration of colloidal TiO(2) particles were investigated. A careful control over the pH of the system was found to be an effective method for stabilizing colloidal TiO(2) particles and to significantly enhance the adsorption of orange II. As a result, the overall photocatalytic degradation rate was greatly accelerated. In addition to pH control, modification of TiO(2) particles using polyelectrolyte poly allylamine hydrochloride (PAH) was observed to be an effective approach for preventing colloidal TiO(2) particles from agglomeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Singapore
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Enhanced photocatalytic disinfection of P. expansum in cold storage using a TiO2/ACF film. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 136:332-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Ye SY, Tian QM, Song XL, Luo SC. Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of ethylene by a combination of TiO2 and activated carbon felts. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Ma YS, Chang CN, Chiang YP, Sung HF, Chao AC. Photocatalytic degradation of lignin using Pt/TiO2 as the catalyst. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 71:998-1004. [PMID: 18093635 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Revised: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic degradation of lignin was studied with the use of catalysts TiO(2) and Pt/TiO(2). The influence of several experimental parameters, i.e. pH, catalyst dosage and illumination on lignin degradation was investigated. The results showed that application of UV irradiation alone has almost no effect on the reduction of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and American Dye Manufacture Institute value (ADMI). However, the addition of TiO(2) and Pt/TiO(2) reduced the original DOC (251 mg l(-1)) by more than 40% within 30 min of treatment and the reaction can be simulated with pseudo-first order kinetics. Rapid degradation of lignin was observed in acidic solution using either TiO(2) or Pt/TiO(2) as the catalyst compared to high pH cases. The content of Pt in the Pt/TiO(2) catalyst is 1%. In addition, too much catalyst addition has not increased the DOC and ADMI reduction proportionally. The investigation also indicated that the photocatalytic degradation rates could be enhanced 1-6 times faster after doping TiO(2) with Pt in different pH cases. A modified Nernst type model was adopted to simulate the decoloring process using TiO(2) and Pt/TiO(2) based on the profiles of oxidation reduction potential during the photocatalytic reaction. The developed equation can be used to predict the color removal efficiency of lignin wastewater by the photocatalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Shih Ma
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC
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16
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Adsorption and decomposition of a dipeptide (Ala-Trp) in TiO2 photocatalytic systems. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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18
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Phutane SR, Renner JN, Nelson SL, Seames WS, Páca J, Sundstrom TJ, Kozliak EI. Removal of 2,4-dinitrotoluene from concrete using bioremediation, agar extraction, and photocatalysis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2007; 52:253-60. [PMID: 17702464 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three methods, i.e. bioremediation by application of bacteria-laden agar, physical absorption of DNT by agar, or illumination by UV light were evaluated for the removal of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) from building-grade concrete. DNT biodegradation by Pseudomonas putida TOD was turned "on" and "off" by using toluene as a co-substrate thus allowing for rate-limiting step assessment. Bioremediation efficiency can be > 95-97% in 5-7 d if the process occurs at optimum growth temperature with the biological processes appearing to be rate-limiting. Sterile agar can remove up to 80% of DNT from concrete thus allowing DNT desorption and biodegradation to be conducted separately. Photoremediation results in 50% DNT removal in 9-12 d with no further removal, most likely due to mass transfer limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Phutane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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Pichat P, Courbon H, Enriquez R, Tan TTY, Amal R. Light-induced isotopic exchange between O2 and semiconductor oxides, a characterization method that deserves not to be overlooked. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2007. [DOI: 10.1163/156856707779238667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Tran TH, Nosaka AY, Nosaka Y. Adsorption and photocatalytic decomposition of amino acids in TiO2 photocatalytic systems. