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Łozińska N, Maldonado-Valderrama J, Del Castillo-Santaella T, Zhou Y, Martysiak-Żurowska D, Lu Y, Jungnickel C. Bile conjugation and its effect on in vitro lipolysis of emulsions. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114255. [PMID: 38609233 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Bile Salts (BS) are responsible for stimulating lipid digestion in our organism. Gut microbiota are responsible for the deconjugation process of primary conjugated to secondary unconjugated BS. We use two structurally distinct BS and characterize the rate of lipolysis as a compound parameter. A static in-vitro digestion model as well as meta-analysis of literature data has been performed to determine the most influential factors affecting the lipid digestion process. The results demonstrate that lipolysis of emulsions using conjugated BS (NaTC, FFA = 60.0 %, CMC in SIF = 5.58 mM, MSR of linoleic acid = 0.21, rate of adsorption = -0.057 mN/m.s) enhances the release of FFA compared to deconjugated BS (NaDC, FFA = 49.5 %, CMC in SIF = 2.49 mM, MSR of linoleic acid = 0.16 rate of adsorption = -0.064 mN/m.s). These results indicate that conjugation plays an important role in controlling the rate of lipolysis in our organism which can be in turn, tuned by the microflora composition of our gut, ultimately controlling the rate of deconjugation of the BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Łozińska
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Julia Maldonado-Valderrama
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Teresa Del Castillo-Santaella
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja sn, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Yanija Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Dorota Martysiak-Żurowska
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology of Food, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Yuanqi Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, 566 Daxue W Rd, Shandong Sheng 253034, China.
| | - Christian Jungnickel
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
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2
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Parekh PY, Patel VI, Khimani MR, Bahadur P. Self-assembly of bile salts and their mixed aggregates as building blocks for smart aggregates. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 312:102846. [PMID: 36736167 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The present communication offers a comprehensive overview of the self-assembly of bile salts emphasizing their mixed smart aggregates with a variety of amphiphiles. Using an updated literature survey, we have explored the dissimilar interactions of bile salts with different types of surfactants, phospholipids, ionic liquids, drugs, and a variety of natural and synthetic polymers. While assembling this review, special attention was also provided to the potency of bile salts to alter the size/shape of aggregates formed by several amphiphiles to use these aggregates for solubility improvement of medicinally important compounds, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and also to develop their smart delivery vehicles. A fundamental understanding of bile salt mixed aggregates will enable the development of new strategies for improving the bioavailability of drugs solubilized in newly developed potential hosts and to formulate smart aggregates of desired morphology for specific targeted applications. It enriches our existing knowledge of the distinct interactions exerted in mixed systems of bile salts with variety of amphiphiles. By virtue of this, researchers can get innovative ideas to construct novel nanoaggregates from bile salts by incorporating various amphiphiles that serve as a building block for smart aggregates for their numerous industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Y Parekh
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijay I Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Navyug Science College, Rander Road, Surat 395009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Mehul R Khimani
- Countryside International School, Nr. Bhesan Railway Crossing, CIS Barbodhan Road, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
| | - Pratap Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat 395007, Gujarat, India
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3
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Singh K, Chauhan S. Temperature dependent micellar behaviour of sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate in the presence of ceftriaxone sodium: A physicochemical study. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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The mechanism of solifenacin release from a pH-responsive ion-complex oral suspension in the fasted upper gastrointestinal lumen. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 142:105107. [PMID: 31669386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of solifenacin release from a pH-responsive ion-complex oral resinate suspension under conditions simulating the environment in the upper gastrointestinal lumen. A secondary objective was to propose an appropriate in vitro methodology for evaluating the quality of orally administered solifenacin suspensions. The mechanism of solifenacin release from polacrilin potassium resin (Amberlite® IRP88) was investigated using biorelevant media and compendial setups (USP Apparatus 2 and USP Apparatus 4) and using newer, recently validated in vitro methodologies [biorelevant gastrointestinal transfer (BioGIT) system]. We evaluated the impact of particle size and concentration of the resin; thickener concentration (carbomer homopolymer, type B); and the impact of pH, cationic strength, agitation intensity and level of simulation of contents in the upper gastrointestinal lumen. Data suggested that solifenacin release from the resinate was determined by the resin particle size, the medium pH, cationic strength (when the conditions in the upper small intestine are simulated) and the level of simulation of contents in the upper small intestine. The interaction of solifenacin with taurocholic acid/lecithin aggregates was significant, but unlikely to affect the degree of solifenacin absorption, as a BCS Class I compound. Under acidic conditions, solifenacin was dissociated and released from the pH-responsive resin rapidly. Under conditions simulating the contents of the upper small intestine, solifenacin was replaced by cations from the testing media and diffused through the resin matrix. All three in vitro systems with or without a pH gradient are useful in distinguishing solifenacin release characteristics from resinate suspensions with different particle sizes. Because of this drug release mechanism, USP Apparatus 2 with fixed pH media demonstrated equivalent or slightly higher discriminative sensitivity than the other setups and appears to be appropriate for product quality control.
