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Wang T, Hong M. Investigation of the curvature induction and membrane localization of the influenza virus M2 protein using static and off-magic-angle spinning solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance of oriented bicelles. Biochemistry 2015; 54:2214-26. [PMID: 25774685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of membrane proteins induce membrane curvature for function; thus, it is important to develop new methods to simultaneously determine membrane curvature and protein binding sites in membranes with multiple curvatures. We introduce solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods based on magnetically oriented bicelles and off-magic-angle spinning (OMAS) to measure membrane curvature and the binding site of proteins in mixed-curvature membranes. We demonstrate these methods on the influenza virus M2 protein, which not only acts as a proton channel but also mediates virus assembly and membrane scission. An M2 peptide encompassing the transmembrane (TM) domain and an amphipathic helix, M2(21-61), was studied and compared with the TM peptide (M2TM). Static (31)P NMR spectra of magnetically oriented 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC)/1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC) bicelles exhibit a temperature-independent isotropic chemical shift in the presence of M2(21-61) but not M2TM, indicating that the amphipathic helix confers the ability to generate a high-curvature phase. Two-dimensional (2D) (31)P spectra indicate that this high-curvature phase is associated with the DHPC bicelle edges, suggestive of the structure of budding viruses from the host cell. (31)P- and (13)C-detected (1)H relaxation times of the lipids indicate that the majority of M2(21-61) is bound to the high-curvature phase. Using OMAS experiments, we resolved the (31)P signals of lipids with identical headgroups based on their distinct chemical shift anisotropies. On the basis of this resolution, 2D (1)H-(31)P correlation spectra show that the amide protons in M2(21-61) correlate with the DMPC but not DHPC (31)P signal of the bicelle, indicating that a small percentage of M2(21-61) partitions into the planar region of the bicelles. These results show that the amphipathic helix induces high membrane curvature and localizes the protein to this phase, in good agreement with the membrane scission function of the protein. These bicelle-based relaxation and OMAS solid-state NMR techniques are generally applicable to curvature-inducing membrane proteins such as those involved in membrane trafficking, membrane fusion, and cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Pham TN, Hinchley SL, Rankin DWH, Liptaj T, Uhrín D. Determination of sugar structures in solution from residual dipolar coupling constants: methodology and application to methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 126:13100-10. [PMID: 15469309 DOI: 10.1021/ja047242+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed methodology for the determination of solution structures of small molecules from residual dipolar coupling constants measured in dilute liquid crystals. The power of the new technique is demonstrated by the determination of the structure of methyl beta-d-xylopyranoside (I) in solution. An oriented sample of I was prepared using a mixture of C(12)E(5) and hexanol in D(2)O. Thirty residual dipolar coupling constants, ranging from -6.44 to 4.99 Hz, were measured using intensity-based J-modulated NMR techniques. These include 15 D(HH), 4 (1)D(CH), and 11 (n)D(CH) coupling constants. The accuracy of the dipolar coupling constants is estimated to be < +/- 0.02 Hz. New constant-time HMBC NMR experiments were developed for the measurement of (n)D(CH) coupling constants, the use of which was crucial for the successful structure determination of I, as they allowed us to increase the number of fitted parameters. The structure of I was refined using a model in which the directly bonded interatom distances were fixed at their ab initio values, while 16 geometrical and 5 order parameters were optimized. These included 2 CCC and 6 CCH angles, and 2 CCCC and 6 CCCH dihedral angles. Vibrationally averaged dipolar coupling constants were used during the refinement. The refined solution structure of I is very similar to that obtained by ab initio calculations, with 11 bond and dihedral angles differing by 0.8 degrees or less and the remaining 5 parameters differing by up to 3.3 degrees . Comparison with the neutron diffraction structure showed larger differences attributable to crystal packing effects. Reducing the degree of order by using dilute liquid crystalline media in combination with precise measurement of small residual dipolar coupling constants, as shown here, is a way of overcoming the limitation of strongly orienting liquid crystals associated with the complexity of (1)H NMR spectra for molecules with more than 12 protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran N Pham
- Contribution from the School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, Scotland, U.K
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Dingemans T, Photinos DJ, Samulski ET, Terzis AF, Wutz C. Ordering of apolar and polar solutes in nematic solvents. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1560941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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SANDSTRÖM DICK, ZIMMERMANN HERBERT. Deuterium—carbon multiple-quantum NMR in liquid crystals: polarization transfer and off-magic-angle spinning. Mol Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970110099567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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McElheny D, Zhou M, Frydman L. Two-dimensional dynamic-director (13)C NMR of liquid crystals. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2001; 148:436-441. [PMID: 11237650 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.2000.2254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment for facilitating the resolution and assignment of liquid crystalline (13)C NMR spectra is described. The method involves the motor-driven reorientation of the liquid crystalline director, in synchrony with the acquisition of a 2D chemical shift correlation spectrum. By monitoring in this fashion the (13)C NMR evolution of spins in the liquid crystal at two different director orientations with respect to the magnetic field, the method distinguishes anisotropic from isotropic displacements and can be utilized for assigning the resonances and estimating local degrees of order. Of various potential pairs of angles suitable for such a correlation, the (0 degrees, 90 degrees ) choice was found to be most convenient, as it avoids line broadening complications that may otherwise originate from heterogeneities of the oriented phase. The technique thus derived was employed in the analysis of a series of monomeric and polymeric liquid crystal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D McElheny
- Department of Chemistry (M/C 111), University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA
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Kittaka A, Asakura T, Kuze T, Tanaka H, Yamada N, Nakamura KT, Miyasaka T. Cyclization Reactions of Nucleoside Anomeric Radical with Olefin Tethered on Base: Factors That Induce Anomeric Stereochemistry. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo990611d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kittaka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Asakura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kuze