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:25525-31. [PMID: 17166003 DOI: 10.1021/jp065255z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption and photodecomposition of seven kinds of amino acids on a TiO2 surface were investigated by zeta potential measurements and 1H NMR spectroscopy in TiO2 aqueous suspension systems. The decomposition rates increased in the order of Phe < Ala < Asp < Trp < Asn < His < Ser. For Phe, Trp, Asn, His, and Ser, the isoelectric point (IEP) of TiO2 shifted to a lower pH with increasing decomposition rates upon adsorption on TiO2, suggesting that the effective adsorption and photocatalytic sites for these amino acids should be the basic terminal OH on the solid surface. Since the amino acids that decomposed faster than the others contain -OH (Ser), -NH (Trp, His), or -NH2 (Asn) in their side chain, they are considered to interact with the basic terminal OH groups more preferably by the side chain and are vulnerable to photocatalytic oxidation. On the other hand, Ala interacts with the acidic bridged OH on TiO2 to cause an IEP shift to a higher pH. The correlation of the surface hydroxyl groups with the photocatalysis of amino acids was verified by the use of calcined TiO2 without surface hydroxyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung H Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka, Nagaoka 940-2188, Japan
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Probing multiple effects of TiO2 sintering temperature on photocatalytic activity in water by use of a series of organic pollutant molecules. Catal Today 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2006.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous ethanol. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2007. [DOI: 10.2478/s11696-006-0095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA photocatalytic film reactor with a titanium dioxide film was used for oxidation of gaseous ethanol at 253.7 nm. The influences of partial pressures of oxygen and water vapour in different carrier gases were studied. The rate of photocatalytic oxidation of ethanol was significantly affected by the content of oxygen but water vapour had no effect. It was suggested that the photocatalytic transformation of ethanol follows a direct oxidation mechanism where the interaction of ethanol with positive hole gives first cationic free radical of ethanol, which is converted by multipathway reactions with oxygen to acetaldehyde, ethyl formate, and ethyl acetate.
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Photocatalytic degradation and kinetics of Orange G using nano-sized Sn(IV)/TiO2/AC photocatalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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An T, Xiong Y, Li G, Zhu X, Sheng G, Fu J. Improving ultraviolet light transmission in a packed-bed photoelectrocatalytic reactor for removal of oxalic acid from wastewater. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Agrios AG, Pichat P. Recombination rate of photogenerated charges versus surface area: Opposing effects of TiO2 sintering temperature on photocatalytic removal of phenol, anisole, and pyridine in water. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tachikawa T, Tojo S, Fujitsuka M, Majima T. One-Electron Redox Processes during Polyoxometalate-Mediated Photocatalytic Reactions of TiO2 Studied by Two-Color Two-Laser Flash Photolysis. Chemistry 2006; 12:3124-31. [PMID: 16358350 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The one-electron redox processes of several compounds during polyoxometalate (POM)-mediated photocatalytic reactions of TiO(2) were investigated using the two-color two-laser flash-photolysis technique. The efficiency of the one-electron oxidation of aromatic sulfides by the trapped hole (h(tr) (+)) or the surface-bound OH radical (OH(s) (.)) is found to be significantly enhanced due to electron transfer from the conduction band (CB) of TiO(2) to the POM. The efficiency of the electron transfer from the CB of TiO(2) to the POM decreases in the order H(2)W(12)O(40) (6-) < SiW(12)O(40) (4-) < PW(12)O(40) (3-), that is, it depends on the reduction potential (E(red)) of the POMs. Electron injection from PW(12)O(40) (4-) in the excited state (PW(12)O(40) (4-*)) to the CB of TiO(2) was clearly observed using the two-color two-laser flash-photolysis technique. Storage of electrons in the TiO(2)/PW(12)O(40) (3-)/methyl viologen (MV(2+)) ternary system was also achieved upon two-color two-laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tachikawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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Enríquez R, Pichat P. Different net effect of TiO2 sintering temperature on the photocatalytic removal rates of 4-chlorophenol, 4-chlorobenzoic acid and dichloroacetic acid in water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2006; 41:955-66. [PMID: 16760078 DOI: 10.1080/10934520600689233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Our purpose was to show that the sintering temperature of TiO(2) can have a different net effect (thought to arise from a decrease in surface area against a decrease in recombination rate of charge carriers) on the photocatalytic removal rate of various organic pollutants in water. For that, we have chosen four chlorinated pollutants, viz. 