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Xu T, Yin X, Zhai C, Chen D, Yang X, Hu S, Hu K, Shang Y, Dong J, Yao Z, Li Q, Wang P, Liu R, Yao M, Liu B. Realizing long range π-conjugation in phenanthrene and phenanthrene-based molecular crystals for anomalous piezoluminescence. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11629-11637. [PMID: 37920334 PMCID: PMC10619545 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04006b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike the known aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) that the enhancement of π-π interactions in rigid organic molecules usually decreases the luminescent emission, here we show that an intermolecular "head-to-head" π-π interaction in the phenanthrene crystal, forming the so-called "transannular effect", could result in a higher degree of electron delocalization and thus photoluminescent emission enhancement. Such a transannular effect is molecular configuration and stacking dependent, which is absent in the isomers of phenanthrene but can be realized again in the designed phenanthrene-based cocrystals. The transannular effect becomes more significant upon compression and causes anomalous piezoluminescent enhancement in the crystals. Our findings thus provide new insights into the effects of π-π interactions on luminescence emission and also offer new pathways for designing efficient aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials to advance their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongge Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Xiu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Chunguang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Desi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Shuhe Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Kuo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Yuchen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Jiajun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Zhen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Quanjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Mingguang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
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2
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Yan W, Bhuiyan FH, Tang C, Wei L, Jiang Y, Jang S, Liu Y, Wu J, Wang W, Wang Y, Martini A, Qian L, Kim SH, Chen L. Understanding and Preventing Lubrication Failure at the Carbon Atomic Steps. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301515. [PMID: 37162454 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) lamellar materials are normally capable of rendering super-low friction, wear protection, and adhesion reduction in nanoscale due to their ultralow shear strength between two basal plane surfaces. However, high friction at step edges prevents the 2D materials from achieving super-low friction in macroscale applications and eventually leads to failure of lubrication performance. Here, taking graphene as an example, the authors report that not all step edges are detrimental. The armchair (AC) step edges are found to have only a minor topographic effect on friction, while the zigzag (ZZ) edges cause friction two orders of magnitude larger than the basal plane. The AC step edge is less reactive and thus more durable. However, the ZZ structure prevails when step edges are produced mechanically, for example, through mechanical exfoliation or grinding of graphite. The authors found a way to make the high-friction ZZ edge superlubricious by reconstructing the (6,6) hexagon structure to the (5,7) azulene-like structure through thermal annealing in an inert gas environment. This will facilitate the realization of graphene-based superlubricity over a wide range of industrial applications in which avoiding the involvement of step edges is difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmeng Yan
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Fakhrul H Bhuiyan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Chuan Tang
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Wei
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilong Jiang
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Seokhoon Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yangqin Liu
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Ashlie Martini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Linmao Qian
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Seong H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
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3
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Takahashi S, Sekiya R, Haino T. Computational Studies on the Structures of Nanographenes with Various Edge Functionalities. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200465. [PMID: 36377417 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies have often been carried out on hydrogen-terminated nanographenes (NGs). These structures are, however, far from those deduced from experimental observations, which have suggested armchair edges with two carboxy groups on the edges as dominant. We conducted computational studies on NGs consisting of C42 , C60 , C78 , C96 , C142 , and C174 carbon atoms with hydrogen, carboxy, and N-methyl imide-terminated armchair edges. DFT calculations inform distorted basal planes and similar HOMO-LUMO gaps, indicating that the edge oxidation and functionalization do not very influence the electronic structure. Comparison of observed UV-vis spectra of carboxy- and N-octadecyl chain terminated NGs with calculated spectra of model NGs informs the contribution of π-π* transitions on the basal plane to the absorptions in the visible region. A dimeric structure of NG and octadecyl-installed NG demonstrate that both the distorted basal planes and the steric contacts among the functional groups widen the surface-to-surface distance thereby allowing the invasion of solvent molecules between the surfaces. This picture is consistent with the improved solubility of edge-modified NGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.,International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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4
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An epitaxial graphene platform for zero-energy edge state nanoelectronics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7814. [PMID: 36535919 PMCID: PMC9763431 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene's original promise to succeed silicon faltered due to pervasive edge disorder in lithographically patterned deposited graphene and the lack of a new electronics paradigm. Here we demonstrate that the annealed edges in conventionally patterned graphene epitaxially grown on a silicon carbide substrate (epigraphene) are stabilized by the substrate and support a protected edge state. The edge state has a mean free path that is greater than 50 microns, 5000 times greater than the bulk states and involves a theoretically unexpected Majorana-like zero-energy non-degenerate quasiparticle that does not produce a Hall voltage. In seamless integrated structures, the edge state forms a zero-energy one-dimensional ballistic network with essentially dissipationless nodes at ribbon-ribbon junctions. Seamless device structures offer a variety of switching possibilities including quantum coherent devices at low temperatures. This makes epigraphene a technologically viable graphene nanoelectronics platform that has the potential to succeed silicon nanoelectronics.