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5
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Moriyama Y, Takeda K. Removal of Dodecyl Sulfate Ions Bound to Human and Bovine Serum Albumins Using Sodium Cholate. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:65-72. [PMID: 31902896 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The secondary structures of human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were disrupted in the solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), while being hardly damaged in the solution of the bile salt, sodium cholate (NaCho). In the present work, the removal of dodecyl sulfate (DS) ions bound to these proteins was attempted by adding various amounts of NaCho. The extent of removal was estimated by the restoration of α-helical structure of each protein disrupted by SDS. Increases and decreases in α-helical structure were examined using the mean residue ellipticity at 222 nm, [θ]222, which was frequently used as a measure of α-helical structure content. The magnitudes of [θ]222 of HSA and BSA, weakened by SDS, were restrengthened upon the addition of NaCho. This indicated that the α-helical structures of HSA and BSA that were disrupted by the binding of DS ions were nearly reformed by the addition of NaCho. The NaCho concentration at which the maximum restoration of [θ]222 of each protein was attained increased nearly linearly with SDS concentration. These results indicated that most of the bound DS ions were removed from the proteins but the removal was incomplete. The removal of DS ions, examined by means of the equilibrium dialysis, was also incomplete. The α-helical structure restoration and the DS ion removal by NaCho were considered to be due to the ability of cholate anions to strip the surfactant ions bound to HSA and BSA. These stripped DS ions appeared to be more likely to form SDS-NaCho mixed micelles in bulk rather than SDS-NaCho mixed aggregates on the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Moriyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science
| | - Kunio Takeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science
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6
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Pigliacelli C, Belton P, Wilde P, Qi S. Probing the molecular interactions between pharmaceutical polymeric carriers and bile salts in simulated gastrointestinal fluids using NMR spectroscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 551:147-154. [PMID: 31075629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The number of poorly soluble new drugs is increasing and one of the effective ways to deliver such pharmaceutically active molecules is using hydrophilic polymers to form a solid dispersion. Bile salts play an important role in the solubilisation of poorly soluble compounds in the gastrointestinal tract (gut) prior to absorption. When a poorly water-soluble drug is delivered using a hydrophilic polymer based solid dispersion oral formulation, it is still unclear whether there are any polymer-bile salt interactions, which may influence the drug dissolution and solubilisation. This study, using two widely used hydrophilic model polymers, Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvynilpirrolidone (PVP), and sodium taurocholate (NaTC) as the model bile salt, aims to investigate the interactions between the polymers and bile salts in simulated fed state (FeSSIF) and fasted state (FaSSIF) gut fluids. The nature of the interactions was characterised using a range of NMR techniques. The results revealed that the aggregation behaviour of NaTC in FaSSIF and FeSSIF is much more complex than in water. The addition of hydrophilic polymers led to the occurrences of NaTC-HPMC and NaTC-PVP aggregation. For both systems, pH and ionic strength strongly influenced the aggregation behavior, while the ion type played a less significant role. The outcome of this study enriched the understanding of the aggregation behaviour of bile salts and typical hydrophilic pharmaceutical polymers in bio-relevant media. Due to the high surface-activity of the bile salts and their ability to interact with polymers, such aggregation behaviour is expected to play a role in drug solubilisation in the gut when the drug is delivered by hydrophilic polymer based dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Belton
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Peter Wilde
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Sheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
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7
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Jang JD, Jeon SW, Yoon YJ, Bang J, Han YS, Kim TH. Self-assembly of gold nanoparticles in a block copolymer aggregate template driven by hydrophobic interactions. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01266d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report various self-assembled structures of gold nanoparticles in a block copolymer aggregate template, which are easily driven by hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Dae Jang
- Neutron Science Division
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
| | - Sang-Woo Jeon
- Department of Applied Plasma & Quantum Beam Engineering
- Jeonbuk National University
- Jeonju
