1
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Lu C, Kobayashi M, Fujitsuka M. Direct Investigation of Excited C 60 Dianion and Its Intramolecular Electron Transfer Behaviors. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8330-8337. [PMID: 37767560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the dynamics of excited fullerene dianions and associated intramolecular electron transfer (ET) were directly investigated by using femtosecond pump-probe laser flash photolysis on selectively reduced C60, pyrrolidino[60]fullerene (C60H), and dyads including C60-naphthalenediimide (NDI) and C60-pyromellitimide (PI). Upon near-infrared laser excitation, the excited dianion of C60 or C60H displayed two states with lifetimes of less than one and several tens of ps, attributed to prompt internal conversion from the theoretically predicted Sn state. Furthermore, the ET processes from the excited C602- in dyad molecules, including C602--NDI•- and C602--PI•-, were confirmed with varied ET rate constants due to the difference in the driving force for ET. The current findings provide a clear description of the hitherto uncharted excited-state and photoinduced ET characteristics of fullerene dianions, paving the way for photochemical studies of excited multi-ions (excited multi-polarons) and their application in organic semiconducting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki ,Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kobayashi
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki ,Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki ,Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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2
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Xu LJ, Yang WW, Han FS, Gao X. Transition-metal-mediated benzylation of C 60 with benzyl chlorides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2331-2336. [PMID: 36815307 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00039g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Benzyl bromides have been widely used for fullerene functionalization. However, the use of benzyl chlorides, a more affordable but less reactive counterpart of benzyl bromides, has been rarely reported. Herein, a new metal-mediated benzylation of C60 with benzyl chlorides is presented. In this method, with the combinatorial use of Mn powder and Cu(OAc)2, various benzyl chloride derivatives could react with C60 to afford 1,4-dibenzylated products in 12-53% yields. A mechanistic study by in situ visible near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy and various control experiments suggests that, unlike the conventional anionic pathway that uses benzyl bromides, the transition-metal-mediated benzylation of C60 with benzyl chlorides proceeds via a metal-mediated iterative single electron transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Xu
- Jilin Province Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Process, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei-Wei Yang
- Jilin Province Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Process, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
| | - Fu-She Han
- Jilin Province Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Process, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Jilin Province Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Process, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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3
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Stein E, Nahor O, Stolov M, Freger V, Petruta IM, McCulloch I, Frey GL. Ambipolar blend-based organic electrochemical transistors and inverters. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5548. [PMID: 36137998 PMCID: PMC9500051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CMOS-like circuits in bioelectronics translate biological to electronic signals using organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based on organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs). Ambipolar OECTs can reduce the complexity of circuit fabrication, and in bioelectronics have the major advantage of detecting both cations and anions in one device, which further expands the prospects for diagnosis and sensing. Ambipolar OMIECs however, are scarce, limited by intricate materials design and complex synthesis. Here we demonstrate that judicious selection of p- and n-type materials for blend-based OMIECs offers a simple and tunable approach for the fabrication of ambipolar OECTs and corresponding circuits. These OECTs show high transconductance and excellent stability over multiple alternating polarity cycles, with ON/OFF ratios exceeding 103 and high gains in corresponding inverters. This work presents a simple and versatile new paradigm for the fabrication of ambipolar OMIECs and circuits with little constraints on materials design and synthesis and numerous possibilities for tunability and optimization towards higher performing bioelectronic applications. Ambipolar organic electrochemical transistors simplify bioelectronics circuitry but are challenging due to complicated material design and synthesis. Here, the authors demonstrate that p- and n-type blends offer a simple and tuneable approach for the fabrication of ambipolar devices and circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Stein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Oded Nahor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Mikhail Stolov
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Viatcheslav Freger
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Iuliana Maria Petruta
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.,Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gitti L Frey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
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4
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Electron Spin Relaxation in Carbon Materials. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144964. [PMID: 35888431 PMCID: PMC9318273 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on EPR relaxation measurements in various carbon samples, e.g., natural carbons-anthracite, coal, higher anthraxolites, graphite; synthetically obtained carbons-glassy carbons, fullerenes, graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphite monocrystals, HOPG, nanoribbons, diamonds. The short introduction presents the basics of resonant electron spin relaxation techniques, briefly describing the obtained parameters. This review presents gathered results showing the processes leading to electron spin relaxation and typical ranges of electron spin relaxation rates for many different carbon types.
