1
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Li WG, Liu QJ, Liu FS, Liu ZT. Atomic mean square displacement study of the bond breaking mechanism of energetic materials before explosive initiation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5613-5618. [PMID: 36727537 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05468j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and predicting the bond breaking mechanism of energetic materials before explosion initiation is one of the huge challenges in explosion science. By means of the mean square displacement of the atom from the equilibrium position and theoretical bond breaking tensile change of the chemical bond, we establish a new criterion to judge whether the chemical bond is broken. Further, α-RDX is used as the verification object to verify the accuracy of this model. We obtained an initial decomposition temperature of 434-513 K for α-RDX at 0 GPa, and the initial bond breaking type was N-NO2. Finally, based on this model, we discussed in detail the breaking of chemical bonds of solid nitromethane near the detonation pressure. We think that the high temperature and high pressure caused by the shock wave may break all the chemical bonds of nitromethane near the detonation pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Guang Li
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi-Jun Liu
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fu-Sheng Liu
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zheng-Tang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, People's Republic of China
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2
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Deng Z, Cheng D, Xu X, Yan J. The Nitromethylation of 1,3-Diarylpropenes Mediated by DDQ:N,N-Dimethyl-2-Nitroethyleneamine as a Nitromethane Equivalent. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiteng Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Dongping Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
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3
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Taghva Manesh A, Solhnejad R. Variational RRKM calculation of thermal rate constant for C–H bond fission reaction of nitro methane. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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4
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Lu Z, Xue X, Zhang C. A theoretical prediction on the shear-induced phase transformation of TKX-50. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:31054-31062. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06363f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) is a new and attractive energetic material that outperforms numerous common explosives because of its excellent properties and performance, and is thus a promising candidate to replace some of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Lu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
| | - Xianggui Xue
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center
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5
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Wei Y, Wang X, Wang X, Tao Z, Cui Y, Yang M. A theoretical study of the activation of nitromethane under applied electric fields. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00724d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
C–N activation is the key step of nitromethane decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wei
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Key Laboratory of High Energy Density
- Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Xinqin Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Key Laboratory of High Energy Density
- Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Zhiqiang Tao
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yingqi Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Key Laboratory of High Energy Density
- Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Mingli Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Key Laboratory of High Energy Density
- Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
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6
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Politzer P, Murray JS. Some molecular/crystalline factors that affect the sensitivities of energetic materials: molecular surface electrostatic potentials, lattice free space and maximum heat of detonation per unit volume. J Mol Model 2015; 21:25. [PMID: 25631919 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We discuss three molecular/crystalline properties that we believe to be among the factors that influence the impact/shock sensitivities of energetic materials (i.e., their vulnerabilities to unintended detonation due to impact or shock). These properties are (a) the anomalously strong positive electrostatic potentials in the central regions of their molecular surfaces, (b) the free space per molecule in their crystal lattices, and (c) their maximum heats of detonation per unit volume. Overall, sensitivity tends to become greater as these properties increase; however these are general trends, not correlations. Nitramines are exceptions in that their sensitivities show little or no variation with free space in the lattice and heat of detonation per unit volume. We outline some of the events involved in detonation initiation and show how the three properties are related to different ones of these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Politzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA,
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7
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Hébert P, Saint-Amans C. Study of the laser-induced decomposition of energetic materials at static high-pressure by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/500/2/022002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Politzer P, Murray JS. Impact sensitivity and crystal lattice compressibility/free space. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2223. [PMID: 24756553 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable evidence, which we discuss, indicating that compressibility and available free space in the crystal lattice are among the factors that govern the sensitivity of an explosive compound. Expanding and extending earlier work, we demonstrate, for 25 explosives, that there is an overall general tendency for greater impact sensitivity as the estimated free space per molecule increases. More specific relationships can be discerned by looking at subgroups of the compounds. The nitramine sensitivities, most of which are quite high, increase nearly linearly but only very gradually with free space. The nitroaromatics cover a wide range of sensitivities but all have an approximately similar intermediate level of free space. The remaining types of compounds show a reasonable sensitivity-free space relationship with one outlier: FOX-7 (1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Politzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA,