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), 4-chlorobenzoic acid (4-CBA) and dichloroacetic acid (DCAA). Their photocatalytic removal was studied over four TiO(2) samples (from Millennium Chemicals or affiliate) all obtained identically by TiOSO4 thermohydrolysis with subsequent calcination at various temperatures, TiO(2) Degussa P25 was used for comparison. At equal TiO(2) mass in the slurry photoreactor, the pseudo-first-order removal rate constant k increased with the calcination temperatures for the three aromatic pollutants, whereas it was the opposite for the aliphatic acid. Results obtained with P25 were consistent with the reasoning based on the combined effects of surface area and charge recombination rate. Similar k values for 4-CP and 2,5-DCP, irrespective of the TiO(2), further illustrate the importance of the molecular structure. For 4-CBA, the possibility of decarboxylation in addition to an attack on the ring, as well as a much higher extent of adsorption, can explain a higher k with respect to the chlorophenols. The implication of these results is that the hole attack mechanism for carboxylic acids is much more sensitive to surface area variation than would be the (diffusible) OH radical mechanism for aromatics which could react in the near-surface solution-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Enríquez
- Laboratoire Photocatalyse, Catalyse et Environnement, CNRS UMR IFoS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France
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Cao Y, Chen J, Huang L, Wang Y, Hou Y, Lu Y. Photocatalytic degradation of chlorfenapyr in aqueous suspension of TiO2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2005.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Son HS, Lee SJ, Cho IH, Zoh KD. Kinetics and mechanism of TNT degradation in TiO2 photocatalysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2004; 57:309-317. [PMID: 15312729 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2003] [Revised: 05/12/2004] [Accepted: 05/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of TNT in a circular photocatalytic reactor, using a UV lamp as a light source and TiO(2) as a photocatalyst, was investigated. The effects of various parameters such as the initial TNT concentration, and the initial pH on the TNT degradation rate of TiO(2) photocatalysis were examined. In the presence of both UV light illumination and TiO(2) catalyst, TNT was more effectively degraded than with either UV or TiO(2) alone. The reaction rate was found to obey pseudo first-order kinetics represented by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. In the mineralization study, TNT (30 mg/l) photocatalytic degradation resulted in an approximately 80% TOC decrease after 150 min, and 10% of acetate and 57% of formate were produced as the organic intermediates, and were further degraded. NO(-)(3) NO(-)(2), and NH(+)(4) were detected as the nitrogen byproducts from photocatalysis and photolysis, and more than 50% of the total nitrogen was converted mainly to NO(-)(3)in the photocatalysis. However, NO(-)(3) did not adsorbed on the TiO(2) surface. TNT showed higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency at neutral and basic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seok Son
- Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 28 YeonKeon-Dong, Jongro-Gu, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
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Villarreal TL, Gómez R, Neumann-Spallart M, Alonso-Vante N, Salvador P. Semiconductor Photooxidation of Pollutants Dissolved in Water: A Kinetic Model for Distinguishing between Direct and Indirect Interfacial Hole Transfer. I. Photoelectrochemical Experiments with Polycrystalline Anatase Electrodes under Current Doubling and Absence of Recombination. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049447a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Lana Villarreal
- Departament de Química Física and Institut Universitari d'Electroquímica, Universitat d'Alacant, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alacant, Spain, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Spain, Laboratoire de Physique de Solides et de Cristallographie, CNRS, France, Laboratoire Electrocatalyse, Universite de Poitiers, France, and Departamento de Matemáticas e Informática, Universidad Islas Baleares, E-07071, Spain
| | - R. Gómez
- Departament de Química Física and Institut Universitari d'Electroquímica, Universitat d'Alacant, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alacant, Spain, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Spain, Laboratoire de Physique de Solides et de Cristallographie, CNRS, France, Laboratoire Electrocatalyse, Universite de Poitiers, France, and Departamento de Matemáticas e Informática, Universidad Islas Baleares, E-07071, Spain
| | - M. Neumann-Spallart
- Departament de Química Física and Institut Universitari d'Electroquímica, Universitat d'Alacant, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alacant, Spain, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Spain, Laboratoire de Physique de Solides et de Cristallographie, CNRS, France, Laboratoire Electrocatalyse, Universite de Poitiers, France, and Departamento de Matemáticas e Informática, Universidad Islas Baleares, E-07071, Spain
| | - N. Alonso-Vante