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5
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Niklas J, Mardis KL, Poluektov OG. Spin Signature of the C 60 Fullerene Anion: A Combined X- and D-Band EPR and DFT Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3915-3921. [PMID: 29969036 PMCID: PMC6563802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fullerenes attract much attention in various scientific fields, but their electronic properties are still not completely understood. Here we report on a combined EPR and DFT study of the fullerene anion C60- in solid glassy environment. DFT calculations were used to characterize its electronic structure through spin density distribution and magnetic resonance parameters. The electron spin density is not uniformly distributed throughout the C60- cage but shows a pattern similar to PC61BM-. EPR spectroscopy reveals a rhombic g-tensor sensitive to the environment in the frozen glassy solutions, which can be rationalized by deformation of the fullerenes along low-frequency vibrational modes upon cooling. DFT modeling confirms that these deformations lead to variation in the C60- g values. The decrease in g-tensor anisotropy with sample annealing is related to the lessening of g-tensor strain upon temperature relaxation of the most distorted sites in the glassy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Niklas
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Kristy L. Mardis
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Engineering Studies, Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois 60628, USA
| | - Oleg G. Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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6
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Wu SL, Gao X. Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Reaction of C 60 with Aliphatic Primary Amines and CS 2. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2125-2130. [PMID: 29377694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel type of fullerene derivatives, [60]fullerothiazolidinethiones (2), were obtained from the copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative reaction of C60 with aliphatic primary amines and CS2 in 4:1 v/v DMF and o-DCB. The obtained products were fully characterized with the X-ray single-crystal diffraction and spectroscopic methods. Control experiment with maleic anhydride, an analogue to C60, also afforded thiazolidinethione product, but via a mechanism different from that of C60 judging from the structure difference between the two types of thiazolidinethione compounds, demonstrating the unique reactivity of C60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Li Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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7
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Influence of RTIL Nanodomains on the Voltammetry and Spectroelectrochemistry Of Fullerene C60 in Benzonitrile/Room Temperature Ionic Liquids Mixtures. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Yang WW, Li ZJ, Li SH, Gao X. Vis-Near-IR Spectroscopic and Time-Dependent DFT Study of Reduced Singly Bonded C60 Species. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:9534-40. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Yang
- State Key
Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Zong-Jun Li
- State Key
Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- State Key
Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key
Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
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9
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Martins MAP, Frizzo CP, Tier AZ, Moreira DN, Zanatta N, Bonacorso HG. Update 1 of: Ionic Liquids in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2014; 114:PR1-70. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500106x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A. P. Martins
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Clarissa P. Frizzo
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Aniele Z. Tier
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Dayse N. Moreira
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Helio G. Bonacorso
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
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10
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Fukuda T, Sato J, Hashimoto N, Kobayashi N. Reduction-triggered aromatic to aromatic electronic structure switching in tribenzotetraazachlorin–fullerene conjugates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:14269-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04689g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electronic absorption spectral changes observed during sodium reduction of a tribenzotetraazachlorin–fullerene conjugate have clarified that the aromatic nature of the conjugate has been retained even in the one-electron reduced form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Fukuda
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Jun Sato
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoaki Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai, Japan
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11
