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Li Y, Chen D, Xu X, Wang X, Kang R, Fu M, Guo Y, Chen P, Li Y, Ye D. Cold-Start NO x Mitigation by Passive Adsorption Using Pd-Exchanged Zeolites: From Material Design to Mechanism Understanding and System Integration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3467-3485. [PMID: 36802541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
It remains a major challenge to abate efficiently the harmful nitrogen oxides (NOx) in low-temperature diesel exhausts emitted during the cold-start period of engine operation. Passive NOx adsorbers (PNA), which could temporarily capture NOx at low temperatures (below 200 °C) and release the stored NOx at higher temperatures (normally 250-450 °C) to downstream selective catalytic reduction unit for complete abatement, hold promise to mitigate cold-start NOx emissions. In this review, recent advances in material design, mechanism understanding, and system integration are summarized for PNA based on palladium-exchanged zeolites. First, we discuss the choices of parent zeolite, Pd precursor, and synthetic method for the synthesis of Pd-zeolites with atomic Pd dispersions, and review the effect of hydrothermal aging on the properties and PNA performance of Pd-zeolites. Then, we show how different experimental and theoretical methodologies can be integrated to gain mechanistic insights into the nature of Pd active sites, the NOx storage/release chemistry, as well as the interactions between Pd and typical components/poisons in engine exhausts. This review also gathers several novel designs of PNA integration into modern exhaust after-treatment systems for practical application. At the end, we discuss the major challenges, as well as important implications, for the further development and real application of Pd-zeolite-based PNA in cold-start NOx mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Running Kang
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mingli Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079 Wuhan, China
| | - Peirong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongdan Li
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Daiqi Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
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Zhu Y, Wang J, Zhai Y, Shen G, Wang J, Wang C, Shen M. The upgrading role of Al at T1/T2 sites in stabilizing Pd ions over Pd-beta passive NO x adsorbers under a reducing atmosphere. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preserved Pd ions as γ and β sites related with Al at T1–T2 sites corresponded to the stabilized NOx storage capability and rendered a suitable desorption temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of State Education Ministry, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of State Education Ministry, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- National Rare Earth Catalysis Research Institute, Dongying 257000, PR China
| | - Yanping Zhai
- National Rare Earth Catalysis Research Institute, Dongying 257000, PR China
| | - Gurong Shen
- Institute of New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of State Education Ministry, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of State Education Ministry, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- National Rare Earth Catalysis Research Institute, Dongying 257000, PR China
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Meiqing Shen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of State Education Ministry, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- National Rare Earth Catalysis Research Institute, Dongying 257000, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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Jing Y, Wang G, Ting KW, Maeno Z, Oshima K, Satokawa S, Nagaoka S, Shimizu KI, Toyao T. Roles of the basic metals La, Ba, and Sr as additives in Al2O3-supported Pd-based three-way catalysts. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Yasumura S, Ide H, Ueda T, Jing Y, Liu C, Kon K, Toyao T, Maeno Z, Shimizu KI. Transformation of Bulk Pd to Pd Cations in Small-Pore CHA Zeolites Facilitated by NO. JACS AU 2021; 1:201-211. [PMID: 34467284 PMCID: PMC8395613 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Atomic dispersion of metal species has attracted attention as a unique phenomenon that affects adsorption properties and catalytic activities and that can be used to design so-called single atom materials. In this work, we describe atomic dispersion of bulk Pd into small pores of CHA zeolites. Under 4% NO flow at 600 °C, bulk Pd metal on the outside of CHA zeolites effectively disperses, affording Pd2+ cations on Al sites with concomitant formation of N2O, as revealed by microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations combined with mass spectroscopy. In the present method, even commercially available submicrosized Pd black can be used as a Pd source, and importantly, 4.1 wt % of atomic Pd2+ cations, which is the highest loading amount reported so far, can be introduced into CHA zeolites. The structural evolution of bulk Pd metal is also investigated by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), as well as ab initio thermodynamic analysis using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsaku Yasumura
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hajime Ide
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Taihei Ueda
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuan Jing
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Chong Liu
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kon
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyao
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Zen Maeno
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Shimizu