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5
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Govardhan S, Roy S, Prabhu S, Siddiqui MK. Computation of Neighborhood M-Polynomial of Three Classes of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Govardhan
- Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - S. Roy
- Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - S. Prabhu
- Department of Mathematics, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, India
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6
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Sekiya R, Haino T. Integration of Nanographenes and Organic Chemistry - Toward Nanographene-based Two-Dimensional Materials. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200311. [PMID: 35650010 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and its relatives have received considerable attention from the fields of physics and chemistry since the isolation of pristine graphene sheets. Nanographenes (NGs) are graphene fragments that are a few to tens of nanometers in diameter. Compared to graphene and its relatives, such as graphene oxides, NGs can be handled more easily, and their large π surface and oxygen functional groups on the edge allow postsynthetic modifications. The study of NGs is gradually shifting from the development of synthetic procedures to postsynthetic modification. From the structural point of view, NGs can be regarded as two-dimensional carbon polymers. Their unique structures and affinity for organic molecules make NGs excellent scaffolds for two-dimensional materials, which are now an important topic in organic and polymer chemistry. In this conceptual article, we introduce the position of NGs from the perspective of two-dimensional substances and briefly summarize both the structural features of NGs and the effects of functionalization on their physical properties. These are valuable when producing reasonable strategies for their postsynthetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sekiya
- Hiroshima Daigaku - Higashihiroshima Campus: Hiroshima Daigaku, chemistry, JAPAN
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Hiroshima Daigaku - Higashihiroshima Campus: Hiroshima Daigaku, Department of Chemistry, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, 739-8526, Higashi-Hiroshima, JAPAN
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7
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Saravanan B, Prabhu S, Arulperumjothi M, Julietraja K, Siddiqui MK. Molecular Structural Characterization of Supercorenene and Triangle-Shaped Discotic Graphene. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2039224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Saravanan
- Department of Mathematics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, India
| | - Savari Prabhu
- Department of Mathematics, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, India
| | - M. Arulperumjothi
- Department of Mathematics, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, India
| | - K. Julietraja
- Department of Mathematics, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, India
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8
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Guo L, Wang J, Luo J, Shi Q, Wei D, Chen X. Prediction on chemoselectivity for selected organocatalytic reactions by the DFT version of the Hückel-defined free valence index. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01118b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The DFT version of the Hückel-defined free valence (HFV) index has been suggested and successfully used for predicting the origin of chemoselectivity in the selected organocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Guo
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Luo
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
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9
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Sekiya R, Haino T. Nanographene - A Scaffold of Two-Dimensional Materials. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100257. [PMID: 34962042 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Substances can be divided into 0D to 3D species based on the number of repeating units (atom, ion, and molecule) and their arrangements in space (point, linear, layer, and solid). Discrete substances belong to 0D species, polymers are examples of 1D species, and molecular crystals are 3D species. Most of the substances belong to one of these species. On the other hand, those categorized into 2D species wherein the repeating units organize a layer are less explored. 2D species have a surface and edges. The incorporation of these structural features into a molecular design can realize multifunctionalized systems that are difficult to achieve by conventional organic synthesis. The development of 2D species is, therefore, the frontier of organic, inorganic, and polymer chemistry. Nanographenes (NGs) are suitable scaffolds for realizing 2D species due to several factors, such as chemical stability and oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface and on the edge, allowing postsynthetic modifications. Our group has utilized NGs with tens of nanometers in diameters for developing 2D species. Carboxy groups on the edge enable us to install various substituents into NGs, offering NG-based functional materials. These studies demonstrate that the integration of NGs with organic chemistry can widen the scope of their applications other than optical materials that are a main application of NGs. We introduce our recent studies on the development of NG-based functional materials realized by postsynthetic modifications. We hope that this account will contribute to the development of the chemistry of 2D species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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10
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The Density Functional Theory Account of Interplaying Long-Range Exchange and Dispersion Effects in Supramolecular Assemblies of Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Spin. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010045. [PMID: 35011275 PMCID: PMC8746733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic hydrocarbons with fused benzene rings and regular triangular shapes, called n-triangulenes according to the number of rings on one edge, form groundstates with n-1 unpaired spins because of topological reasons. Here, we focus on methodological aspects emerging from the density functional theory (DFT) treatments of dimer models of the n = 2 triangulene (called also phenalenyl), observing that it poses interesting new problems to the issue of long-range corrections. Namely, the interaction comprises simultaneous spincoupling and van der Waals effects, i.e., a technical conjuncture not considered explicitly in the benchmarks calibrating long-range corrections for the DFT account of supramolecular systems. The academic side of considering dimer models for calculations and related analysis is well mirrored in experimental aspects, and synthetic literature revealed many compounds consisting of stacked phenalenyl cores, with intriguing properties, assignable to their long-range spin coupling. Thus, one may speculate that a thorough study assessing the performance of state-of-the-art DFT procedures has relevance for potential applications in spintronics based on organic compounds.