- Departament de Química Física and Institut Universitari d'Electroquímica, Universitat d'Alacant, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alacant, Spain, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Spain, Laboratoire de Physique de Solides et de Cristallographie, CNRS, France, Laboratoire Electrocatalyse, Universite de Poitiers, France, and Departamento de Matemáticas e Informática, Universidad Islas Baleares, E-07071, Spain
| | - P. Salvador
- Departament de Química Física and Institut Universitari d'Electroquímica, Universitat d'Alacant, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alacant, Spain, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Spain, Laboratoire de Physique de Solides et de Cristallographie, CNRS, France, Laboratoire Electrocatalyse, Universite de Poitiers, France, and Departamento de Matemáticas e Informática, Universidad Islas Baleares, E-07071, Spain
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32
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Kuburovic ND, Valent VJ, Todorovic MS. The use of the solar energy in photochemical and photocatalytic processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/10556790310001612490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rabindranathan S, Devipriya S, Yesodharan S. Photocatalytic degradation of phosphamidon on semiconductor oxides. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2003; 102:217-229. [PMID: 12972239 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3894(03)00167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of a small concentration of an organo-phosphorous (OP) insecticide phosphamidon, in water, on ZnO and TiO(2) is investigated. Of the two semiconductor oxides, TiO(2) is found to be more effective as a photocatalyst for this reaction. Several factors such as concentration of phosphamidon, pH of the system, catalyst loading and presence of anions are found to influence the degradation rate. The reaction follows apparent first-order kinetics, though at higher concentrations, there is a reduction in the order of the reaction. There is a simultaneous formation and decomposition of H(2)O(2) in the system, resulting in a periodic increase and decrease in its concentration. The catalyst TiO(2) is effective for the degradation of phosphamidon in direct sunlight and thus opens the possibility of solar decontamination of wastewater containing small amounts of OP pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Rabindranathan
- School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, 682016, Cochin, India
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34
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Martyanov IN, Klabunde KJ. Photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide over TiO2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2003; 37:3448-3453. [PMID: 12966994 DOI: 10.1021/es0209767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES, ClCH2CH2SCH2CH3) over TiO2 illuminated with UV light and maintained at 25 or 80 degrees C in air has been investigated. 2-CEES was found to suffer progressive oxidation to yield ethylene (CH2CH2), chloroethylene (ClCHCH2), ethanol (CH3CH2OH), acetaldehyde (CH3C(O)H), chloroacetaldehyde (ClCH2C(O)H), diethyl disulfide (CH3CH2S2CH2CH3), 2-chloroethyl ethyl disulfide (ClCH2CH2S2CH2CH3), and bis(2-chloroethyl) disulfide (ClCH2CH2S2CH2CH2Cl) as the main primary intermediates, and water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), surface sulfate ions (SO4(2-)), and hydrogen chloride (HCl) as the final products. Trace concentrations of gaseous 2-chloroethanol (ClCH2CH2OH), ethanesulfonyl chloride (CH3CH2SO2Cl), ethyl thioacetate (CH3CH2SC(O)CH3), and considerable amounts of acetic acid (CH3C(O)OH), crotonaldehyde (CH3CHCHC(O)H), methyl acetate (CH3C(O)OCH3), and methyl formate (CH3OC(O)H) were also detected in the gas phase during the photooxidation conducted at 80 degrees C. Increase in temperature from 25 to 80 degrees C accelerates formation of gaseous ethanol, acetaldehyde, chloroacetaldehyde, diethyl disulfide, 2-chloroethyl ethyl disulfide, and bis(2-chloroethyl) disulfide but suppresses ethylene and chloroethylene production at initial stages of the process. Some aspects of the possible reaction mechanism leading to this wide array of intermediates and final products are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor N Martyanov
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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35
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Garcia JC, Takashima K. Photocatalytic degradation of imazaquin in an aqueous suspension of titanium dioxide. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(02)00370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Kim S, Choi W. Dual Photocatalytic Pathways of Trichloroacetate Degradation on TiO2: Effects of Nanosized Platinum Deposits on Kinetics and Mechanism. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0262261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soonhyun Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Wonyong Choi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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38