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Tanaka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamada
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuo T. Nakamura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tadashi Miyasaka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Lesot P, Emsley JW, Ouvrard JM, Curzon E. Simplification of 19F NMR spectra of liquid crystalline samples by multiple-pulse COSY experiments. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 1998; 133:166-172. [PMID: 9654481 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.1998.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A general method is presented of converting second-order fluorine-19 spectra of liquid crystalline samples into first-order spectra. This is achieved by recording a 19F COSY spectrum with a multiple pulse dipolar reducing sequence (MPS) operating in the t1 period, leading to a F1 projection which is first order. The method is illustrated by recording spectra on a sample of 1,3-dichloro-4-fluorobenzene dissolved in the nematic solvent ZLI 1167. Experiments have been done in which the MPS is either the MREV-8 or Flip-Flop-16 sequence. The first-order F1 projections are analyzed to give reduced total 1H-19F couplings, KCSTHFij and the reduction factors, KCS, are obtained by comparison with the THFij available from an analysis of the ordinary 1D spectrum. The reduction factors are compared with values predicted by average Hamiltonian theory (AHT). The reasons for the differences found between observed and predicted values of KCS have been investigated by performing numerical simulations of the 2D MPS COSY experiments. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lesot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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Ciampi E, Emsley JW. Measurement of interproton, nuclear spin dipolar couplings in liquid crystalline samples by combining variable angle sample spinning, isotope dilution, and deuterium decoupling. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 1997; 129:207-211. [PMID: 9441886 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.1997.1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The proton NMR spectra of liquid crystalline samples can be simplified by selective, partial deuteration followed by deuterium decoupling. This leaves strong peaks from the protons at the undeuterated sites, but also weak resonances from the coupling of these protons to those at low abundance (2% in the present case) at the deuterated sites. The weak resonances can be separated from the strong by recording spectra while spinning the sample at a series of angles to the magnetic field. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. Copyright 1997Academic Press
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ciampi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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Caldarelli S, Lesage A, Emsley L. Long-Range Dipolar Couplings in Liquid Crystals Measured by Three-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9623931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Caldarelli
- Laboratoire de Stéréochimie et des Interactions Moléculaires UMR-117 CNRS/ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Laboratoire de Stéréochimie et des Interactions Moléculaires UMR-117 CNRS/ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Laboratoire de Stéréochimie et des Interactions Moléculaires UMR-117 CNRS/ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 69364 Lyon, France
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Caldarelli S, Hong M, Emsley L, Pines A. Measurement of Carbon−Proton Dipolar Couplings in Liquid Crystals by Local Dipolar Field NMR Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp962023z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Caldarelli
- Laboratoire de Stéréochimie et des Interactions Moléculaires, UMR-117 CNRS/ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France, Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Mei Hong
- Laboratoire de Stéréochimie et des Interactions Moléculaires, UMR-117 CNRS/ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France, Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Laboratoire de Stéréochimie et des Interactions Moléculaires, UMR-117 CNRS/ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France, Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Alexander Pines
- Laboratoire de Stéréochimie et des Interactions Moléculaires, UMR-117 CNRS/ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France, Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Hong M, Pines A, Caldarelli S. Measurement and Assignment of Long-Range C−H Dipolar Couplings in Liquid Crystals by Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp960972m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hong
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Alexander Pines
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Stefano Caldarelli
- Section de Chimie de l'Université, BCH-Dorigny, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Magnuson ML, Fung BM. The reorientational behavior of nematic and smectic liquid crystals in a magnetic field. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cross CW, Fung BM. Cross relaxation of polymer dispersed liquid crystal droplets. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.462540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ohe H, Kubo A, Katada M, Sano H. Motional narrowing of 13C dipolar magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Chem Phys Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(90)85404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fung B. The effect of radiofrequency heating in carbon-13 NMR studies of liquid crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2364(90)90219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Poon C, Fung BM. Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance of ferroelectric liquid crystals with off‐magic‐angle spinning. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.457263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Counsell C, Emsley J, Luckhurst G, Sachdev H. Orientational order in the 4-n-alkyloxy-4′-cyanobiphenyls. Mol Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1080/00268978800100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Emsley JW, Fung BM, Heaton NJ, Luckhurst GR. The potential of mean torque for flexible mesogenic molecules. Determination of the interaction parameters from carbon–hydrogen dipolar couplings for 4‐n‐alkyl‐4′‐cyanobiphenyls. J Chem Phys 1987. [DOI: 10.1063/1.453047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Patel VF, Pattenden G. Radical reactions in synthesis. Homolysis of alkyl cobalt salophens in the presence of radical trapping agents. Tetrahedron Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)95951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fung BM, Afzal J, Foss TL, Chau M. Nematic ordering of 4‐n‐alkyl‐4’‐cyanobiphenyls studied by carbon‐13 NMR with off‐magic‐angle spinning. J Chem Phys 1986. [DOI: 10.1063/1.451714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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