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11
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Herperger KR, Krumland J, Cocchi C. Laser-Induced Electronic and Vibronic Dynamics in the Pyrene Molecule and Its Cation. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9619-9631. [PMID: 34714646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pyrene is widely used as an optical probe thanks to its peculiar ultraviolet absorption and infrared emission features. Interestingly, this molecule is also an abundant component of the interstellar medium, where it is detected via its unique spectral fingerprints. In this work, we present a comprehensive first-principles study on the electronic and vibrational response of pyrene and its cation to ultrafast, coherent pulses in resonance with their optically active excitations in the ultraviolet region. The analysis of molecular symmetries, electronic structure, and linear optical spectra is used to interpret transient absorption spectra and kinetic energy spectral densities computed for the systems excited by ultrashort laser fields. By disentangling the effects of the electronic and vibrational dynamics via ad hoc simulations with stationary and moving ions, and, in specific cases, with the aid of auxiliary model systems, we rationalize that the nuclear motion is mainly harmonic in the neutral species, while strong anharmonic oscillations emerge in the cation, driven by electronic coherence. Our results provide additional insights into the ultrafast vibronic dynamics of pyrene and related compounds and set the stage for future investigations on more complex carbon-conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Herperger
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada.,Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jannis Krumland
- Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caterina Cocchi
- Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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12
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Sekiya R, Haino T. Chemical Modification of Nanographenes and Their Functions. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2021. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University
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13
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Yang CC, Zheng XL, Tian WQ, Li WQ, Yang L. Tuning the edge states in X-type carbon based molecules for applications in nonlinear optics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:7713-7722. [PMID: 34909807 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00383f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel carbon based "X-type" graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with azulenes were designed for applications in nonlinear optics in the present work, and the second order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of those X-type GNRs were predicted using the sum-over-states (SOS) model. The GNRs with edge states are feasibly polarized. The effects of zigzag edges on the NLO properties of GNRs are scrutinized by passivation, and the electronic structures of GNRs are modulated with heteroatoms at the zigzag edges for improved stability and NLO properties. Those nanomaterials were further functionalized with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups (NH2/NO2) to enhance the NLO responses, and the connection of those functional groups at the azulene ends play a determinant role in the enhancement of the NLO properties of those X-type nanoribbons, e.g., the static first hyperpolarizability (〈β0〉) changes from -783.23 × 10-30 esu to -1421.98 × 10-30 esu. The mechanism of such an enhancement has been investigated. Through two-dimensional second order NLO spectra simulations, particularly besides the strong electro-optical Pockels effect and optical rectification responses, strong electronic sum frequency generations and difference frequency generations are observed in those GNRs. The strong second order NLO responses of those GNRs in the visible light region bring about potential applications of these carbon nanomaterials in nonlinear nanophotonic devices and biological nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Huxi Campus, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Xue-Lian Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Huxi Campus, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Quan Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Huxi Campus, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Wei-Qi Li
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Institute of Theoretical and Simulational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
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14
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Rakhi R, Suresh CH. Optoelectronic Properties of Polycyclic Benzenoid Hydrocarbons of Various Sizes and Shapes for Donor‐π‐Acceptor Systems: A DFT Study. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Rakhi
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Cherumuttathu H. Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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15
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Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs) have recently emerged as new carbon materials. Their nanoscale size results in a size-dependent quantum confinement effect, opening the band gap by a few eV. This energy gap allows NGs to be applied as optical materials. This property has attracted researchers across multiple scientific fields. The photophysical properties of NGs can be manipulated by introducing organic groups onto their basal planes and/or into their edges. In addition, the integration of organic functional groups into NGs results in NG-based hybrid materials. These features make the post-synthetic modification of NGs an active research area. As obtainable information on chemically functionalized NGs is limited owing to their nonstoichiometry and structural uncertainty, their structural characterization requires a combination of multiple spectroscopic methods. Therefore, information on the characterization procedures of recently published chemically functionalized NGs is of value for advancing the field of NG-based hybrid materials. The present review focuses on the structural characterization of chemically functionalized NGs. It is hoped that this review will help to advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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16
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Sekiya R, Haino T. Chemically Functionalized Two-Dimensional Carbon Materials. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2316-2328. [PMID: 32128984 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs), also known as graphene quantum dots, have recently been developed as nanoscale graphene fragments. These nanocarbon species can be excited with UV light and emit light from the UV-to-visible region. This photoemission has received great attraction across multiple scientific fields. NGs can be produced by cutting off carbon sources or fusing small organic molecules to grow graphitic structures. Furthermore, the organic synthesis of NGs has been intensely studied. Recently, the number of research papers on postsynthetic modification of NGs has gradually increased. Installed organic groups can tune the properties of NGs and provide new functionalities, opening the door for the development of sophisticated carbon-based functional materials. This review sheds light on recent progress in the postsynthetic modification of NGs and provides a brief summary of their production methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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17