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Yoon
- Department of Quantum System Engineering
- Jeonbuk National University
- Jeonju
- Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Han
- Neutron Science Division
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Applied Plasma & Quantum Beam Engineering
- Jeonbuk National University
- Jeonju
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Quantum System Engineering
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8
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Swain J, Mishra J, Ghosh G, Mishra AK. Quantification of micropolarity and microviscosity of aggregation and salt-induced gelation of sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) using Nile red fluorescence. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2773-2781. [DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00293f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nile red fluorescence properties can be used for the estimation of micropolarity and microviscosity of the gel medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendriya Swain
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Jhili Mishra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Ashok Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
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9
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Euston SR. Molecular simulation of biosurfactants with relevance to food systems. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Maity M, Maitra U. Metallogels of indium(iii) with bile salts: soft materials for nanostructured In2S3 synthesis. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:9266-9271. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02177a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metallo-hydrogels were formed from sodium cholate and deoxycholate in the presence of indium(iii). This soft hydrogel was used for nanostructured In2S3 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitasree Maity
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore
- India
| | - Uday Maitra
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore
- India
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11
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Mukherjee K, Barman A, Biswas R. Impact of the aggregation behaviour of sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate on aqueous solution structure and dynamics: A combined time resolved fluorescence and dielectric relaxation spectroscopic study. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Vila Verde A, Frenkel D. Kinetics of formation of bile salt micelles from coarse-grained Langevin dynamics simulations. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:5172-5179. [PMID: 27199094 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00763e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We examine the mechanism of formation of micelles of dihydroxy bile salts using a coarse-grained, implicit solvent model and Langevin dynamics simulations. We find that bile salt micelles primarily form via addition and removal of monomers, similarly to surfactants with typical head-tail molecular structures, and not via a two-stage mechanism - involving formation of oligomers and their subsequent aggregation to form larger micelles - originally proposed for bile salts. The free energy barrier to removal of single bile monomers from micelles is ≈2kBT, much less than what has been observed for head-tail surfactants. Such a low barrier may be biologically relevant: it allows for rapid release of bile monomers into the intestine, possibly enabling the coverage of fat droplets by bile salt monomers and subsequent release of micelles containing fats and bile salts - a mechanism that is not possible for ionic head-tail surfactants of similar critical micellar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vila Verde
- Theory and Bio-Systems Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
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13
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Solubilization and Interaction Studies of Bile Salts with Surfactants and Drugs: a Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:179-201. [PMID: 26781714 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-1987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review, bile salt, bile salt-surfactant, and bile salt-drug interactions and their solubilization studies are mainly focused. Usefulness of bile salts in digestion, absorption, and excretion of various compounds and their rare properties in ordering the shape and size of the micelles owing to the presence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic faces are taken into consideration while compiling this review. Bile salts as potential bio-surfactants to solubilize drugs of interest are also highlighted. This review will give an insight into the selection of drugs in different applications as their properties get modified by interaction with bile salts, thus influencing their solution behavior which, in turn, modifies the phase-forming behavior, microemulsion, and clouding phenomenon, besides solubilization. Finally, their future perspectives are taken into consideration to assess their possible uses as bio-surfactants without side effects to human beings.