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9
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Furman D, Kosloff R, Dubnikova F, Zybin SV, Goddard WA, Rom N, Hirshberg B, Zeiri Y. Decomposition of condensed phase energetic materials: interplay between uni- and bimolecular mechanisms. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4192-200. [PMID: 24495109 DOI: 10.1021/ja410020f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Activation energy for the decomposition of explosives is a crucial parameter of performance. The dramatic suppression of activation energy in condensed phase decomposition of nitroaromatic explosives has been an unresolved issue for over a decade. We rationalize the reduction in activation energy as a result of a mechanistic change from unimolecular decomposition in the gas phase to a series of radical bimolecular reactions in the condensed phase. This is in contrast to other classes of explosives, such as nitramines and nitrate esters, whose decomposition proceeds via unimolecular reactions both in the gas and in the condensed phase. The thermal decomposition of a model nitroaromatic explosive, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), is presented as a prime example. Electronic structure and reactive molecular dynamics (ReaxFF-lg) calculations enable to directly probe the condensed phase chemistry under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, identifying the key bimolecular radical reactions responsible for the low activation route. This study elucidates the origin of the difference between the activation energies in the gas phase (~62 kcal/mol) and the condensed phase (~35 kcal/mol) of TNT and identifies the corresponding universal principle. On the basis of these findings, the different reactivities of nitro-based organic explosives are rationalized as an interplay between uni- and bimolecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Furman
- Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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10
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Walvoord RR, Kozlowski MC. Minimizing the amount of nitromethane in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling with aryl halides. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8859-64. [PMID: 23895411 DOI: 10.1021/jo401249y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A method for the formation of arylnitromethanes is described that employs readily available aryl halides or triflates and small amounts of nitromethane in a dioxane solvent, thereby reducing the hazards associated with this reagent. Specifically, 2-10 equiv (1-5% v/v) of nitromethane can be employed in comparison to prior work that used nitromethane as solvent (185 equiv). The present transformation provides high yields at relatively low temperatures and tolerates an array of functionality, including heterocycles and substantial steric encumbrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Walvoord
- Penn Merck High Throughput Experimentation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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11
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12
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Bini R, Ceppatelli M, Citroni M, Schettino V. From simple to complex and backwards. Chemical reactions under very high pressure. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Rom N, Zybin SV, van Duin ACT, Goddard WA, Zeiri Y, Katz G, Kosloff R. Density-Dependent Liquid Nitromethane Decomposition: Molecular Dynamics Simulations Based on ReaxFF. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:10181-202. [DOI: 10.1021/jp202059v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Rom
- Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sergey V. Zybin
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Adri C. T. van Duin
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yehuda Zeiri
- Bio-medical Engineering, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Division of Chemistry, NRCN, P.O. Box 9001, Beer-Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - Gil Katz
- Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ronnie Kosloff
- Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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14
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Mota OO, Çağın T. Anisotropic behavior of energetic materials at elevated pressure and temperature. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Han SP, van Duin ACT, Goddard WA, Strachan A. Thermal Decomposition of Condensed-Phase Nitromethane from Molecular Dynamics from ReaxFF Reactive Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:6534-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1104054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si-ping Han
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Adri C. T. van Duin
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alejandro Strachan
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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16
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Abstract
AbstractWe have studied shock-induced changes in homogeneous high explosives including nitromethane, tetranitromethane, and single crystals of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) by using fast time-resolved emission and Raman spectroscopy at a two-stage light-gas gun. The results reveal three distinct steps during which the homogeneous explosives chemically evolve to final detonation products. These are i) the initiation of shock compressed high explosives after an induction period, ii) thermal explosion of shock-compressed and/or reacting materials, and iii) a decay to a steady-state representing a transition to the detonation of uncompressed high explosives. Based on a gray-body approximation, we have obtained the CJ temperatures: 3800 K for nitromethane, 2950 K for tetranitromethane, and 4100 K for PETN. We compare the data with various thermochemical equilibrium calculations. In this paper we will also show a preliminary result of single-shot time-resolved Raman spectroscopy applied to shock-compressed nitromethane.