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Xiang Q, Guo J, Xu J, Ding S, Li Z, Li G, Phan H, Gu Y, Dang Y, Xu Z, Gong Z, Hu W, Zeng Z, Wu J, Sun Z. Stable Olympicenyl Radicals and Their π-Dimers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11022-11031. [PMID: 32456437 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An olympicenyl radical, a spin 1/2 hydrocarbon radical with C2v symmetry and uneven spin distribution, remains elusive despite the considerable theoretical research interest. Herein, we report syntheses of two air-stable olympicenyl radical derivatives, OR1 and OR2, with half-life times (τ1/2) in air-saturated solution of 7 days and 34 days. The high stability was ascribed to kinetic blocking of reactive sites with high spin densities. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed unique 20-center-2-electron head-to-tail π-dimer structures with intermolecular distances shorter than the sum of van der Waals radius of carbon. The ground state of the π-dimers was found to be singlet, with singlet-triplet energy gaps estimated to be -2.34 kcal/mol and -3.28 kcal/mol for OR1 and OR2, respectively, by variable-temperature electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The monomeric radical species were in equilibrium with the π-dimer in solution, and the optical and electrochemical properties of the monomers and π-dimers in solution were investigated by UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, revealing a concentration-dependent nature. Theoretical calculations illustrated that upon formation of a π-dimer the local aromaticity of each monomer was enhanced, and spatial ring current between the monomers was present, which resulted in an increment of aromaticity of the interior of the π-dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuaishuai Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Educational Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yanwei Gu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhanqiang Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zongcheng Gong
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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18
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Xu X, Müllen K, Narita A. Syntheses and Characterizations of Functional Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Graphene Nanoribbons. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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19
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Chen Q, Dwyer C, Sheng G, Zhu C, Li X, Zheng C, Zhu Y. Imaging Beam-Sensitive Materials by Electron Microscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907619. [PMID: 32108394 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Electron microscopy allows the extraction of multidimensional spatiotemporally correlated structural information of diverse materials down to atomic resolution, which is essential for figuring out their structure-property relationships. Unfortunately, the high-energy electrons that carry this important information can cause damage by modulating the structures of the materials. This has become a significant problem concerning the recent boost in materials science applications of a wide range of beam-sensitive materials, including metal-organic frameworks, covalent-organic frameworks, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, 2D materials, and zeolites. To this end, developing electron microscopy techniques that minimize the electron beam damage for the extraction of intrinsic structural information turns out to be a compelling but challenging need. This article provides a comprehensive review on the revolutionary strategies toward the electron microscopic imaging of beam-sensitive materials and associated materials science discoveries, based on the principles of electron-matter interaction and mechanisms of electron beam damage. Finally, perspectives and future trends in this field are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Chen
- Center for Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Christian Dwyer
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1504, USA
| | - Guan Sheng
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chongzhi Zhu
- Center for Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiaonian Li
- Center for Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Changlin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yihan Zhu
- Center for Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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20
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21
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Yamato K, Sekiya R, Nishitani S, Haino T. Intrinsic Emission from Nanographenes. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3213-3220. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kairi Yamato
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceHiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceHiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Shohei Nishitani
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceHiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceHiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
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22
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23
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Yamato K, Sekiya R, Abe M, Haino T. Separation of Spectroscopically Uniform Nanographenes. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1786-1791. [PMID: 30507036 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Excitation-dependent photoluminescence (PL) is a well-known property of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). For the development of carbon-based photofunctional materials, GQDs possessing uniform PL properties are in high demand. A protocol has been established to separate spectroscopically uniform lipophilic GQD-1 a from a mixture of GQD-1 mainly composed of GQD-1 a and GQD-1 b. The mixture of GQD-1 was synthesized through the reaction of p-methoxybenzylamine with GQD-2 prepared from graphite by common oxidative exfoliation. Size-exclusion chromatography gave rise to GQD-1 a and GQD-1 b, with diameters of 19.8 and 4.9 nm, respectively. Large GQD-1 a showed that the PL was fairly independent of the excitation wavelengths, whereas the PL of small GQD-1 b was dependent on excitation. The excitation-dependent nature is most likely to be associated with the structures of sp2 domains on the graphene surfaces. The large sp2 -conjugated surface of GQD-1 a is likely to possess well-developed and large sp2 domains, the band gaps of which do not significantly vary. The small sp2 -conjugated surface of GQD-1 b produces small sp2 -conjugated domains that generate band gaps differing with domain sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairi Yamato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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24
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Matsumoto I, Sekiya R, Haino T. A protocol for size separation of nanographenes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:33843-33846. [PMID: 35528926 PMCID: PMC9073626 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07528c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Top-down methods are convenient preparative methods for nanographenes, although the products consist of graphene fragments with a broad size distribution. We show that a combination of dialysis membranes (50, 25, 15, 8, and 2 kD) can conveniently separate nanographenes into five size distributions. The separated nanographenes can be employed as starting materials for carbon-based functional materials. Top-down methods are convenient preparative methods for nanographenes, although the products consist of graphene fragments with a broad size distribution. We developed a simple protocol for size separation of nanographenes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Hiroshima 739-8526
- Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Hiroshima 739-8526
- Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Hiroshima 739-8526
- Japan
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25
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Tuček J, Błoński P, Ugolotti J, Swain AK, Enoki T, Zbořil R. Emerging chemical strategies for imprinting magnetism in graphene and related 2D materials for spintronic and biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:3899-3990. [PMID: 29578212 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00288b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Graphene, a single two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms with an arrangement mimicking the honeycomb hexagonal architecture, has captured immense interest of the scientific community since its isolation in 2004. Besides its extraordinarily high electrical conductivity and surface area, graphene shows a long spin lifetime and limited hyperfine interactions, which favors its potential exploitation in spintronic and biomedical applications, provided it can be made magnetic. However, pristine graphene is diamagnetic in nature due to solely sp2 hybridization. Thus, various attempts have been proposed to imprint magnetic features into graphene. The present review focuses on a systematic classification and physicochemical description of approaches leading to equip graphene with magnetic properties. These include introduction of point and line defects into graphene lattices, spatial confinement and edge engineering, doping of graphene lattice with foreign atoms, and sp3 functionalization. Each magnetism-imprinting strategy is discussed in detail including identification of roles of various internal and external parameters in the induced magnetic regimes, with assessment of their robustness. Moreover, emergence of magnetism in graphene analogues and related 2D materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides, metal halides, metal dinitrides, MXenes, hexagonal boron nitride, and other organic compounds is also reviewed. Since the magnetic features of graphene can be readily masked by the presence of magnetic residues from synthesis itself or sample handling, the issue of magnetic impurities and correct data interpretations is also addressed. Finally, current problems and challenges in magnetism of graphene and related 2D materials and future potential applications are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Tuček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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26
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Dai Y, Liu Y, Ding K, Yang J. A short review of nanographenes: structures, properties and applications. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1433881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Dai
- School of Physics Science & Technology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for NSLSCS, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Physics Science & Technology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for NSLSCS, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Ding
- School of Physics Science & Technology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for NSLSCS, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory For Physical Sciences At Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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27
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Nellist MR, Chen Y, Mark A, Gödrich S, Stelling C, Jiang J, Poddar R, Li C, Kumar R, Papastavrou G, Retsch M, Brunschwig BS, Huang Z, Xiang C, Boettcher SW. Atomic force microscopy with nanoelectrode tips for high resolution electrochemical, nanoadhesion and nanoelectrical imaging. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:095711. [PMID: 28139467 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa5839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal nano-imaging in electrochemical environments is important across many areas of science and technology. Here, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) using an atomic force microscope (AFM) platform with a nanoelectrode probe is reported. In combination with PeakForce tapping AFM mode, the simultaneous characterization of surface topography, quantitative nanomechanics, nanoelectronic properties, and electrochemical activity is demonstrated. The nanoelectrode probe is coated with dielectric materials and has an exposed conical Pt tip apex of ∼200 nm in height and of ∼25 nm in end-tip radius. These characteristic dimensions permit sub-100 nm spatial resolution for electrochemical imaging. With this nanoelectrode probe we have extended AFM-based nanoelectrical measurements to liquid environments. Experimental data and numerical simulations are used to understand the response of the nanoelectrode probe. With PeakForce SECM, we successfully characterized a surface defect on a highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite electrode showing correlated topographical, electrochemical and nanomechanical information at the highest AFM-SECM resolution. The SECM nanoelectrode also enabled the measurement of heterogeneous electrical conductivity of electrode surfaces in liquid. These studies extend the basic understanding of heterogeneity on graphite/graphene surfaces for electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Nellist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
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28
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Ziatdinov M, Lim H, Fujii S, Kusakabe K, Kiguchi M, Enoki T, Kim Y. Chemically induced topological zero mode at graphene armchair edges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:5145-5154. [PMID: 28140409 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08352h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electronic and magnetic properties of chemically modified graphene armchair edges are studied using a combination of tight-binding calculations, first-principles modelling, and low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments. The atomically resolved STM images of the hydrogen etched graphitic edges suggest the presence of localized states at the Fermi level for certain armchair edges. We demonstrate theoretically that the topological zero-energy edge mode may emerge at armchair boundaries with asymmetrical chemical termination of the two outermost atoms in the unit cell. We particularly focus our attention on armchair edges terminated by various combinations of the hydrogen (H, H2) and methylene (CH2) groups. The inclusion of the spin component in our calculations reveals the appearance of π-electron-based magnetism at the armchair edges under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ziatdinov
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - H Lim
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - K Kusakabe
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - M Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - T Enoki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Y Kim
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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29
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Adkins EM, Miller JH. Towards a taxonomy of topology for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons: linking electronic and molecular structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:28458-28469. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06048c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Trends linking topology of PAH to their electronic properties are reported, evaluating how HOMO–LUMO gap depends on structure and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Adkins
- Department of Chemistry George Washington University 800 22nd St
- Washington