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Hou HL, Li ZJ, Li SH, Chen S, Gao X. Hydroxide-Initiated Conversion of Aromatic Nitriles to Imidazolines: Fullerenes vs TCNE. Org Lett 2013; 15:4646-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401834j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Zong-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Si Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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12
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Li FF, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Peng P, Campos Chavez GA, Poblet JM, Echegoyen L. Electrosynthesis of a Sc3N@I(h)-C80 methano derivative from trianionic Sc3N@I(h)-C80. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7480-7. [PMID: 22475512 DOI: 10.1021/ja3008038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electrosynthetic method has been used for the selective synthesis of fullerene derivatives that are otherwise not accessible by other procedures. Recent attempts to electrosynthesize Sc(3)N@I(h)-C(80) derivatives using the Sc(3)N@I(h)-C(80) dianion were unsuccessful because of its low nucleophilicity. Those results prompted us to prepare the Sc(3)N@C(80) trianion, which should be more nucleophilic and reactive with electrophilic reagents. The reaction between Sc(3)N@C(80) trianions and benzal bromide (PhCHBr(2)) was successful and yielded a methano derivative, Sc(3)N@I(h)-C(80)(CHPh) (1), in which the >CHPh addend is selectively attached to a [6,6] ring junction, as characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and NMR and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy. The electrochemistry of 1 was studied using cyclic voltammetry, which showed that 1 exhibits the typical irreversible cathodic behavior of pristine Sc(3)N@I(h)-C(80), resembling the behavior of other methano adducts of Sc(3)N@I(h)-C(80). The successful synthesis of endohedral metallofullerene derivatives using trianionic Sc(3)N@I(h)-C(80) and dianionic Lu(3)N@I(h)-C(80), but not dianionic Sc(3)N@I(h)-C(80), prompted us to probe the causes using theoretical calculations. The Sc(3)N@I(h)-C(80) trianion has a singly occupied molecular orbital with high spin density localized on the fullerene cage, in contrast to the highest occupied molecular orbital of the Sc(3)N@I(h)-C(80) dianion, which is mainly localized on the inside cluster. The calculations provide a clear explanation for the different reactivities observed for the dianions and trianions of these endohedral fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
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13
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Chang WW, Li ZJ, Yang WW, Gao X. Reactions of anionic oxygen nucleophiles with C60 revisited. Org Lett 2012; 14:2386-9. [PMID: 22515146 DOI: 10.1021/ol300805p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of C(60) with oxygen nucleophiles of HO(-) and CH(3)O(-) are revisited in PhCN in the presence of PhCH(2)Br. Different from previous results that such reactions lead to the formation of complex mixtures, well-structured C(60) oxazolines are obtained when HO(-) is involved, while di- and tetraadducts with methoxy and benzyl addends are obtained when CH(3)O(-) is engaged. The reactions are followed by in situ vis-near-IR spectroscopy, which reveals further information for the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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14
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Hou HL, Gao X. Aerobic Oxidations of C602– in the Presence of PhCN and PhCH2CN: Oxygenation versus Dehydrogenation Reactions. J Org Chem 2012; 77:2553-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202616j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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15
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E Y, Bai L, Fan L, Han M, Zhang X, Yang S. Electrochemically generated fluorescent fullerene[60] nanoparticles as a new and viable bioimaging platform. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Yang WW, Li ZJ, Gao X. Reaction of C602− with Organic Halides Revisited in DMF: Proton Transfer from Water to RC60− and Unexpected Formation of 1,2-Dihydro[60]fullerenes. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4086-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Remin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
| | - Zong-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Remin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Remin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
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17
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Pospíšil L, Gál M, Hromadová M, Bulíčková J, Kolivoška V, Cvačka J, Nováková K, Kavan L, Zukalová M, Dunsch L. Search for the form of fullerene C60 in aqueous medium. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:14095-101. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00986e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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18