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14
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Improving reactivity and selectivity of aqueous-based Heck reactions by the local hydrophobicity of phosphine ligands. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Modolon SDM, Felippe AC, Fizon TE, da Silva L, da Silva Paula MM, Dal-Bó AG. Self-association of sodium deoxycholate with EHEC cellulose cooperatively induced by sodium dodecanoate. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:425-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Ravichandran G, Gopinath D. Ultrasonic relaxation studies on micelle formation in aqueous solutions of some bile salts. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Liu CL, Kankala RK, Yang JW, Hsu YC, Lee CH, Hu YF. Aggregate formation in tauroursodeoxycholate solutions. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University
| | - Guanchen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University
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19
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Bogdanova LR, Gnezdilov OI, Idiyatullin BZ, Kurbanov RK, Zuev YF, Us’yarov OG. Micellization in sodium deoxycholate solutions. COLLOID JOURNAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Eising R, Felippe AC, Domingos JB. Physicochemical Investigation of the Association of the Biosurfactants Sodium Cholate and Sodium Dodecanoate With Poly(ethyleneoxide). J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2010.530094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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21
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Posa M, Guzsvány V, Mikov M, Canadi J. Effect of sodium salts of 3α,12α-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanoic and 3,7,12-trioxo-5β-cholanoic acids on verapamil hydrochloride in biophysical-chemical model experiments. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2011. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc090619023p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is known that certain bile acids have a promotive effect on the action of
some drugs. Special attention is paid to bile acids having oxo groups instead
of OH groups in the steroid skeleton of their molecule, since these
derivatives have a lower hemolytic potential (membrane toxicity). This study
examined the effects of sodium salts of 3?,12?-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5?-cholanoic
acid (7-oC) and 3,7,12-trioxo-5?- cholanoic acid (3,7,12-toC) on the
adsorption of verapamil hydrochloride on activated carbon (model of the cell
membrane). The interaction was followed by measuring the effect of verapamil
on the functional dependence between the spin-lattice relaxation time T1
(protons of the C18 angular group of the bile acid molecule) and the bile
acid concentration in deuterated chloroform (model of the cell membrane lipid
phase). Whether a depot effect of verapamil exists when 7-oC and 3,7,12-toC
(in the form of methyl esters) are present in chloroform was also
investigated. It was found that 7-oC exhibited a significant effect in the
experiments with verapamil, whereas 3,7,12-toC showed no difference of the
measured parameters with respect to the control. This indicates that bile
acid molecules should have OH groups bound to the steroid nucleus, in order
to exhibit an effect on the monitored physico-chemical parameters of
verapamil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihalj Posa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Novi Sad
| | | | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Novi Sad
| | - Janos Canadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Novi Sad
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22
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Wang Z, Wu T, Zhou W, Wei X, Zhao J. Surface Properties and Micellar Molecular Interaction in Binary Systems of a Biosurfactant Sodium Deoxycholate (NaDC) with Conventional Surfactants. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-010-1242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Sesta B, La Mesa C, Bonincontro A, Cametti C, Di Biasio A. Molecular Aggregation of Sodium Deoxycholate in Water and Water-Urea Mixtures; a Multistep Process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19810850812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Turner DC, Yin F, Kindt JT, Zhang H. Molecular dynamics simulations of glycocholate-oleic acid mixed micelle assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:4687-4692. [PMID: 20112949 DOI: 10.1021/la903573m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have applied a molecular dynamics (MD) method to investigate the aggregation behavior and physicochemical properties of bile salt as well as bile salt/fatty acid mixed micelles. Local atomic density profiles from the center of the micelles confirm that the self-assembly of the trihydroxy bile salt, glycocholate, is largely driven by hydrophobic aggregation of the nonpolar beta-faces of the steroid backbones. Additional association occurs between neighboring monomers through hydrogen-bonding interactions. The average micellar aggregation number for glycocholate at 37 degrees C with a background salt concentration of 150 mM is shown to be 8.5 molecules per micelle, while the critical micelle concentration (cmc) is 3.1 mM. The good agreement of these results with experimental values illustrates that a MD approach is useful to study mixed micelles of bile salts and fatty acids, critical to the understanding of oral lipid-based formulations. The aggregation behavior and colloidal structure of such micelles are simulated and presented in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Turner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA
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Zhang X, Zou J, Tamhane K, Kobzeff FF, Fang J. Self-assembly of pH-switchable spiral tubes: supramolecular chemical springs. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:217-220. [PMID: 19859941 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200901067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Zhang
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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28
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Luo J, Giguère G, Zhu XX. Asymmetric Poly(ethylene glycol) Star Polymers with a Cholic Acid Core and Their Aggregation Properties. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:900-6. [DOI: 10.1021/bm801423p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Luo
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Guillaume Giguère
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - X. X. Zhu