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17
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Vibrational spectroscopy of nitroaromatic self-assembled monolayers under extreme conditions. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Fu W, Kiggans J, Overbury SH, Schwartz V, Liang C. Low-temperature exfoliation of multilayer-graphene material from FeCl3 and CH3NO2 co-intercalated graphite compound. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:5265-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10508f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Siavosh-Haghighi A, Dawes R, Sewell TD, Thompson DL. A Molecular Dynamics Study of Classical Vibrational Spectra in Hydrostatically Compressed Crystalline Nitromethane. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:17177-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jp109106k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Siavosh-Haghighi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, United States
| | - Richard Dawes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, United States
| | - Thomas D. Sewell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, United States
| | - Donald L. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, United States
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20
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Citroni M, Bini R, Pagliai M, Cardini G, Schettino V. Nitromethane Decomposition under High Static Pressure. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:9420-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1035508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Citroni
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italia, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italia
| | - Roberto Bini
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italia, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italia
| | - Marco Pagliai
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italia, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italia
| | - Gianni Cardini
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italia, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italia
| | - Vincenzo Schettino
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italia, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italia
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21
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Wang L, Xu J, Yi C, Zou H, Xu W. Theoretical study on the thermal decomposition of nitromethane encapsulated inside single-walled carbon nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Conroy MW, Oleynik II, Zybin SV, White CT. Density Functional Theory Calculations of Solid Nitromethane under Hydrostatic and Uniaxial Compressions with Empirical van der Waals Correction. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3610-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809843k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. W. Conroy
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
| | - I. I. Oleynik
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
| | - S. V. Zybin
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
| | - C. T. White
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
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23
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Siavosh-Haghighi A, Dawes R, Sewell TD, Thompson DL. Shock-induced melting of (100)-oriented nitromethane: Structural relaxation. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:064503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3202441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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24
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Kiselev VG, Gritsan NP. Theoretical Study of the Nitroalkane Thermolysis. 1. Computation of the Formation Enthalpy of the Nitroalkanes, Their Isomers and Radical Products. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:4458-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp077391p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly G. Kiselev
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nina P. Gritsan
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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25
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Santagneli SH, Schneider J, Skripachev I, Ribeiro SJL, Messaddeq Y. Preparation and characterization of new glassy system As2P2S8-Ga2S3. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:4943-7. [PMID: 18386870 DOI: 10.1021/jp7110082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glasses having the composition (100 - x)As2P2S8-xGa2S3 with x ranging from 0 to 50% were investigated to determine the compositional effect on properties and local structure. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and the stability parameter against crystallization (Tx - Tg) increased with the addition of Ga2S3. The structure of these glasses was probed by Raman scattering, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. On the basis of the observed vibrations and the strength of the 31P-31P homonuclear magnetic dipolar coupling, two scenarios can be proposed for the structural evolution induced by the addition of Ga2S3. For x <or= 20% we may have the formation of GaS4E- groups (E = nonbonding electron), and for x >or= 30% we have depolymerization of the As2P2S8 units and the formation of a network of GaPS4 units with each PS 4/2 unit (Q4) species carrying a single positive formal charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia H Santagneli
- Institute of Chemistry,- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Post Office Box 355, Araraquara, SP 14801-970, Brazil
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26
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Citroni M, Datchi F, Bini R, Di Vaira M, Pruzan P, Canny B, Schettino V. Crystal Structure of Nitromethane up to the Reaction Threshold Pressure. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:1095-103. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0771318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Citroni
- LENS - European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Universitá di Firenze, via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy, 2 Dipartimento di Chimica dell' Universitá di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy, and 3 IMPMC - Physique des Milieux Denses, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 140 rue de Lourmel, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fréderic Datchi
- LENS - European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Universitá di Firenze, via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy, 2 Dipartimento di Chimica dell' Universitá di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy, and 3 IMPMC - Physique des Milieux Denses, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 140 rue de Lourmel, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Roberto Bini
