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Taylor AF. Mechanism and Phenomenology of an Oscillating Chemical Reaction. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/007967402103165414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemical reactions, which are far from equilibrium, are capable of displaying oscillations in species concentrations and hence in colour, electrode potential, pH and/or temperature. The oscillations arise from the interplay between positive and negative kinetic feedback. Mechanisms for such reactions are presented, along with the rich phenomenology that these systems exhibit, from complex oscillations and chemical waves, to stationary concentration patterns. This review will focus on the Belousov-Zhabotinksy reaction but reference to other reactions will be made where appropriate.
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Bartocci E, Singh R, von Stein FB, Amedome A, Caceres AJJ, Castillo J, Closser E, Deards G, Goltsev A, Ines RS, Isbilir C, Marc JK, Moore D, Pardi D, Sadhu S, Sanchez S, Sharma P, Singh A, Rogers J, Wolinetz A, Grosso-Applewhite T, Zhao K, Filipski AB, Gilmour RF, Grosu R, Glimm J, Smolka SA, Cherry EM, Clarke EM, Griffeth N, Fenton FH. Teaching cardiac electrophysiology modeling to undergraduate students: laboratory exercises and GPU programming for the study of arrhythmias and spiral wave dynamics. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2011; 35:427-37. [PMID: 22139782 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00034.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
As part of a 3-wk intersession workshop funded by a National Science Foundation Expeditions in Computing award, 15 undergraduate students from the City University of New York(1) collaborated on a study aimed at characterizing the voltage dynamics and arrhythmogenic behavior of cardiac cells for a broad range of physiologically relevant conditions using an in silico model. The primary goal of the workshop was to cultivate student interest in computational modeling and analysis of complex systems by introducing them through lectures and laboratory activities to current research in cardiac modeling and by engaging them in a hands-on research experience. The success of the workshop lay in the exposure of the students to active researchers and experts in their fields, the use of hands-on activities to communicate important concepts, active engagement of the students in research, and explanations of the significance of results as the students generated them. The workshop content addressed how spiral waves of electrical activity are initiated in the heart and how different parameter values affect the dynamics of these reentrant waves. Spiral waves are clinically associated with tachycardia, when the waves remain stable, and with fibrillation, when the waves exhibit breakup. All in silico experiments were conducted by simulating a mathematical model of cardiac cells on graphics processing units instead of the standard central processing units of desktop computers. This approach decreased the run time for each simulation to almost real time, thereby allowing the students to quickly analyze and characterize the simulated arrhythmias. Results from these simulations, as well as some of the background and methodology taught during the workshop, is presented in this article along with the programming code and the explanations of simulation results in an effort to allow other teachers and students to perform their own demonstrations, simulations, and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezio Bartocci
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, New York, USA
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Taylor AF, Britton MM. Magnetic resonance imaging of chemical waves in porous media. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2006; 16:037103. [PMID: 17014237 DOI: 10.1063/1.2228129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a powerful tool for the investigation of chemical structures in optically opaque porous media, in which chemical concentration gradients can be visualized, and diffusion and flow properties are simultaneously determined. In this paper we give an overview of the MRI technique and review theory and experiments on the formation of chemical waves in a tubular packed bed reactor upon the addition of a nonlinear chemical reaction. MR images are presented of reaction-diffusion waves propagating in the three-dimensional (3D) network of channels in the reactor, and the 3D structure of stationary concentration patterns formed via the flow-distributed oscillation mechanism is demonstrated to reflect the local hydrodynamics in the packed bed. Possible future directions regarding the influence of heterogeneities on transport and reaction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette F Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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Binnemans K. Chapter 229 Applications of tetravalent cerium compounds. HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1273(06)36003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Yoshida R, Tanaka M, Onodera S, Yamaguchi T, Kokufuta E. In-Phase Synchronization of Chemical and Mechanical Oscillations in Self-Oscillating Gels. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0011600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yoshida
- Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan, and National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, 1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Masami Tanaka
- Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan, and National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, 1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Satoko Onodera
- Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan, and National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, 1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamaguchi
- Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan, and National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, 1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Etsuo Kokufuta
- Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan, and National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, 1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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Yoshida R, Onodera S, Yamaguchi T, Kokufuta E. Aspects of the Belousov−Zhabotinsky Reaction in Polymer Gels. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp992027e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yoshida
- Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Satoko Onodera
- Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamaguchi
- Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Etsuo Kokufuta
- Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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