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
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Aggregation behavior of sodium deoxycholate and its interaction with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in aqueous solution studied by NMR spectroscopy. Colloid Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-008-1938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Pártay LB, Sega M, Jedlovszky P. Counterion binding in the aqueous solutions of bile acid salts, as studied by computer simulation methods. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:10729-10736. [PMID: 18767819 DOI: 10.1021/la801352d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the structural and dynamical properties of counterion binding in sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate micelles at three different concentration, namely, 30, 90, and 300 mM, by means of molecular dynamics simulations at the atomistic level. The obtained results can resolve a long-standing, apparent contradiction between different experiments that reported discordant values for the degree of counterion binding. Namely, our results suggest that certain experimental techniques, such as freezing point depression, are only sensitive to the contact counterions, and hence, the degree of contact binding of the counterions is measured. On the other hand, in experiments employing, e.g., electrode potential or nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, the solvent-separated counterions also contribute to the signal detected, and hence, the counterions that are measured as bound ones do include the solvent-separated counterions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia B Pártay
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosize Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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31
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Oh SW, Na JS, Ko JS, Nagadome S, Sugihara G. Blending effects on adsorption and micellization of different membrane protein solubilizers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 62:112-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Chen Y, Luo J, Zhu XX. Fluorescence study of inclusion complexes between star-shaped cholic acid derivatives and polycyclic aromatic fluorescent probes and the size effects of host and guest molecules. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:3402-9. [PMID: 18293965 DOI: 10.1021/jp711447r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Star-shaped host molecules containing two, three, and four cholic acid moieties have been used to form inclusion complexes with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon probes (guests) varying in size from four (pyrene) to five (benzo(e)pyrene) and seven aromatic rings (coronene) and investigated by steady-state fluorescence measurements and fluorescence lifetime techniques. The results indicated that these hydrophobic guest probes prefer to locate in the hydrophobic cavities formed by the host molecules in an aqueous solution. Further studies showed that the stoichiometric ratios of the complexes depended on the relative size of both the host and the guest. The complexes of 1:1 ratio (guest:host) were formed between pyrene and the host molecules of different sizes, while the complexes of 1:2 ratio (guest:host) were found for coronene in all cases. For benzo(e)pyrene with an intermediate size, the complexes with 1:1 and 1:2 ratios (guest:host) were formed depending on the relative sizes of the host molecules. The stability of the inclusion complexes was observed to change with the solvent polarity, indicative of an adaptation of the hydrophobicity of the host pockets to the polarity of the solvent. The formation of the complexes was driven by the solvophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Chen
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
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33
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Micellization Behavior of Mixtures of Sodium Dioctylsulfosuccinate with Sodium Dodecylsulfate in Water. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-007-1058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Lee YC, Liu HS, Lin SY, Huang HF, Wang YY, Chou LW. An observation of the coexistence of multimers and micelles in a nonionic surfactant C10E4 solution by dynamic light scattering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcice.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Pártay LB, Sega M, Jedlovszky P. Morphology of bile salt micelles as studied by computer simulation methods. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:12322-8. [PMID: 17944496 DOI: 10.1021/la701749u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The relative arrangement of the neighboring bile ions and the shape of the hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonded primary micelles as well of the large secondary micelles formed by these ions are analyzed in detail on the basis of molecular dynamics computer simulations of 30 and 300 mM sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate solutions. In the lower concentration considered, the systems only contain primary micelles, whereas in both of the 300 mM systems secondary micelles are also present. The simulations performed were long enough that the systems reached thermodynamic equilibrium. It is found that the neighboring cholate ions prefer alignments in which their quasi-planar tetracyclic ring systems are parallel with each other, whereas for deoxycholate an opening of the angle between these planes is observed. The shape of the micelles is characterized by the ratio of their three principal moments of inertia. The primary deoxycholate micelles are found to be rather spherical, whereas in the case of cholate somewhat flattened, disklike or oblate shaped ellipsoidal primary micelles are found, irrespective of whether these micelles are kept together by hydrogen bonds or are of hydrophobic origin. Finally, the secondary micelles are found to exhibit a large variety of shapes, ranging from flattened oblates to rodlike objects through various different irregular shapes, characterized by markedly different values of the three principal moments of inertia. The observed preferences of the relative arrangement of the neighboring ions and of the aggregate shapes as well as the differences observed in the behavior of the two bile ions studied in these respects are traced back to the molecular structure of these ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia B Pártay
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosize Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/a, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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36