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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Van der Mynsbrugge J, Head-Gordon M, Bell AT. Computational Modeling Predicts the Stability of Both Pd + and Pd 2+ Ion-Exchanged into H-CHA. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2021; 9:2161-2174. [PMID: 33686355 PMCID: PMC7936627 DOI: 10.1039/d0ta11254b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Passive NOx adsorbers (PNA) using Pd/zeolites have emerged as a promising solution for the reduction of cold-start emissions from vehicle exhaust. However, the nature of the active sites and the mechanisms underlying NOx adsorption in Pd/zeolites remain a subject of ongoing investigation. In this study, we employ quantum chemical simulations to investigate the structure of Pd species in cation-exchange sites at isolated Al and Al pairs in the 6-ring and 8-ring of the CHA framework, before the introduction of NOx. Our calculations show that the speciation of Pd in these exchange sites strongly depends on the precise Al arrangement within the framework, as well as the operating conditions. Ionically dispersed Pd is found to be the most favorable species over a wide range of oxidizing and reducing conditions. Small oligomers of PdO and metallic Pd do not appear to be competitive at either isolated Al or Al pairs. Notably, our calculations show that ion exchange sites other than next-next-nearest neighbor Al pairs in the 6-ring will be preferentially occupied by Pd+ instead of Pd2+. The stability of Pd+ in the zeolite environment is an interesting contrast with its rareness in molecular Pd compounds. Nonetheless, a detailed analysis of the electronic structure shows that predicted Pd oxidation states are consistent with chemical intuition for all complexes investigated in this study. We also discuss the potential ambiguity in Pd characterization provided by typical experimental techniques such as XANES, EXAFS and UV-VIS, and highlight the need for additional EPR spectroscopy studies to further elucidate the initial Pd speciation in zeolites for PNA applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Van der Mynsbrugge
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alexis T. Bell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Mandal K, Gu Y, Westendorff KS, Li S, Pihl JA, Grabow LC, Epling WS, Paolucci C. Condition-Dependent Pd Speciation and NO Adsorption in Pd/Zeolites. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keka Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Yuntao Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Karl S. Westendorff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Sichi Li
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Josh A. Pihl
- Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Lars C. Grabow
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - William S. Epling
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Christopher Paolucci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
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Ryou Y, Lee J, Lee H, Kim CH, Kim DH. Effect of various activation conditions on the low temperature NO adsorption performance of Pd/SSZ-13 passive NOx adsorber. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lira E, Merte LR, Behafarid F, Ono LK, Zhang L, Roldan Cuenya B. Role and Evolution of Nanoparticle Structure and Chemical State during the Oxidation of NO over Size- and Shape-Controlled Pt/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts under Operando Conditions. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs500137r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Lira
- Department
of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - L. R. Merte
- Department
of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - F. Behafarid
- Department
of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - L. K. Ono
- Department
of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - L. Zhang
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - B. Roldan Cuenya
- Department
of Physics, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Paredis K, Ono LK, Behafarid F, Zhang Z, Yang JC, Frenkel AI, Cuenya BR. Evolution of the structure and chemical state of Pd nanoparticles during the in situ catalytic reduction of NO with H2. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13455-64. [PMID: 21790158 DOI: 10.1021/ja203709t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An in-depth understanding of the fundamental structure of catalysts during operation is indispensable for tailoring future efficient and selective catalysts. We report the evolution of the structure and oxidation state of ZrO(2)-supported Pd nanocatalysts (∼5 nm) during the in situ reduction of NO with H(2) using X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Prior to the onset of the reaction (≤120 °C), a NO-induced redispersion of our initial metallic Pd nanoparticles over the ZrO(2) support was observed, and Pd(δ+) species were detected. This process parallels the high production of N(2)O observed at the onset of the reaction (>120 °C), while at higher temperatures (≥150 °C) the selectivity shifts mainly toward N(2) (∼80%). Concomitant with the onset of N(2) production, the Pd atoms aggregate again into large (6.5 nm) metallic Pd nanoparticles, which were found to constitute the active phase for the H(2)-reduction of NO. Throughout the entire reaction cycle, the formation and stabilization of PdO(x) was not detected. Our results highlight the importance of in situ reactivity studies to unravel the microscopic processes governing catalytic reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Paredis