- LENS - European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Universitá di Firenze, via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy, 2 Dipartimento di Chimica dell' Universitá di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy, and 3 IMPMC - Physique des Milieux Denses, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 140 rue de Lourmel, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Massimo Di Vaira
- LENS - European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Universitá di Firenze, via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy, 2 Dipartimento di Chimica dell' Universitá di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy, and 3 IMPMC - Physique des Milieux Denses, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 140 rue de Lourmel, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Pruzan
- LENS - European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Universitá di Firenze, via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy, 2 Dipartimento di Chimica dell' Universitá di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy, and 3 IMPMC - Physique des Milieux Denses, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 140 rue de Lourmel, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Canny
- LENS - European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Universitá di Firenze, via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy, 2 Dipartimento di Chimica dell' Universitá di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy, and 3 IMPMC - Physique des Milieux Denses, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 140 rue de Lourmel, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Schettino
- LENS - European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Universitá di Firenze, via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy, 2 Dipartimento di Chimica dell' Universitá di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy, and 3 IMPMC - Physique des Milieux Denses, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 140 rue de Lourmel, 75015 Paris, France
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27
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Nazin GM, Manelis GB. Thermal decomposition of aliphatic nitro-compounds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1994v063n04abeh000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Gilman
- a Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California , 90024 , USA
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29
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Engelke R, Sheffield SA, Stacy HL. Effect of Deuteration on the Diameter-Effect Curve of Liquid Nitromethane. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:7744-8. [PMID: 16774223 DOI: 10.1021/jp0616314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The detonation properties of liquid nitromethane [CH(3)NO(2)] are probably the most thoroughly studied of any condensed-phase explosive. Because it is homogeneous (i.e., lacks hot-spot phenomena), it provides a window into the underlying chemical processes induced by a passing shock or detonation wave-such information is submerged in the complex fluid mechanics when heterogeneous explosives are detonated. In this paper, we provide experimental data and data analysis of the effect that deuterating nitromethane's methyl group has on some aspects of the processes that occur in the detonating liquid material. In the experimental part of this study, we report diameter-effect curves (i.e., inverse charge internal radius vs steady detonation speed) for pure CH(3)NO(2) and pure CD(3)NO(2) confined in right-circular cylinders of C-260 brass. Large differences in the infinite-medium (i.e., plane wave) detonation speed and in the failure diameter of the two materials are observed. Interpretations of the observations based on physical and chemical theory are given. The observed large decrease in deuterated nitromethane's infinite-medium detonation speed, relative to the protonated material, is interpreted in terms of the Zeldovitch, von Neumann, and Doering theory of steady-state detonation. We also estimate the relative size of the steady plane-wave reaction-zone length of the two materials. We interpret the observed increases in NM's failure diameter and its steady one-dimensional chemical-reaction-zone length due to deuteration in terms of the quantity of NM aci ion present. The new results are placed in the context of earlier work on detonating liquid nitromethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Engelke
- MS P952, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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30
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Liu H, Zhao J, Wei D, Gong Z. Structural and vibrational properties of solid nitromethane under high pressure by density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:124501. [PMID: 16599691 DOI: 10.1063/1.2179801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural, vibrational, and electronic properties of solid nitromethane under hydrostatic pressure of up to 20 GPa have been studied using density functional theory. The changes of cell volume, the lattice constants, and the molecular geometry of solid nitromethane under hydrostatic loading are examined, and the bulk modulus B0 and its pressure derivative B0' are fitted from the volume-pressure relation. Our theoretical results are compared with available experiments. The change of electron band gap of nitromethane under high pressure is also discussed. Based on the optimized crystal structures, the vibrational frequencies for the internal and lattice modes of the nitromethane crystal at ambient and high pressures are computed, and the pressure-induced frequency shifts of these modes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Institute of High Pressure and High Temperature Physics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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31
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Effect of supercritical water density on the rate constant of aliphatic nitrocompounds decomposition. J Supercrit Fluids 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2004.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Agrawal PM, Rice BM, Thompson DL. Molecular dynamics study of the melting of nitromethane. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1612915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan C. Sorescu
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, and The U. S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005
| | - Betsy M. Rice
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, and The U. S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005