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Effects of radiation absorption and catalyst concentration on the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. Catal Today 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5861(02)00217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Synergetic effect in degradation of formic acid using a new photoelectrochemical reactor. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(02)00211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Li XZ, Li FB, Fan CM, Sun YP. Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of humic acid in aqueous solution using a Ti/TiO2 mesh photoelectrode. WATER RESEARCH 2002; 36:2215-2224. [PMID: 12108714 DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1354(01)00440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) is one of natural organics existing in water supply as a precursor of trihalomethanes formation in chlorination. The photo-degradation of HA in aqueous solution by photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) oxidation using a Ti/TiO2 mesh electrode was investigated in terms of UV absorbance at 254 nm, colour and TOC concentration. The key factors affecting the PEC oxidation efficiency were studied, including the concentration of electrolyte, electrical bias applied. pH value of HA solution, the intensity of incident light and the area of Ti/TiO2 mesh photoelectrodes. The first-order kinetic model was applied to describe the PEC oxidation, in which the kinetic constant k was verified by the experimental data as a function of the concentration of electrolyte, light intensity, the area of Ti/TiO2 mesh electrode and the voltage of electrical bias applied. It was found that there was an optimal bias voltage of 1.63 V and low pH value was favourable for TOC removal in HA solution. Our investigation showed that PEC oxidation was a convenient way to mineralise the organic matters with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Li
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon.
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42
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Kim S, Choi W. Kinetics and mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation of (CH3)nNH(4-n)+ (0 < or = n < or = 4) in TiO2 suspension: the role of OH radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2002; 36:2019-2025. [PMID: 12026987 DOI: 10.1021/es015560s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of a series of (CH3)nNH(4-n)+ (0 < or = n < or = 4) was systematically studied in the UV-illuminated TiO2 aqueous suspensions at pH ranges of 3-11. By investigating the pH-dependent kinetics and analyzing intermediates and products, we elucidated the mechanistic pathways and the role of OH radicals in the photocatalytic oxidation. The deprotonated neutral species more rapidly degraded than their protonated counterparts for these homologous compounds because the OH radicals favorably reacted with the lone-pair electron on the nitrogen atom. Therefore, the photocatalytic degradation was highly enhanced at alkaline solutions for all substances except (CH3)4N+. The H-atom abstraction (from (CH3)4N+) by OH radicals initiated successive demethylation processes to generate tri-, di-, and monomethylammonium/amine as an intermediate and NH3/NH4+ as a final product. On the other hand, the OH-addition to the N-atom with the lone-pair electron led to NO2-/NO3- whose production was highly favored at alkaline conditions. The photocatalytic degradation rates of (CH3)4N+ were comparable at both acidic and alkaline conditions, which could not be explained by a simple electrostatic surface charge model. By using OH-scavenging tert-butyl alcohol as a diagnostic probe into the mechanism, it is suggested that the photocatalytic oxidation of (CH3)4N+ at acidic conditions proceeds through free OH radicals in the solution bulk, not on the surface of TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonhyun Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea
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An TC, Zhu XH, Xiong Y. Feasibility study of photoelectrochemical degradation of methylene blue with three-dimensional electrode-photocatalytic reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2002; 46:897-903. [PMID: 11922070 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The photoelectrochemical degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution was investigated with three-dimensional electrode-photocatalytic reactor. It was found that the methylene blue could be degraded more efficiently by photoelectrochemical process than by photocatalytic oxidation or electrochemical oxidation alone. The decolorization efficiency and COD reduction were 95% and 87% for a photoelectrochemical process, respectively, while they were only 78% and 68% for a single electrochemical process and 89% and 71% for a single photochemical process. The TOC reduction of the former also reached as high as about 81% within a reaction time of 30.0 min. And these degradation reactions conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Cheng An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongshan University, China.