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Calabresi M, Andreozzi P, La Mesa C. Supra-molecular association and polymorphic behaviour in systems containing bile acid salts. Molecules 2007; 12:1731-54. [PMID: 17960084 DOI: 10.3390/12081731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide number of supra-molecular association modes are observed in mixtures containing water and bile salts, BS, (with, eventually, other components). Molecular or micellar solutions transform into hydrated solids, fibres, lyotropic liquid crystals and/or gels by raising the concentration, the temperature, adding electrolytes, surfactants, lipids and proteins. Amorphous or ordered phases may be formed accordingly. The forces responsible for this very rich polymorphism presumably arise from the unusual combination of electrostatic, hydrophobic and hydrogen-bond contributions to the system stability, with subsequent control of the supra-molecular organisation modes. The stabilising effect due to hydrogen bonds does not occur in almost all surfactants or lipids and is peculiar to bile acids and salts. Some supra-molecular organisation modes, supposed to be related to malfunctions and dis-metabolic diseases in vivo, are briefly reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calabresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica and SOFT-INFM-CNR Research Centre, Università La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, Roma, I-00185, Italy
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37
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Pártay LB, Jedlovszky P, Sega M. Molecular Aggregates in Aqueous Solutions of Bile Acid Salts. Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:9886-96. [PMID: 17661512 DOI: 10.1021/jp072974k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation behavior of two bile acid salts (i.e., sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate) has been studied in their aqueous solutions of three different concentrations (i.e., 30, 90,and 300 mM) by means of molecular dynamics computer simulations. To let the systems reach thermodynamic equilibrium, rather long simulations have been performed: the equilibration period, lasting for 20-50 ns, has been followed by a 20 ns long production phase, during which the average size of the bile aggregates (regarded to be the slowest varying observable) has already fluctuated around a constant value. The production phase of the runs has been about an order of magnitude longer than the average lifetime of both the monomeric bile ions and the bonds that link two neighboring bile ions together to be part of the same aggregate. This has allowed the bile ions belonging to various aggregates to be in a dynamic equilibrium with the isolated monomers. The observed aggregation behavior of the studied bile ions has been found to be in good qualitative agreement with experimental findings. The analysis of the results has revealed that, due to their molecular structure, which is markedly different from that of the ordinary aliphatic surfactants, the bile ions form rather different aggregates than the usual spherical micelles. In the lowest concentration solution studied, the bile ions only form small oligomers. In the case of deoxycholate, these oligomers, such as the ordinary micelles, are kept together by hydrophobic interactions, whereas in the sodium cholate system, small hydrogen-bonded aggregates (mostly dimers) are also present. In the highest concentration systems, the bile ions form large secondary micelles, which are kept together both by hydrophobic interactions and by hydrogen bonds. Namely, in these secondary micelles, small hydrophobic primary micelles are linked together via the formation of hydrogen bonds between their hydrophilic outer surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia B Pártay
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosize Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös LorAnd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/a, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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38
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Reis S, Moutinho CG, Pereira E, de Castro B, Gameiro P, Lima JLFC. Beta-blockers and benzodiazepines location in SDS and bile salt micellar systems. An ESR study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 45:62-69. [PMID: 17606356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The work here described aimed to find out the location of the different species of two families of pharmaceutical substances, namely two beta-blockers (atenolol and nadolol) and two benzodiazepines (midazolam and nitrazepam) in synthetic (sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS) and natural (bile salts-sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate) micellar aggregate solutions. Electronic spin resonance spectroscopy studies were carried out, at 25 degrees C and at an ionic strength of 0.10 M in NaCl, using 5-, 12- and 16-doxylstearic acid probes (AS). The immobilization degree of solubilized stearic acid spin probes was found to vary with the position of the nitroxide group in the sequence 5-doxylstearic acid>12-doxylstearic acid>16-doxylstearic acid for SDS and 12-doxylstearic acid>5-doxylstearic acid>16-doxylstearic acid for both bile salts investigated. Therefore, from the rotational correlational time values obtained, it can be inferred that the structure of bile salt micelles is markedly different from that of SDS micelles and the results suggest that the bile salt micelles studied have similar structure independently of differences in the molecular structure of the respective bile salts. Drug location studies were performed at pH 4.0 (SDS solutions) or 7.0 (bile salt solutions) and 10.8 in order to study the effect of the drug ionisation on its relative position on micelles. The results have shown that drug location is controlled by the (i) drug hydrophilicity and acid/base properties, with the more soluble compound in water (atenolol) exhibiting smaller variation of rotational correlational time (in SDS and bile salts solutions), and with both beta-blockers exhibiting smaller deviations in the protonated forms and (ii) the bile salt monomers, with the dihydroxylic bile salt (deoxycholate) producing larger differences. The work described herein allow us to conclude that the (protonated) beta-blockers are probably located on the surface of the detergent micelles, and linked to them by means of essentially electrostatic forces, while the (neutral) benzodiazepines are probably located deeper in the interior of the micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salette Reis
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal.