| | - Donald L. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, and The U. S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005
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34
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Yoo CS, Cynn H. Equation of state, phase transition, decomposition of β-HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) at high pressures. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Gutsev GL, Jena P, Bartlett RJ. Thermodynamical stability of CH3ONO and CH3ONO−: A coupled-cluster and Hartree–Fock-density-functional-theory study. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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36
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Gruzdkov YA, Gupta YM. Emission and Fluorescence Spectroscopy To Examine Shock-Induced Decomposition in Nitromethane. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp981588n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A. Gruzdkov
- Institute for Shock Physics and Department of Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2816
| | - Yogendra M. Gupta
- Institute for Shock Physics and Department of Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2816
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37
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Drljaca A, Hubbard CD, van Eldik R, Asano T, Basilevsky MV, le Noble WJ. Activation and Reaction Volumes in Solution. 3. Chem Rev 1998; 98:2167-2290. [PMID: 11848963 DOI: 10.1021/cr970461b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Drljaca
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Institute for Fundamental Research of Organic Chemistry, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan, Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, 10, Vorontsovo Pole, 103064 Moscow, Russia, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A. Gruzdkov
- Institute for Shock Physics and Department of Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814
| | - Yogendra M. Gupta
- Institute for Shock Physics and Department of Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814
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39
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Wang J, Brower KR, Naud DL. Effect of Pressure on the Thermolysis of Nitroalkanes in Solution. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9705632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801
| | - Kay R. Brower
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801
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40
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Winey JM, Gupta YM. Shock-Induced Chemical Changes in Neat Nitromethane: Use of Time-Resolved Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp972588a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Winey
- Shock Dynamics Center and Department of Physics Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814
| | - Y. M. Gupta
- Shock Dynamics Center and Department of Physics Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814
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41
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Winey JM, Gupta YM. UV−Visible Absorption Spectroscopy To Examine Shock-Induced Decomposition in Neat Nitromethane. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971833n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Winey
- Shock Dynamics Center and Department of Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814
| | - Y. M. Gupta
- Shock Dynamics Center and Department of Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814
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42
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Blais NC, Engelke R, Sheffield SA. Mass Spectroscopic Study of the Chemical Reaction Zone in Detonating Liquid Nitromethane. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971928p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Normand C. Blais
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS P952, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Ray Engelke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS P952, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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43
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Time resolved optical spectroscopy to examine chemical decomposition of energetic materials under static high pressure and pulsed heating conditions. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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PETER POLITZER JORGE M SEMINARIO AN. Density functional study of amine sensitization of nitromethane. Mol Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/002689796173318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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45
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Rice BM, Mattson W, Grosh J, Trevino SF. Molecular-dynamics study of detonation. II. The reaction mechanism. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1996; 53:623-635. [PMID: 9964293 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.53.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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46
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Constantinou CP, Pereira C, Chaudhri MM. Increased Concentration of the Nitromethyl Aci-Anion in nitromethane-amine mixtures. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.19950200408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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47
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Seminario JM, Concha MC, Politzer P. A density functional/molecular dynamics study of the structure of liquid nitromethane. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Courtecuisse S, Cansell F, Fabre D, Petitet J. Phase transitions and chemical transformations of nitromethane up to 350 °C and 35 GPa. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.469165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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49
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Gupta Y, Pangilinan G, Winey J, Constantinou C. Time-resolved molecular changes in a chemically reacting shocked energetic liquid. Chem Phys Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(94)01361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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50
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Jones WH. Viewpoint 10 — An application of quantum chemistry to the search for new materials: metastable polymers formed at high pressures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-1280(93)87011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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