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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Hájek J, Kačer P, Hulínský V, Červený L, Murzin DY. High-selectivity hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde over platinum supported on aluminosilicates. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2006. [DOI: 10.1163/156856706778938482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tripathi SC, Kadam RM, Kumar M, Mittal JP, Mishra SP. EPR investigations on radiation induced chemical transformations in Pd(ClO4)2/i-PrOH/HClO4 system from 77 to 300 K. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2005; 62:1107-13. [PMID: 15955724 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2005.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 03/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The EPR studies have been carried out on gamma irradiated samples of Pd(ClO4)2 in 9 M/4M HClO4 in the presence and absence of isopropanol [i-PrOH (5%, v/v)], in the temperature range of 77-300 K. The EPR studies revealed the formation of Pd+ complex, Pd3+ complex and several radicals such as H., OH., ClO3., ClO4. and O3- on radiolysis of these systems. Reduction of Pd2+ to Pd clusters could not be observed in the absence of i-PrOH and warming of the irradiated sample finally resulted in recovery of Pd2+ complex. However, in the presence of 5% i-PrOH, strongly oxidizing radicals like OH., ClO3. and ClO4. are suppressed and (CH3)2C.OH radical was produced along with reducing species like H.. EPR spectra in these strongly reducing conditions showed formation of Pd+ complex, which on heating above 230 K, disproportionated into Pd0 and Pd2+ complex and finally lead to formation of Pd metal aggregates. Simultaneously, pulse radiolysis technique has been employed as an alternative method to verify the EPR observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Tripathi
- RCS, Fuel Reprocessing Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Characterization of oxide surfaces and zeolites by carbon monoxide as an IR probe molecule. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-0564(02)47008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Zhen S, Bae D, Seff K. Zn+ Cations, Probable Tl4Zn12 and Tl6 Clusters, and Zeolite Desilication (Less Likely Dealumination): Crystallographic Study of the Incomplete Reaction of Zn Vapor with Tl+-Exchanged Zeolite X. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993093j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenyan Zhen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - Donghan Bae
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - Karl Seff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
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Infrared study of nitrogen monoxide adsorption on palladium ion-exchanged ZSM-5 catalysts. Catal Letters 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00811479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Che M. Interfacial Coordination Chemistry: Concepts and Relevance to Catalysis Phenomena. STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(08)64004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Copper Ion-exchanged Zeolites as Active Catalysts for Direct Decomposition of Nitrogen Monoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(08)61910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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23
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Feeley O, Sachtler W. Oxidative redispersion of metals in Y zeolites effect of ammonia on Pd/HY rejuvenation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-9834(00)84437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shen Y, Wang S, Huang K. Effects of chloride precursors on the palladium valency and surface structures of PdMg2+/SiO2catalysts for carbon monoxide hydrogenation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-9834(00)80723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sheu L, Knozinger H, Sachtler W. Characterization by CO/FTIR spectroscopy of palladium supported on NaY zeolites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-5102(89)80127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Catalytically important metal ion intermediates on zeolites and silica surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03155660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mechanisms of Formation and Stabilization of Metals in the Pore Structure of Zeolites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(09)60995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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31
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On the Role of Promotors in Pd Catalysts for Methanol Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(09)61396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Catalytic Reactions Induced by Transition Metal Complexes Solvated in Zeolite Matrices: Oxidation, Carbonylation and Related Reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(08)64878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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33
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Garbowski E, Primet M, Mathieu MV. UV spectroscopic study of oxidized and reduced palladium loaded zeolites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02074467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Oliver D, Richard M, Che M. EPR evidence for ion migration and Ni(CO)+n formation in NiCaX zeolite. Chem Phys Lett 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(78)85714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Garbowski E, Vedrine JC. Spectroscopic studies of Ni(I) complexes with CO, O2 and no ligands in a NiCa-Y zeolite. Chem Phys Lett 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(77)85090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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