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Maley SM, Lief GR, Buck RM, Sydora OL, Yang Q, Bischof SM, Ess DH. Density functional theory and CCSD(T) evaluation of ionization potentials, redox potentials, and bond energies related to zirconocene polymerization catalysts. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:506-515. [PMID: 35662063 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantum-mechanical-based computational design of molecular catalysts requires accurate and fast electronic structure calculations to determine and predict properties of transition-metal complexes. For Zr-based molecular complexes related to polyethylene catalysis, previous evaluation of density functional theory (DFT) and wavefunction methods only examined oxides and halides or select reaction barrier heights. In this work, we evaluate the performance of DFT against experimental redox potentials and bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) for zirconocene complexes directly relevant to ethylene polymerization catalysis. We also examined the ability of DFT to compute the fourth atomic ionization potential of zirconium and the effect the basis set selection has on the ionization potential computed with CCSD(T). Generally, the atomic ionization potential and redox potentials are very well reproduced by DFT, but we discovered relatively large deviations of DFT-calculated BDEs compared to experiment. However, evaluation of BDEs with CCSD(T) suggests that experimental values should be revisited, and our CCSD(T) values should be taken as most accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Maley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Graham R Lief
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Bartlesville, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Richard M Buck
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Bartlesville, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Orson L Sydora
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Kingwood, Texas, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Bartlesville, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Steven M Bischof
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Kingwood, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel H Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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Minenkov Y, Chermak E, Cavallo L. Troubles in the Systematic Prediction of Transition Metal Thermochemistry with Contemporary Out-of-the-Box Methods. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:1542-60. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yury Minenkov
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical
Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edrisse Chermak
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical
Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical
Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Uddin J, Morales CM, Maynard JH, Landis CR. Computational Studies of Metal−Ligand Bond Enthalpies across the Transition Metal Series. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om0603058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Christine M. Morales
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - James H. Maynard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Clark R. Landis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Michael FE, Duncan AP, Sweeney ZK, Bergman* RG. Rearrangements and stereomutations of metallacycles derived from allenes and imidozirconium complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:1752-64. [PMID: 15701010 PMCID: PMC1444910 DOI: 10.1021/ja045607k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of the rearrangements and stereoinversion of azametallacyclobutenes generated via [2+2] cycloaddition of allenes and imidozirconium complexes have been studied. Metallacycles derived from allenes bearing beta-hydrogen atoms racemize at room temperature by reversible beta-hydride elimination, a process which is also responsible for their eventual conversion to monoazadiene complexes. Metallacycles derived from diarylallenes racemize by reversible thermal bond homolysis at 95 degrees C; racemization of these metallacycles is also catalyzed by mild oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest E. Michael
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Andrew P. Duncan
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Zachary K. Sweeney
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Robert G. Bergman*
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Diogo HP, Minas da Piedade ME, Martinho Simões JA, Teixeira C. Organometallic thermochemistry at CQE-IST. An overview. J Organomet Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(01)00861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Diogo H, Minas da Piedade M, Gonçalves J, Monte M, Ribeiro da Silva M. Enthalpies of Sublimation of M(η5-C5H5)2Cl2 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, W) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0682(20011)2001:1<257::aid-ejic257>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bennett JL, Vaid TP, Wolczanski PT. Extracting absolute titanium-alkyl and-hydride bond enthalpies from relative D(TiR(H)) in (silox)2(tBu3SiNH)TiR: electronegativity and ECT models. Inorganica Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(97)05997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Deck PA, Beswick CL, Marks TJ. Highly Electrophilic Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Quantitative Reaction Coordinates for Fluoroarylborane/Alumoxane Methide Abstraction and Ion-Pair Reorganization in Group 4 Metallocene and “Constrained Geometry” Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja972912f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Deck