- USA
| | - J. Houston Miller
- Department of Chemistry George Washington University 800 22nd St
- Washington
- USA
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30
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Nanographenes and Graphene Nanoribbons with Zigzag-Edged Structures. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2017_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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31
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Chung HC, Chang CP, Lin CY, Lin MF. Electronic and optical properties of graphene nanoribbons in external fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7573-616. [PMID: 26744847 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06533j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A review work is done for the electronic and optical properties of graphene nanoribbons in magnetic, electric, composite, and modulated fields. Effects due to the lateral confinement, curvature, stacking, non-uniform subsystems and hybrid structures are taken into account. The special electronic properties, induced by complex competitions between external fields and geometric structures, include many one-dimensional parabolic subbands, standing waves, peculiar edge-localized states, width- and field-dependent energy gaps, magnetic-quantized quasi-Landau levels, curvature-induced oscillating Landau subbands, crossings and anti-crossings of quasi-Landau levels, coexistence and combination of energy spectra in layered structures, and various peak structures in the density of states. There exist diverse absorption spectra and different selection rules, covering edge-dependent selection rules, magneto-optical selection rule, splitting of the Landau absorption peaks, intragroup and intergroup Landau transitions, as well as coexistence of monolayer-like and bilayer-like Landau absorption spectra. Detailed comparisons are made between the theoretical calculations and experimental measurements. The predicted results, the parabolic subbands, edge-localized states, gap opening and modulation, and spatial distribution of Landau subbands, have been identified by various experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Ching Chung
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. and Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology (CMNST), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Peng Chang
- Center for General Education, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Yan Lin
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Fa Lin
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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32
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Yeh CN, Chai JD. Role of Kekulé and Non-Kekulé Structures in the Radical Character of Alternant Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A TAO-DFT Study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30562. [PMID: 27457289 PMCID: PMC4960612 DOI: 10.1038/srep30562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the role of Kekulé and non-Kekulé structures in the radical character of alternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using thermally-assisted-occupation density functional theory (TAO-DFT), an efficient electronic structure method for the study of large ground-state systems with strong static correlation effects. Our results reveal that the studies of Kekulé and non-Kekulé structures qualitatively describe the radical character of alternant PAHs, which could be useful when electronic structure calculations are infeasible due to the expensive computational cost. In addition, our results support previous findings on the increase in radical character with increasing system size. For alternant PAHs with the same number of aromatic rings, the geometrical arrangements of aromatic rings are responsible for their radical character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Nan Yeh
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Da Chai
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Center for Theoretical Sciences and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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33
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Park SH, Kwon S. Modeling angle-resolved photoemission of graphene and black phosphorus nano structures. Sci Data 2016; 3:160031. [PMID: 27164313 PMCID: PMC4862321 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) data on electronic structure are difficult to interpret, because various factors such as atomic structure and experimental setup influence the quantum mechanical effects during the measurement. Therefore, we simulated ARPES of nano-sized molecules to corroborate the interpretation of experimental results. Applying the independent atomic-center approximation, we used density functional theory calculations and custom-made simulation code to compute photoelectron intensity in given experimental setups for every atomic orbital in poly-aromatic hydrocarbons of various size, and in a molecule of black phosphorus. The simulation results were validated by comparing them to experimental ARPES for highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite. This database provides the calculation method and every file used during the work flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Han Park
- Beamline Division Group of PAL-XFEL Project Headquarters, Pohang university of science and technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Soonnam Kwon
- Beamline Division Group of PAL-XFEL Project Headquarters, Pohang university of science and technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Korea
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34
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Nishina N, Makino M, Aihara JI. Aromatic Character of Irregular-Shaped Nanographenes. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2431-42. [PMID: 27030605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We found that the Clar sextet formula with the maximum number of sextet rings cannot always be defined meaningfully for large irregular-shaped PAHs. It is true that edge structure is always a primary determinant of the PAH aromaticity pattern. In large PAH molecules, every edge structure modifies the aromaticity pattern near the edge, but its influence fades on going away from the edge. It follows that different textures of the aromaticity pattern appear near different edges. As a result, the entire aromaticity pattern does not always match with a single Clar formula or a single weighted superposed Clar formula. Such an unusual feature of aromaticity patterns could not have been observed distinctly if we had not explored the aromaticity patterns of large irregular-shaped PAH molecules systematically. We used the superaromatic stabilization energy (SSE) as a local aromaticity index, which is the only index of this kind not disturbed by the aromaticity of adjacent benzene rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Nishina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University , Oya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masakazu Makino
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Aihara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University , Oya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.,Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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35