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Li FF, Yang WW, He GB, Gao X. Formation of Fullerooxazoles from C61HPh3−: The Regioselectivity of Heteroatom Additions. J Org Chem 2009; 74:8071-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9012207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Remin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Wei-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Remin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Guo-Bao He
- Yichang Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Yichang 443003, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Remin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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19
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Kozhemyakina NV, Nuss J, Jansen M. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New C602-Fulleride: [K(DB24C8)(DME)]2C60·DME. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Hope MJ, Higlett MP, Andrews DL, Meech SR, Hands ID, Dunn JL, Bates CA. Observation of ultrafast internal conversion in fullerene anions in solution. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Li FF, Gao X, Zheng M. Why [6,6]- and 1,2-Benzal-3-N-4-O-Cyclic Phenylimidate C60 Undergo Electrochemically Induced Retro-Addition Reactions while 1,4-Dibenzyl-2,3-Cyclic Phenylimidate C60 Does Not? C−H···X (X = N, O) Intramolecular Interactions in Organofullerenes. J Org Chem 2008; 74:82-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801769q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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22
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Electronic and molecular structures of C60-based polyanionic high-spin molecular clusters: Direct spin identification and electron spin transient nutation spectroscopy for high-spin chemistry. Inorganica Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Martins MAP, Frizzo CP, Moreira DN, Zanatta N, Bonacorso HG. Ionic liquids in heterocyclic synthesis. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2015-50. [PMID: 18543878 DOI: 10.1021/cr078399y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A P Martins
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A. P. Martins
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Clarissa P. Frizzo
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Dayse N. Moreira
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Helio G. Bonacorso
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
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25
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Zheng M, Li FF, Ni L, Yang WW, Gao X. Synthesis and Identification of Heterocyclic Derivatives of Fullerene C60: Unexpected Reaction of Anionic C60 with Benzonitrile. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3159-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702678c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Fang-fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Ling Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Wei-wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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Rodríguez-Zavala JG, Guirado-López RA. Stability of highly OH-covered C60 fullerenes: role of coadsorbed O impurities and of the charge state of the cage in the formation of carbon-opened structures. J Phys Chem A 2007; 110:9459-68. [PMID: 16869697 DOI: 10.1021/jp061855m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have performed both semiempirical as well as ab initio density functional theory calculations in order to investigate the structural stability of highly hydroxylated C60(OH)32 fullerenes, so-called fullerenols. Interestingly, we have found that low-energy atomic configurations are obtained when the OH groups are covering the C60 in the form of small hydroxyl islands. The previous formation of OH molecular domains on the carbon surface, stabilized by hydrogen bonds between neighboring OH groups, defines the existence of C60(OH)32 fullerene structures with some elongated C-C bonds, closed electronic shells, and large highest occupied-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gaps, with the latter two being well-known indicators of high chemical stability in these kind of carbon compounds. The calculated optical absorption spectra show that the location of the first single dipole-allowed excitation strongly depends on the precise distribution of the OH groups on the surface, a result that, combined with optical spectroscopy experiments, might provide an efficient way to identify the structure of these kinds of fullerene derivatives. We found that the presence of a few coadsorbed oxygen species on the fullerene surface leads in general to the existence of C60(OH)32O(x) (x = 1-4) compounds in which some of the C-C bonds just below the O impurities are replaced by C-O-C bridge bonds, leading to the formation of stable carbon-opened structures in agreement with the recent experimental work of Xing et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 11473). Actually, a more dramatic cage destruction is obtained when considering multiply charged C60(OH)32O(x)(+/-m) (m = 2, 4, 6) species (that can exist in both gas-phase and aqueous environments), where now sizable holes made of 9- and 10-membered rings can exist in the carbon network. We believe that our results are important if the controlled opening of carbon cages is needed and it should be taken into account also in several technological applications where the permanent encapsulation of atomic or molecular species in these types of fullerene derivatives is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Rodríguez-Zavala
- Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnológicas, Centro Universitario de Los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Enrique Díaz de León S/N, 47460 Jalisco, México
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Wróbel D, Graja A, Manikowski H, Lewandowska K. Charge transfer in fullerene – porphyrin-derived dyads studied with light-induced electron spin resonance. Chem Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Liu W, Zhang Y, Gao X. Interfacial Supramolecular Self-Assembled Monolayers of C60 by Thiolated β-Cyclodextrin on Gold Surfaces via Monoanionic C60. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:4973-80. [PMID: 17388587 DOI: 10.1021/ja067056z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The supramolecular self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of C(60) by thiolated beta-cyclodextrin (CD) on gold surfaces were constructed for the first time using C(60) monoanion. The results indicate that monoanionic C(60) plays a crucial role in the formation of the C(60)-containing self-assembled monolayers. The generation of C(60) monoanion and the formation process of C(60) SAMs were monitored in-situ by UV-visible and near-IR spectroscopy. The resulting C(60) SAMs were fully characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), cyclic voltammetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and water contact angle measurements. After the immobilization of C(60) by the SAMs of thiolated beta-CD, the film thickness increased by approximately 1 nm from 0.8 to 1.8 nm as determined by SE, demonstrating the formation of the supramolecular self-assembled monolayers of thiolated beta-CD/C(60). The new C(60) SAMs exhibited one quasi-reversible redox couple at half wave potential of -0.57 V vs SCE in aqueous solution containing 0.1 M KCl. The surface coverage of C(60) on the gold surfaces was estimated to be 1.1 x 10(-10) mol cm(-2). The XPS showed the assembly of C(60) over the thiolated beta-CD SAMs. The surface hydrophobicity increased greatly upon the formation of the C(60)-containing SAMs as analyzed by water contact angle measurements. The results are in agreement with the formation of 1:1 complex of C(60) and cyclodextrin on gold surfaces, though it also reveals some non-homogeneous features of the monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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29
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Gol’dshleger NF, Lapshin AN, Yudanova EI, Alpatova NM, Ovsyannikova EV. Electrochemical and chemical reduction of pyridyl-substituted pyrrolidinofullerenes. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193506010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Hishida Y, Nishi M, Baba Y, Ikeuchi H. Diffusion Coefficients of C60 and C60- in Benzonitrile and Dichloromethane Solutions Containing Tetrabutylammonium Perchlorate, Measured by Potential-step Chronoamperometry. ANAL SCI 2006; 22:931-5. [PMID: 16837741 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.22.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The diffusion coefficients of C(60) in dichloromethane and benzonitrile solutions containing 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate were determined by single potential-step chronoamperometry at small disk electrodes. The diffusion coefficients of C(60) were obtained by curve fitting of the chronoamperograms to a theoretical equation by Shoup and Szabo. The values were (1.4 +/- 0.3) x 10(-9) and (4.1 +/- 0.3) x 10(-10) m(2) s(-1), respectively (the errors are 95% confidence limits). The diffusion coefficients of C(60)(-) in these solutions were measured by double potential-step chronoamperometry. The ratios of the diffusion coefficients of C(60) to those of C(60)(-) were obtained from theoretical curves of the ratios of the current at the second potential step to the current at the first one. The values of the ratios were 1.2 +/- 0.2 and 1.0 +/- 0.3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Hishida
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
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Nakazaki J, Senshu Y, Segawa H. Modulative magnetic interaction in π-diradicals of directly meso-linked porphyrin dimers. Polyhedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2005.03.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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33