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45
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Hiskia A, Ecke M, Troupis A, Kokorakis A, Hennig H, Papaconstantinou E. Sonolytic, photolytic, and photocatalytic decomposition of atrazine in the presence of polyoxometalates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2001; 35:2358-2364. [PMID: 11414045 DOI: 10.1021/es000212w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous solutions of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(isopropylamino)-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine] (CIET) decompose upon illumination with a low-pressure Hg-arc lamp (254 nm). However, no decomposition takes place with lambda > 300 nm. On the other hand, addition of polyoxometalates (POM), PW12O40(3-) or SiW12O40(4-), into a solution of atrazine photodecomposes the substrate within a few minutes (cutoff fiter 320 nm). Ultrasound (US) treatment also decomposes aqueous solutions of atrazine within a few minutes. Both methods, sonolysis and photolysis with POM, give common intermediates, namely, 2-hydroxy-4-(isopropylamino)-6-amino-s-triazine (OIET), 2-chloro-4-(isopropylamino)-6-amino-s-triazine (CIAT), 2-chloro-4-amino-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine (CAET), 2-hydroxy-4,6-diamino-s-triazine (OAAT), and 2-hydroxy-4-hydroxy-6-amino-s-triazine (OOAT) among others. The final products for both methods, US and photolysis with POM, were cyanuric acid (OOOT), NO3-, Cl-, CO2, and H2O. OOOT showed no signs of decomposition by sonication and/or photolysis with POM. It also resisted degradation upon photolysis with plain UV light (254 nm). However, it has been reported to decompose upon photolysis with lambda > 200 nm. Combination of US and photolysis with POM produces only a cumulative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hiskia
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritós, 153-10 Athens, Greece
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46
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An T, Zhu X, Xiong Y. Synergic degradation of reactive brilliant red X-3B using three dimension electrode-photocatalytic reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2001; 36:2069-2082. [PMID: 11759916 DOI: 10.1081/ese-100107449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new reactor, three dimension electrode-photocatalytic reactor, was designed and used to investigate the photoelectrochemical degradation of reactive brilliant red X-3B (RBRX) in simulated wastewater. The reactor was characterized by a series of parameters, the current change, decolorization ratio, COD removal and degradation ratio. It was found that the three dimensional electrode-photocatalytic reactor could effectively destroy the RBRX within a reaction time of 30 min. The results also showed that the photoelectrochemical process is more efficient than the single application of electrochemical oxidation or photocatalytic degradation. The degradation reactions of RBRX conformed to pseudo first order kinetics in the three processes, and an apparent synergic effect in the increase of the photocurrent and the disappearance of RBRX was observed by combining the electrochemistry with photocatalytic process in the three dimension electrode-photocatalytic reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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47
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Effect of chloride ions on 4-chlorophenol photodegradation in the absence and presence of titanium silicalite-2. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(00)00327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Martyanov I, Savinov E. Photocatalytic steady-state methylviologen oxidation in air-saturated TiO2 aqueous suspension. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(00)00254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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50
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Kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of aniline in water over TiO2 supported on porous nickel. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(99)00232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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