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Kwon S, Choi WK. Understanding the Unique Electronic Properties of Nano Structures Using Photoemission Theory. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17834. [PMID: 26634647 PMCID: PMC4669468 DOI: 10.1038/srep17834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly emerging experimental techniques such as nano-ARPES are expected to provide an opportunity to measure the electronic properties of nano-materials directly. However, the interpretation of the spectra is not simple because it must consider quantum mechanical effects related to the measurement process itself. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach that can overcome this problem by using an adequate simulation to corroborate the experimental results. Ab initio calculation on arbitrarily-shaped or chemically ornamented nano-structures is elaborately correlated to photoemission theory. This correlation can be directly exploited to interpret the experimental results. To test this method, a direct comparison was made between the calculation results and experimental results on highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). As a general extension, the unique electronic structures of nano-sized graphene oxide and features from the experimental result of black phosphorous (BP) are disclosed for the first time as supportive evidence of the usefulness of this method. This work pioneers an approach to intuitive and practical understanding of the electronic properties of nano-materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonnam Kwon
- Beamline Division Group of PAL-XFEL Project Headquarters, Pohang university of science and technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea 790-784
| | - Won Kook Choi
- Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Sungbuk Gu, Seoul, Korea 136-791
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36
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Fujii S, Ziatdinov M, Ohtsuka M, Kusakabe K, Kiguchi M, Enoki T. Role of edge geometry and chemistry in the electronic properties of graphene nanostructures. Faraday Discuss 2015; 173:173-99. [PMID: 25466581 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00073k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The geometry and chemistry of graphene nanostructures significantly affects their electronic properties. Despite a large number of experimental and theoretical studies dealing with the geometrical shape-dependent electronic properties of graphene nanostructures, experimental characterisation of their chemistry is clearly lacking. This is mostly due to the difficulties in preparing chemically-modified graphene nanostructures in a controlled manner and in identifying the exact chemistry of the graphene nanostructure on the atomic scale. Herein, we present scanning probe microscopic and first-principles characterisation of graphene nanostructures with different edge geometries and chemistry. Using the results of atomic scale electronic characterisation and theoretical simulation, we discuss the role of the edge geometry and chemistry on the electronic properties of graphene nanostructures with hydrogenated and oxidised linear edges at graphene boundaries and the internal edges of graphene vacancy defects. Atomic-scale details of the chemical composition have a strong impact on the electronic properties of graphene nanostructures, i.e., the presence or absence of non-bonding π states and the degree of resonance stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
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Hu W, Lin L, Yang C, Yang J. Electronic structure and aromaticity of large-scale hexagonal graphene nanoflakes. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:214704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4902806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Chao Yang
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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38
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Cocchi C, Prezzi D, Ruini A, Caldas MJ, Molinari E. Anisotropy and size effects on the optical spectra of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:6507-13. [PMID: 24984100 DOI: 10.1021/jp503054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The electronic and optical properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present a strong dependence on their size and geometry. We tackle this issue by analyzing the spectral features of two prototypical classes of PAHs, belonging to D6h and D2h symmetry point groups and related to coronene as multifunctional seed. While the size variation induces an overall red shift of the spectra and a redistribution of the oscillator strength between the main peaks, a lower molecular symmetry is responsible for the appearance of new optical features. Along with broken molecular orbital degeneracies, optical peaks split and dark states are activated in the low-energy part of the spectrum. Supported by a systematic analysis of the composition and the character of the optical transitions, our results contribute in shedding light to the mechanisms responsible for spectral modifications in the visible and near UV absorption bands of medium-size PAHs.
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Sakamoto K, Nishina N, Enoki T, Aihara JI. Aromatic Character of Nanographene Model Compounds. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3014-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5017032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenkichi Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Shizuoka University, Oya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Naoko Nishina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Shizuoka University, Oya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Enoki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Aihara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Shizuoka University, Oya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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40
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Hao SJ, Joly VLJ, Kaneko S, Takashiro JI, Takai K, Hayashi H, Enoki T, Kiguchi M. Magnetic edge-states in nanographene, HNO3-doped nanographene and its residue compounds of nanographene-based nanoporous carbon. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:6273-82. [PMID: 24569838 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00199k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the magnetic and electronic properties of nanographene and its charge transfer effect, using near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), magnetic susceptibility and ESR measurements, and elemental analysis, with the employment of nanoporous carbon, which consists of a three dimensional disordered network of loosely stacked nanographene sheets, in relation to the host-guest interaction with HNO3 as the electron-accepting guest. The adsorption of electron acceptor HNO3 decreases the intensity of the edge state peak in NEXAFS as a result of the charge-transfer-induced Fermi energy downshift, in agreement with the decrease in the edge-state spin concentration, and it also induces the structural expansion, which makes the inter-nanographene sheet distance elongated, resulting in weakening of the inter-nanographene-sheet antiferromagnetic interaction as evidenced by the decrease in the Weiss temperature. In addition, the decomposition of HNO3, which takes place with the electron-rich edge state as an oxidation catalyst, results in the creation of oxygen/nitrogen-containing functional groups bonded to the periphery of the nanographene sheets. Heat-treatment of the HNO3-ACFs under evacuation desorbs the HNO3 molecules completely, though a part of the oxygen/nitrogen-containing species remains strongly bonded to the edge even at a high temperature of ∼800 °C, according to NEXAFS and elemental analysis results. These remaining species participate in the charge transfer, modifying the electronic structure as observed with the decrease in the orbital susceptibility and the strengthening of the inter-nanographene-sheet antiferromagnetic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
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41