| | | | - Eulália Pereira
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Baltazar de Castro
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gameiro
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - José L F C Lima
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal
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Self-association of sodium cholate with poly(ethylene oxide) cooperatively induced by sodium dodecyl sulfate. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Lukulay PH, McGuffin VL. Experimental and Computer Simulation Studies of Solute-Solute Interactions in Liquid Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079608017140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H. Lukulay
- a Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University East Lansing , Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Victoria L. McGuffin
- a Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University East Lansing , Michigan, 48824, USA
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41
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Temperature-induced chirality reversal of induced circular dichroism of premicellar aggregates of acridine orange derivatives and dodecanoyl-l-threonine in aqueous solution. Colloid Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-006-1491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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42
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Schweitzer B, Felippe AC, Dal Bó A, Minatti E, Zanette D, Lopes A. Sodium dodecyl sulfate promoting a cooperative association process of sodium cholate with bovine serum albumin. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 298:457-66. [PMID: 16457837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Revised: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 12/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sodium cholate (NaC) was used as a representative bile salt in the process of cooperative binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA) in a mixture with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The experiments were performed in 0.02 M Tris-HCl buffer solution (pH 7.50), in the presence of 0.1% BSA and at 25 degrees C. The aim of this study is to provide information on the performance of the BSA in the promotion of cooperative binding of sodium cholate promoted by the presence of SDS. The method used to monitor the binding was based on the analysis of the effect of SDS and NaC concentrations and their mixtures upon the fluorescence intensity of the BSA tryptophan residues. Plots of the fluorescence emission bands in terms of the A0/A ratio vs surfactant concentrations, where A0 and A represent the areas of emission bands in the presence and absence of the surfactants, respectively, were drawn in order to investigate the surfactant interaction with the protein. An alternative methodology, the specific conductivity vs surfactant concentration plots, was used, which involves mixtures of SDS and NaC to investigate the association processes, through the determination of the critical aggregation concentration (cac, when in the presence of protein) and the critical micellar concentration (cmc). The results led to a general conclusion that as the mixed micellar aggregates become richer in the bile salt monomer, the tendency to lose the reactivity with the protein increases. According to our results, a clear evidence of the predomination of BSA-SDS-NaC complexes is found only for the SDS molar fraction above approximately 0.6, and below this fraction a tendency toward free mixed micelles starts to predominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Schweitzer
- Departamento de Química da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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43
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Zanette D, Felippe AC, Schweitzer B, Dal Bó A, Lopes A. The absence of cooperative binding in mixtures of sodium cholate and poly(ethylene oxide) as indicated by surface tension, steady-state fluorescence and electrical conductivity measurements. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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44
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Waissbluth OL, Morales MC, Bohne C. Influence of Planarity and Size on Guest Binding with Sodium Cholate Aggregates. Photochem Photobiol 2006; 82:1030-8. [PMID: 16555923 DOI: 10.1562/2006-02-14-ra-803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bile salt aggregates are supramolecular structures with two types of binding sites, called primary and secondary sites. The objective of this work was to explore how the nonplanarity and size of guests (biphenyl [BP], 1-1'-binaphthyl [BNP] and dibenz[b,f]oxepin [DBX]) affected their binding affinity and dynamics to sodium cholate (NaC) aggregates. Fluorescence and laser-flash photolysis experiments were performed to obtain information on the binding environment for the guests, the accessibility of quenchers to guests in the aggregate and the dissociation rate constants of the guests from the aggregates. All guests were bound to the more hydrophobic primary aggregate, showing that this site can accommodate nonplanar molecules. However, the structure of the guest affects the structure of the primary aggregates, leading to changes in the accessibility of anions to aggregate-bound guests and to changes for the guest dissociation rate constants from the aggregates.