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Matsuo Y, Nakamura E. Syntheses, Structure, and Derivatization of Potassium Complexes of Penta(organo)[60]fullerene-Monoanion, -Dianion, and -Trianion into Hepta- and Octa(organo)fullerenes. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:8457-66. [PMID: 15941280 DOI: 10.1021/ja050318x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two-electron reduction of penta(organo)[60]fullerenes C(60)Ar(5)H (Ar = Ph and biphenyl) by potassium/mercury amalgam afforded potassium complexes of the corresponding open-shell radical dianions [K+(thf)n]2[C60Ar5(2-.)]. These compounds were characterized by UV-visible-near-IR and electron spin resonance spectroscopy in solution. Anaerobic crystallization of [K+(thf)n]2[C60(biphenyl)(5)(2-.)] that exists largely as a monomer in solution gave black crystals of its dimer [K+(thf)3]4[(biphenyl)5C60-C60(biphenyl)5(4-)], in which the two fullerene units are connected by a C-C single bond [1.577(11) A] as determined by X-ray diffraction. Three-electron reduction of C60Ar5H with metallic potassium gave a black-green trianion [K+(thf)n]3[C60Ar5(3-)]. The reaction of the trianion with an alkyl halide RBr (R = PhCH(2) and Ph(2)CH) regioselectively afforded a hepta-organofullerene C60Ar5R2H, from which a potassium complex [K+(thf)n][C60(biphenyl)5(CH2Ph)(2)(-)] and a palladium complex Pd[C60(biphenyl)5(CH2Ph)2](pi-methallyl) as well as octa-organofullerene compounds C60(biphenyl)5(CH2Ph)3H2 and Ru[C60(biphenyl)5(C2Ph)3H]Cp were synthesized. These compounds possess a dibenzo-fused corannulene pi-electron conjugated system and are luminescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsuo
- Nakamura Functional Carbon Cluster Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency and Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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34
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Rockenbauer A, Csányi G, Fülöp F, Garaj S, Korecz L, Lukács R, Simon F, Forró L, Pekker S, Jánossy A. Electron delocalization and dimerization in solid C59N doped C60 fullerene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:066603. [PMID: 15783762 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.066603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Electron spin resonance and ab initio electronic structure calculations show an intricate relation between molecular rotation and chemical bonding in the dilute solid solution. The unpaired electron of C59N is delocalized over several C60 molecules above 700 K, while at lower temperatures it remains localized within short range. The data suggest that below 350 K rigid C59N-C60 heterodimers are formed in thermodynamic equilibrium with dissociated rotating molecules. The structural fluctuations between heterodimers and dissociated molecules are accompanied by simultaneous electron spin transfer between C60 and C59N molecules. The calculation confirms that in the C59N-C60 heterodimer the spin density resides mostly on the C60 moiety, while it is almost entirely on C59N in the dissociated case.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rockenbauer
- Chemical Research Center, Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 17 H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
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35
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Nakanishi T, Ohwaki H, Tanaka H, Murakami H, Sagara T, Nakashima N. Electrochemical and Chemical Reduction of Fullerenes C60 and C70 Embedded in Cast Films of Artificial Lipids in Aqueous Media. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049364u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakanishi
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan, and Industrial Technology Center of Nagasaki, 2-1303-8 Ikeda, Omura, Nagasaki 856-0026, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohwaki
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan, and Industrial Technology Center of Nagasaki, 2-1303-8 Ikeda, Omura, Nagasaki 856-0026, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tanaka
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan, and Industrial Technology Center of Nagasaki, 2-1303-8 Ikeda, Omura, Nagasaki 856-0026, Japan
| | - Hiroto Murakami
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan, and Industrial Technology Center of Nagasaki, 2-1303-8 Ikeda, Omura, Nagasaki 856-0026, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sagara
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan, and Industrial Technology Center of Nagasaki, 2-1303-8 Ikeda, Omura, Nagasaki 856-0026, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Nakashima
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan, and Industrial Technology Center of Nagasaki, 2-1303-8 Ikeda, Omura, Nagasaki 856-0026, Japan
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36
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Liddell PA, Kodis G, Kuciauskas D, Andréasson J, Moore AL, Moore TA, Gust D. Photoinduced electron transfer in a symmetrical diporphyrin–fullerene triad. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b412326c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Song F, Echegoyen L. In Situ Spectroelectrochemistry and Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) Characterization of C60 Embedded in a Tetraoctylammonium Bromide Film in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0278420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fayi Song
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
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38