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Frerichs H, Tappe M, Wagner HG. Comparison of the Reactions of Mono- and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Oxygen Atoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.199000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Fujii S, Enoki T. Nanographene and graphene edges: electronic structure and nanofabrication. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:2202-10. [PMID: 24383129 DOI: 10.1021/ar300120y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene can be referred to as an infinite polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) consisting of an infinite number of benzene rings fused together. However, at the nanoscale, nanographene's properties lie in between those of bulk graphene and large PAH molecules, and its electronic properties depend on the influence of the edges, which disrupt the infinite π-electron system. The resulting modulation of the electronic states depends on whether the nanographene edge is the armchair or zigzag type, corresponding to the two fundamental crystal axes. In this Account, we report the results of fabricating both types of edges in the nanographene system and characterizing their electronic properties using a scanning probe microscope. We first introduce the theoretical background to understand the two types of finite size effects on the electronic states of nanographene (i) the standing wave state and (ii) the edge state which correspond to the armchair and zigzag edges, respectively. Most importantly, characterizing the standing wave and edge states could play a crucial role in understanding the chemical reactivity, thermodynamic stability and magnetism of nanosized graphene--important knowledge in the design and realization of promising functionalized nanocarbon materials. In the second part, we present scanning probe microscopic characterization of both edge types to experimentally characterize the two electronic states. As predicted, we find the armchair-edged nanographene to have an energetically stable electronic pattern. The zigzag-edged nanographene shows a nonbonding (π radical) pattern, which is the source of the material's electronic and magnetic properties and its chemical activity. Precise control of the edge geometry is a practical requirement to control the electronic structure. We show that we can fabricate the energetically unstable zigzag edges using scanning probe manipulation techniques, and we discuss challenges in using these techniques for that purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Enoki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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43
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44
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Konishi A, Hirao Y, Matsumoto K, Kurata H, Kubo T. Facile Synthesis and Lateral π-Expansion of Bisanthenes. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Yasukazu Hirao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Kouzou Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Hiroyuki Kurata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
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45
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Muddasir H, Wang ZM, Yang B, Lu P, Ma YG. Thermal and optoelectronic properties of anthracene and dibenz[a,c]anthracene. Chem Res Chin Univ 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-013-2264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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Wu GX, Wang ZQ, Jing YH, Wang CY. I–V Curves of graphene nanoribbons under uniaxial compressive and tensile strain. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Konishi A, Hirao Y, Matsumoto K, Kurata H, Kishi R, Shigeta Y, Nakano M, Tokunaga K, Kamada K, Kubo T. Synthesis and Characterization of Quarteranthene: Elucidating the Characteristics of the Edge State of Graphene Nanoribbons at the Molecular Level. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:1430-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja309599m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka,
Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Hirao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka,
Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kouzou Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka,
Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kurata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka,
Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department
of Materials Engineering
Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Department
of Materials Engineering
Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department
of Materials Engineering
Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tokunaga
- Research Institute for Ubiquitous
Energy Devices, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Kansai Center, Ikeda,
Osaka 563-8577, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamada
- Research Institute for Ubiquitous
Energy Devices, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Kansai Center, Ikeda,
Osaka 563-8577, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka,
Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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49
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Ago H, Ogawa Y, Tsuji M, Mizuno S, Hibino H. Catalytic Growth of Graphene: Toward Large-Area Single-Crystalline Graphene. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:2228-2236. [PMID: 26295775 DOI: 10.1021/jz3007029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For electronic applications, synthesis of large-area, single-layer graphene with high crystallinity is required. One of the most promising and widely employed methods is chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using Cu foil/film as the catalyst. However, the CVD graphene is generally polycrystalline and contains a significant amount of domain boundaries that limit intrinsic physical properties of graphene. In this Perspective, we discuss the growth mechanism of graphene on a Cu catalyst and review recent development in the observation and control of the domain structure of graphene. We emphasize the importance of the growth condition and crystallinity of the Cu catalyst for the realization of large-area, single-crystalline graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hiroki Hibino
- ⊥NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
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50
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Yumura T, Awano T, Kobayashi H, Yamabe T. Platinum clusters on vacancy-type defects of nanometer-sized graphene patches. Molecules 2012; 17:7941-60. [PMID: 22751260 PMCID: PMC6268068 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17077941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations found that spin density distributions of platinum clusters adsorbed on nanometer-size defective graphene patches with zigzag edges deviate strongly from those in the corresponding bare clusters, due to strong Pt-C interactions. In contrast, platinum clusters on the pristine patch have spin density distributions similar to the bare cases. The different spin density distributions come from whether underlying carbon atoms have radical characters or not. In the pristine patch, center carbon atoms do not have spin densities, and they cannot influence radical characters of the absorbed cluster. In contrast, radical characters appear on the defective sites, and thus spin density distributions of the adsorbed clusters are modulated by the Pt-C interactions. Consequently, characters of platinum clusters adsorbed on the sp² surface can be changed by introducing vacancy-type defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yumura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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