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Luo P, Zhai Y, Falus P, García Sakai V, Hartl M, Kofu M, Nakajima K, Faraone A, Z Y. Q-dependent collective relaxation dynamics of glass-forming liquid Ca 0.4K 0.6(NO 3) 1.4 investigated by wide-angle neutron spin-echo. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2092. [PMID: 35440658 PMCID: PMC9018732 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The relaxation behavior of glass formers exhibits spatial heterogeneity and dramatically changes upon cooling towards the glass transition. However, the underlying mechanisms of the dynamics at different microscopic length scales are not fully understood. Employing the recently developed wide-angle neutron spin-echo spectroscopy technique, we measured the Q-dependent coherent intermediate scattering function of a prototypical ionic glass former Ca0.4K0.6(NO3)1.4, in the highly viscous liquid state. In contrast to the structure modulated dynamics for Q < 2.4 Å−1, i.e., at and below the structure factor main peak, for Q > 2.4 Å−1, beyond the first minimum above the structure factor main peak, the stretching exponent exhibits no temperature dependence and concomitantly the relaxation time shows smaller deviations from Arrhenius behavior. This finding indicates a change in the dominant relaxation mechanisms around a characteristic length of 2π/(2.4 Å−1) ≈ 2.6 Å, below which the relaxation process exhibits a temperature independent distribution and more Arrhenius-like behavior. Length scale dependence is important for understanding the collective relaxation dynamics in glass-forming liquids. Here, the authors find in liquid Ca0.4K0.6(NO3)1.4 a change in the dominant relaxation mechanisms around 2.6 Å, below which the relaxation process exhibits a temperature independent distribution and more Arrhenius-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Luo
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yanqin Zhai
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Peter Falus
- Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Victoria García Sakai
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science & Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Monika Hartl
- European Spallation Source, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maiko Kofu
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakajima
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Antonio Faraone
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-1070, USA.
| | - Y Z
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Beerwerth J, Bierwirth SP, Adam J, Gainaru C, Böhmer R. Local and global dynamics of the viscous ion conductors 2Ca(NO3)2-3KNO3 and 2Ca(NO3)2-3RbNO3 probed by 87Rb nuclear magnetic resonance and shear rheology. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:194503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5093973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Beerwerth
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S. Peter Bierwirth
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jens Adam
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Catalin Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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Wang L. Extracting energy and structure properties of glass-forming liquids from structural relaxation time. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:155103. [PMID: 22436503 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/15/155103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive examination of the kinetic liquid model (Wang et al 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 455104) is carried out by fitting the structural relaxation time of 26 different glass-forming liquids in a wide temperature range, including most of the well-studied materials. Careful analysis of the compiled reported data reveals that experimental inaccuracies should not be overlooked in any 'benchmark test' of relating theories or models (e.g. in Lunkenheimer et al 2010 Phys. Rev. E 81 051504). The procedure, accuracy, ability, and efficiency of the kinetic liquid model are discussed in detail and in comparison with other available fitting methods. In general, the kinetic liquid model could be verified by 17 of the 26 compiled data sets and can serve as a meaningful approximative method for analyzing these liquids. Nonetheless, further experimental examinations in a wide temperature range are needed and are called for. Through fitting, the microscopic details of these liquids are extracted, namely, the enthalpy, entropy, and cooperativity in structural relaxation, which may facilitate further quantitative analysis to both the liquidus and glassy states of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianwen Wang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Griffin P, Agapov AL, Kisliuk A, Sun XG, Dai S, Novikov VN, Sokolov AP. Decoupling charge transport from the structural dynamics in room temperature ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:114509. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3638269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rössler E. Corresponding States Concept for Simple Supercooled Liquids Identifying a Change of Diffusion Mechanism above the Glass Transition Temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19900940338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Grest GS, Cohen MH. Liquids, Glasses, and the Glass Transition: A Free-Volume Approach. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470142684.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Singh P, Banhatti RD, Funke K. Non-Arrhenius viscosity related to short-time ion dynamics in a fragile molten salt. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:1096-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b418432g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Colby RH. Dynamic scaling approach to glass formation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 61:1783-1792. [PMID: 11046462 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Experimental data for the temperature dependence of relaxation times are used to argue that the dynamic scaling form, with relaxation time diverging at the critical temperature T(c) as (T-T(c))(-nuz), is superior to the classical Vogel form. This observation leads us to propose that glass formation can be described by a simple mean-field limit of a phase transition. The order parameter is the fraction of all space that has sufficient free volume to allow substantial motion, and grows logarithmically above T(c). Diffusion of this free volume creates random walk clusters that have cooperatively rearranged. We show that the distribution of cooperatively moving clusters must have a Fisher exponent tau=2. Dynamic scaling predicts a power law for the relaxation modulus G(t) approximately t(-2/z), where z is the dynamic critical exponent relating the relaxation time of a cluster to its size. Andrade creep, universally observed for all glass-forming materials, suggests z=6. Experimental data on the temperature dependence of viscosity and relaxation time of glass-forming liquids suggest that the exponent nu describing the correlation length divergence in this simple scaling picture is not always universal. Polymers appear to universally have nuz=9 (making nu=3 / 2). However, other glass-formers have unphysically large values of nuz, suggesting that the availability of free volume is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for motion in these liquids. Such considerations lead us to assert that nuz=9 is in fact universal for all glass- forming liquids, but an energetic barrier to motion must also be overcome for strong glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- RH Colby
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Machavariani VS, Voronel A. Estimation of the intrinsic heterogeneity of ionic glass-forming melts. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 61:2121-4. [PMID: 11046510 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.2121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/1999] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The supercooled ionic melt is considered as a kind of binary composite material with an intrinsic heterogeneity (liquid medium and denser packed clusters) dependent on temperature. The conductivities of phases are extracted from the high (liquid) and low (glass) temperature experimental data. Effective conductivity of such a composite has been estimated using the checkerboardlike model with the presence of heterogeneity on different length scales. Using this model the volume fraction of the denser inclusions from experimental data on Ca2K3(NO3)(5) and Zr-Ba-La-Al-Na-F compound glass formers has been estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- VS Machavariani
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 69978, Israel
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Zhu DM. Correlation between density of tunneling states and fragility of glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:6287-6291. [PMID: 9986644 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.6287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Sokolov AP, Rössler E, Kisliuk A, Quitmann D. Dynamics of strong and fragile glass formers: Differences and correlation with low-temperature properties. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:2062-2065. [PMID: 10054573 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Ricci M, Foggi P, Righini R, Torre R. Orientational dynamics on glassformer 2 [Ca(NO3)2]⋅3[KNO3]: A study by transient optical Kerr effect. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.464944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cheng L, Yan Y, Nelson KA. Ultrasonic and hypersonic properties of molten KNO3–Ca(NO3)2 mixture. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.457423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ngai KL, Wang CH, Fytas G, Plazek DL, Plazek DJ. Physical interpretations of various dynamic light scattering data, their interconnections and relations to other relaxation data. J Chem Phys 1987. [DOI: 10.1063/1.452698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Satoh K, Kanno H. Anomalous Crystallization Behavior in the Glass Forming Composition Region of the H2O–HNO3System. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1982. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.55.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Torell LM. Brillouin scattering study of hypersonic relaxation in a Ca(NO3)2–KNO3mixture. J Chem Phys 1982. [DOI: 10.1063/1.443445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Angell CA, Donnella J. Mechanical collapse vs ideal glass formation in slowly vitrified solutions: A plausibility test. J Chem Phys 1977. [DOI: 10.1063/1.434597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Barreira M, Barreira F. Transport properties of molten tetra-alkylammonium picrates—II conductivity. Electrochim Acta 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(76)85137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Easteal AJ, Angell CA. Viscosity of Molten ZnCl2and Supercritical Behavior in Its Binary Solutions. J Chem Phys 1972. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1677843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Moynihan CT, Balitactac N, Boone L, Litovitz TA. Comparison of Shear and Conductivity Relaxation Times for Concentrated Lithium Chloride Solutions. J Chem Phys 1971. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1676531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tweer H, Simmons JH, Macedo PB. Application of the Environmental Relaxation Model to the Temperature Dependence of the Viscosity. J Chem Phys 1971. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1675124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Weiler R, Bose R, Macedo PB. Ultrasonic Relaxations in a Vitreous Ca(NO3)2–KNO3 Mixture. J Chem Phys 1970. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1674125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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