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Paul P, Kim KC, Sun D, Boyd PDW, Reed CA. Artifacts in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of C60 fullerene ions: inevitable C120O impurity. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:4394-401. [PMID: 11960468 DOI: 10.1021/ja011832f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aspects of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of C60n- fulleride ions (n = 2, 3) and the EPR signal observed in solid C60 are reinterpreted. Insufficient levels of reduction and the unrecognized presence of C120O, a ubiquitous and unavoidable impurity in air-exposed C60, have compromised most previously reported spectra of fullerides. Central narrow line width signals ("spikes") are ascribed to C120On- (n = odd). Signals arising from axial triplets (g approximately 2.0015, D = 26-29 G) in the spectrum of C602- are ascribed to C120On- (n = 2 or 4). Their D values are more realistic for C120O than C60. Less distinct signals from "powder" triplets (D approximately 11 G) are ascribed to aggregates of C120On- (n = odd) arising from freezing nonglassing solvents. In highly purified samples of C60, we find no evidence for a broad approximately 30 G signal previously assigned to a thermally accessible triplet of C60(2-). The C60(2-) ion is EPR-silent. Signals previously ascribed to a quartet state of the C60(3-) ion are ascribed to C120O4-. Uncomplicated, authentic spectra of C60- and C60(3-) become available when fully reduced samples are prepared under strictly anaerobic conditions from freshly HPLC-purified C60. Solid off-the-shelf C60 has an EPR signal (g approximately 2.0025, DeltaH(pp) approximately 1.5 G) that is commonly ascribed to the radical cation C60*+. This signal can be reproduced by exposing highly purified, EPR-silent C60 to oxygen in the dark. Doping C60 with an authentic C60*+ salt gives a signal with much greater line width (DeltaH(pp) = 6-8 G). It is suggested that the EPR signal in air-exposed samples of C60 arises from a peroxide-bridged diradical, *C60-O-O-C60* or its decomposition products rather than from C60*+. Solid-state C60 is more sensitive to oxygen than previously appreciated such that contamination with C120O is almost impossible to avoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimal Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA
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Brezová V, Dvoranová D, Rapta P, Stasko A. Photoinduced electron transfer between C70 fullerene and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine studied by electron paramagnetic resonance. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2000; 56:2729-2739. [PMID: 11145340 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(00)00317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in situ spectroscopy was applied in the study of photoinduced electron transfer between 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and C70 in different solvent systems. The changes found in UV-vis spectra pointed at ground state charge transfer complex formation [C70-TMB] in benzonitrile. Upon selective excitation of C70 using steady-state monochromatic irradiation with a wavelength of 546 nm, two EPR singlets were observed, which were assigned to C70 mono- and di-anion. In the photochemical and cathodic in situ reductions, identical EPR spectra of anion radicals were obtained. C70 mono-anion was investigated also in frozen 1,2-dichlorobenzene solutions within the temperature range from 110 to 210 K, and at 110 K the anisotropic EPR spectrum of C70 mono-anion was simulated assuming an axially symmetric g-matrix with gparallel - gperpendicular = 0.00165.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Brezová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Slovak Technical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Fukuzumi S, Mori H, Suenobu T, Imahori H, Gao X, Kadish KM. Effects of Lowering Symmetry on the ESR Spectra of Radical Anions of Fullerene Derivatives and the Reduction Potentials. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002375c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641
| | - Hisahiro Mori
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641
| | - Tomoyoshi Suenobu
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641
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Dimethyl azo(bisisobutyrate) and C(60) produce 1,4- and 1, 16-Di(2-carbomethoxy-2-propyl)-1,x-dihydro. J Org Chem 2000; 65:5780-4. [PMID: 10970324 DOI: 10.1021/jo000686d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermal decomposition of dimethyl azo(bisisobutyrate) in a solution containing C(60) produced 1,4- and 1, 16-di(2-carbomethoxy-2-propyl)-1,x-dihydro[60]fullerenes in yields of 21% and 27%, respectively, based on reacted C(60). The structure of this first 1,16-dialkyl-1,16-dihydro[60]fullerene was assigned from (13)C 2D INADEQUATE NMR spectra. The 1,16-isomer has first and second electrochemical reduction potentials shifted positively by 0. 18 V relative to those of the 1,4-isomer. From the close similarity of all spectral, chromatographic, and electrochemical data, the previously unassigned isomer of 1,x-di(2-cyano-2-propyl)-1, x-dihydro[60]fullerene, which was obtained from azo(bisisobutyronitrile) and C(60), is also a 1,16-isomer.