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45
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Bottari E, Festa MR. Composition of aqueous solutions containing sodium glycocholate and glycodeoxycholate. ANNALI DI CHIMICA 2005; 95:791-802. [PMID: 16398343 DOI: 10.1002/adic.200590092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Composition and existence range of aggregates formed by sodium glycocholate and glycodeoxycholate contemporary present in aqueous micellar and premicellar solutions were investigated. Solubility measurements of lead (II) glycocholate and glycodeoxycholate give analytical concentration of lead (II) and glycocholate and glycodeoxycholate, respectively. Electromotive force measurements provide the free concentration of hydrogen, sodium and lead (II) ions. Experimental data obtained at 25 degrees C and at three different concentrations of N(CH3)4Cl, used as a constant ionic medium, can be explained by assuming the presence of aggregates of different composition depending on the reagent and ionic medium concentrations. Next to two species containing only glycocholate or glycodeoxycholate, the presence of aggregates formed with the contemporary participation of both bile anions in different ratios was assumed. Species with the hydrogen ion participation are not present in appreciable quantity in the investigated concentration range. As expected, the size of aggregates increases by increasing reagent and ionic medium concentration. Most of the species can be explained with a "core + link" mechanism, where all the glycocholate aggregation numbers are even, while those of glycodeoxycholate are always multiple of three. Analogy and difference with aggregates formed by the two bile anions separately are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Bottari
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università La Sapienza P.le A. Moro 5, Box n. 34, Roma 62, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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Bottari E, Buonfigli A, Festa MR. Composition of sodium cholate micellar solutions. ANNALI DI CHIMICA 2005; 95:479-90. [PMID: 16235782 DOI: 10.1002/adic.200590058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To study the composition of sodium cholate solutions, an investigation was carried out at 25 degrees C and in N(CH3)4Cl, as a constant ionic medium, at three different concentrations (W = 0.100; 0.500 and 0.800 mol dm(-3)). Electromotive force measurements of three different galvanic cells, the first involving a glass electrode for hydrogen ions, the second an electrode for sodium ions and the third a lead amalgam electrode, were performed. Independently, lead (II) cholate solubility measurements in the presence of sodium ions were performed, as well. The experimental results obtained from both approaches were explained by assuming the formation of aggregates in cholate and sodium of different composition depending on W and on the cholate concentration. The maximum aggregation found number for cholate was 24 and even aggregation numbers were markedly predominant. Only two species with odd aggregation number were found, but at a low percentage. The assumed species and the relative constants were compared with those found for the other sodium salt of cholanic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Bottari
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, Box n. 34, Roma 62, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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47
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Rinco O, Nolet MC, Ovans R, Bohne C. Probing the binding dynamics to sodium cholate aggregates using naphthalene derivatives as guests. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2005; 2:1140-51. [PMID: 14690227 DOI: 10.1039/b308335g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The binding dynamics with bile salt aggregates for a series of naphthalene derivatives of different polarities was studied using fluorescence and laser flash photolysis. Fluorescence was employed to determine the nature of the binding site for each guest and the accessibility of the bound guest to quenchers. Laser flash photolysis was employed to study the mobility of the triplet states of the naphthalenes between the sodium cholate aggregates and the aqueous phase. Primary aggregates, which provide an environment protected from quenchers in the aqueous phase, bind 1- and 2-ethylnaphthalene as guests. The complexation dynamics with this type of aggregate is slow. 1- and 2-Naphthyl-1-ethanol, and 1- and 2-acetonaphthone bind to the secondary aggregates, which provide moderate protection from quenching and faster binding dynamics. The addition of salts lowered the cholate concentration at which primary aggregates were formed, but did not influence the formation of secondary aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rinco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 3065, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3V6
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48
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Ravichandran G, Rajarajan G, Nambinarayanan T. Acoustical relaxation studies in aqueous solutions of sodium taurocholate. J Mol Liq 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7322(02)00067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Small-angle neutron scattering study of sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate interacting micelles in aqueous medium. J CHEM SCI 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02708552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Determination of association constants for weak solute–solute complexes by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)01180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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