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60608-3113
| | - Colin L. Beswick
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60608-3113
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60608-3113
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Bennett JL, Wolczanski PT. Selectivities in Hydrocarbon Activation: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Investigations of Reversible 1,2-RH-Elimination from (silox)2(tBu3SiNH)TiR (silox = tBu3SiO). J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9707419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L. Bennett
- Contribution from Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Peter T. Wolczanski
- Contribution from Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Kerr ME, Zhang XM, Bruno JW. Effects of the Niobium(V) Center on the Energetics of Ligand-Centered Proton and Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions in Acyl and Alkoxide Complexes. Organometallics 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/om970224z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E. Kerr
- Hall-Atwater Laboratories, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459
| | - Xian-Man Zhang
- Hall-Atwater Laboratories, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459
| | - Joseph W. Bruno
- Hall-Atwater Laboratories, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459
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11
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Dioumaev VK, Harrod JF. Nature of the Species Present in the Zirconocene Dichloride−Butyllithium Reaction Mixture. Organometallics 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/om960543a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John F. Harrod
- Chemistry Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2K6
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Wang D, Angelici RJ. Effects of Cyclopentadienyl and Phosphine Ligands on the Basicities and Nucleophilicities of Cp'Ir(CO)(PR(3)) Complexes. Inorg Chem 1996; 35:1321-1331. [PMID: 11666327 DOI: 10.1021/ic951079p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Basicities of the series of complexes CpIr(CO)(PR(3)) [PR(3) = P(p-C(6)H(4)CF(3))(3), P(p-C(6)H(4)F)(3), P(p-C(6)H(4)Cl)(3), PPh(3), P(p-C(6)H(4)CH(3))(3), P(p-C(6)H(4)OCH(3))(3), PPh(2)Me, PPhMe(2), PMe(3), PEt(3), PCy(3)] have been measured by the heat evolved (DeltaH(HM)) when the complex is protonated by CF(3)SO(3)H in 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) at 25.0 degrees C. The -DeltaH(HM) values range from 28.0 kcal/mol for CpIr(CO)[P(p-C(6)H(4)CF(3))(3)] to 33.2 kcal/mol for CpIr(CO)(PMe(3)) and are directly related to the basicities of the PR(3) ligands in the complexes. For the more basic pentamethylcyclopentadienyl analogs, the -DeltaH(HM) values range from 33.8 kcal/mol for the weakest base CpIr(CO)[P(p-C(6)H(4)CF(3))(3)] to 38.0 kcal/mol for the strongest CpIr(CO)(PMe(3)). The nucleophilicities of the Cp'Ir(CO)(PR(3)) complexes were established from second-order rate constants (k) for their reactions with CH(3)I to give [Cp'Ir(CO)(PR(3))(CH(3))](+)I(-) in CD(2)Cl(2) at 25.0 degrees C. There is an excellent linear correlation between the basicities (DeltaH(HM)) and nucleophilicities (log k) of the CpIr(CO)(PR(3)) complexes. Only the complex CpIr(CO)(PCy(3)) with the bulky tricyclohexylphosphine ligand deviates dramatically from the trend. In general, the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl complexes react 40 times faster than the cyclopentadienyl analogs. However, they do not react as fast as predicted from electronic properties of the complexes, which suggests that the steric size of the Cp ligand reduces the nucleophilicities of the CpIr(CO)(PR(3)) complexes. In addition, heats of protonation (DeltaH(HP)) of tris(2-methoxyphenyl)phosphine, tris(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)phosphine, and tris(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)phosphine were measured and used to estimate pK(a) values for these highly basic phosphines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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Wang D, Angelici RJ. Metal−Hydrogen Bond Dissociation Enthalpies in Series of Complexes of Eight Different Transition Metals. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9441930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Robert J. Angelici
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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Schaller CP, Cummins CC, Wolczanski PT. Hydrocarbon Activation via Reversible 1,2-RH-Elimination from (tBu3SiNH)3ZrR: Synthetic, Structural, and Mechanistic Investigations. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja950745i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Schaller
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Christopher C. Cummins
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Peter T. Wolczanski
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Metal-silicon bonding energetics in organo-Group 4 and organo—f-element complexes. Implications for bonding and reactivity. Inorganica Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1693(94)04265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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