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Bond AM, Miao W, Raston CL, Sandoval CA. Electrochemical, EPR, and Magnetic Studies on Microcrystals of the [C60⊂(p-Benzyl-calix[5]arene)2]•8Toluene and Its One-Electron-Reduced Encapsulation Complex. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0017442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan M. Bond
- Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wujian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Colin L. Raston
- Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Fässler T, Hoffmann R, Hoffmann S, Wörle M. Tripeldeckerartige Koordination eines Fulleren-Trianions in [K([18]krone-6)]3[η6,η6-C60](η3-C6H5CH3)2 – Einkristall-Strukturbestimmung und magnetische Eigenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20000616)112:12<2170::aid-ange2170>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Takekuma SI, Takekuma H, Matsumoto T, Yoshida ZI. A highly efficient generation of γ-cyclodextrin-bicapped C601− in aqueous solution. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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45
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Alkali-metal fullerides MC60 (THF)x (M=Li, Na, K): a new solution-phase method for the preparation and characterization with ESR, UV–NIR and IR spectroscopy. J Organomet Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(99)00755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Kadish KM, Gao X, Caemelbecke EV, Suenobu T, Fukuzumi S. Effect of Addition Pattern on the Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Properties of Neutral and Reduced 1,2- and 1,4-(C6H5CH2)2C60 Isomers. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993708c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eric Van Caemelbecke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Suenobu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Shohoji MCBL, Franco MLTMB, Lazana MCRLR, Nakazawa S, Sato K, Shiomi D, Takui T. Electronic Quartet and Triplet States of Polyanionic C60 Fullerene and Their Anomalous Spin Relaxation As Studied by cw-ESR/2D-Electron Spin Transient Nutation Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja993866h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Cândida B. L. Shohoji
- Department of Chemistry, Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1096 Lisboa Codex, Portugal Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - M. Luisa T. M. B. Franco
- Department of Chemistry, Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1096 Lisboa Codex, Portugal Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - M. Celina R. L. R. Lazana
- Department of Chemistry, Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1096 Lisboa Codex, Portugal Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Nakazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1096 Lisboa Codex, Portugal Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1096 Lisboa Codex, Portugal Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department of Chemistry, Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1096 Lisboa Codex, Portugal Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry, Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1096 Lisboa Codex, Portugal Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Reed
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
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49
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Takekuma SI, Takekuma H, Matsumoto T, Yoshida ZI. Influence of metal complexes on the formation of γ-cyclodextrin-bicapped C60n− (n: 1 and 2) in aqueous solution. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)02229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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50
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Pinhal NM, Vugman NV, Herbst MH, Dias GHM. ESE Studies of Pristine Paramagnetic Species of C60 Powder Samples. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9933572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson M. Pinhal
- Instituto de Fisica-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-Brazil, Caixa-Postal 68528, CEP: 21945-970, and Instituto de Quimica-Unicamp, Campinas, SP-Brazil, Caixa-Postal 6154, CEP: 13083-970
| | - Ney V. Vugman
- Instituto de Fisica-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-Brazil, Caixa-Postal 68528, CEP: 21945-970, and Instituto de Quimica-Unicamp, Campinas, SP-Brazil, Caixa-Postal 6154, CEP: 13083-970
| | - Marcelo H. Herbst
- Instituto de Fisica-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-Brazil, Caixa-Postal 68528, CEP: 21945-970, and Instituto de Quimica-Unicamp, Campinas, SP-Brazil, Caixa-Postal 6154, CEP: 13083-970
| | - Gilson H. M. Dias
- Instituto de Fisica-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-Brazil, Caixa-Postal 68528, CEP: 21945-970, and Instituto de Quimica-Unicamp, Campinas, SP-Brazil, Caixa-Postal 6154, CEP: 13083-970
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