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Yan W, Carter S, Hsieh CT, Krause JA, Cheng MJ, Zhang S, Liu W. Copper-Carbon Homolysis Competes with Reductive Elimination in Well-Defined Copper(III) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26152-26159. [PMID: 37992224 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent advancements of Cu catalysis for the cross-coupling of alkyl electrophiles and the frequently proposed involvement of alkyl-Cu(III) complexes in such reactions, little is known about the reactivity of these high-valent complexes. Specifically, although the reversible interconversion between an alkyl-CuIII complex and an alkyl radical/CuII pair has been frequently proposed in Cu catalysis, direct observation of such steps in well-defined CuIII complexes remains elusive. In this study, we report the synthesis and investigation of alkyl-CuIII complexes, which exclusively undergo a Cu-C homolysis pathway to generate alkyl radicals and CuII species. Kinetic studies suggest a bond dissociation energy of 28.6 kcal/mol for the CuIII-C bonds. Moreover, these four-coordinate complexes could be converted to a solvated alkyl-CuIII-(CF3)2, which undergoes highly efficient C-CF3 bond-forming reductive elimination even at low temperatures (-4 °C). These results provide strong support for the reversible recombination of alkyl radicals with CuII to form alkyl-CuIII species, an elusive step that has been proposed in Cu-catalyzed mechanisms. Furthermore, our work has demonstrated that the reactivity of CuIII complexes could be significantly influenced by subtle changes in the coordination environment. Lastly, the observation of the highly reactive neutral alkyl-CuIII-(CF3)2 species (or with weakly bound solvent molecules) suggests they might be the true intermediates in many Cu-catalyzed trifluoromethylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Samantha Carter
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Chi-Tien Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jeanette A Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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Gonzalez E, Brothers PJ, Ghosh A. Density functional theory calculations on ruthenium(IV) bis(amido) porphyrins: search for a broader perspective of heme protein compound II intermediates. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:15380-8. [PMID: 20979402 DOI: 10.1021/jp107692m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein is a first density functional theory (DFT) (ZORA, STO-TZP) survey of ruthenium(IV) porphyrins with monoanionic nitrogen ligands, modeled after experimentally observed ruthenium porphyrin bis(amido), bis(methyleneamido), and bis(pyrazolato) complexes. Three exchange correlation functionals--PW91, OLYP, and B3LYP, which often behave somewhat differently--provide good, consistent descriptions of the lowest singlet and triplet states. For ruthenium porphyrin bis(amido) and bis(methyleneamido) complexes, the calculations reproduce the experimentally observed S = 0 ground states, with the triplet states only a few tenths of an electron-volt higher in energy. The singlet-triplet energy gaps decrease somewhat along the series PW91 > OLYP > B3LYP. Molecular orbital (MO) analyses also provide a qualitative explanation for the singlet ground states of these complexes, which may be contrasted with the triplet states of heme protein compound II intermediates and their synthetic iron(IV) models. Amido and methyleneamido ligands have a single π-lone pair, unlike hydroxide, alkoxide, and thiolate ligands, which have two. The former therefore engage in a single π-bonding interaction with one of the Ru d(π) orbitals, resulting in an S = 0 d(4) electronic configuration. In contrast, the O or S ligands present in compound II engage in π-bonding with both d(π) orbitals, resulting in an S = 1 ground state. For the ruthenium(IV) bis(methyleneamido) complexes, our MO analysis indicates a somewhat different bonding description, relative to that proposed by the experimental researchers, who invoked Ru(d(π)) → N(methyleneamido)(π*) backbonding to explain Ru-N(methyleneamido) multiple bond character. Instead, we found that the metal-methyleneamido π-bonding almost exclusively involves N-to-Ru π-donation and thus is qualitatively very similar to metal-amido π-bonding. Ruthenium(IV) bis(pyrazolato) complexes provide rare examples of ruthenium(IV) centers with all-nitrogen ligation that are paramagnetic. OLYP successfully captures this "inverse" spin state energetics; PW91 and B3LYP do so less well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Chan KS, Mak KW, Tse MK, Yeung SK, Li BZ, Chan YW. Reactions of nitroxides with metalloporphyrin alkyls bearing beta hydrogens: Aliphatic carbon–carbon bond activation by metal centered radicals. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Buchler JW, Dreher C, Künzel FM. Synthesis and coordination chemistry of noble metal porphyrins. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0111330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Simonneaux G, Le Maux P. Carbene Complexes of Heme Proteins and Iron Porphyrin Models. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Ingleson MJ, Pink M, Huffman JC, Fan H, Caulton KG. [(tBu2PCH2SiMe2)2N]RuMe2: Synthesis and Reactivity of an Unsaturated Ruthenium Dialkyl Radical Species. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om0508536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Ingleson
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - John C. Huffman
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Hongjun Fan
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Kenneth G. Caulton
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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Ohkubo K, Fukuzumi S. Electron-Transfer Oxidation of Coenzyme B12 Model Compounds and Facile Cleavage of the Cobalt(IV)−Carbon Bond via Charge-Transfer Complexes with Bases. A Negative Temperature Dependence of the Rates. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:1105-13. [PMID: 16833419 DOI: 10.1021/jp0453008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The electron-transfer oxidation and subsequent cobalt-carbon bond cleavage of vitamin B12 model complexes were investigated using cobaloximes, (DH)2Co(III)(R)(L), where DH- = the anion of dimethylglyoxime, R = Me, Et, Ph, PhCH2, and PhCH(CH3), and L = a substituted pyridine, as coenzyme B12 model complexes and [Fe(bpy)3](PF6)3 or [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)3 (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) as a one-electron oxidant. The rapid one-electron oxidation of (DH)2Co(III)(Me)(py) (py = pyridine) with the oxidant gives the corresponding Co(IV) complexes, [(DH)2Co(IV)(Me)(py)]+, which were well identified by the ESR spectra. The reorganization energy (lambda) for the electron-transfer oxidation of (DH)2Co(Me)(py) was determined from the ESR line broadening of [(DH)2Co(Me)(py)]+ caused by the electron exchange with (DH)2Co(Me)(py). The lambda value is applied to evaluate the rate constants of photoinduced electron transfer from (DH)2Co(Me)(py) to photosensitizers in light of the Marcus theory of electron transfer. The Co(IV)-C bond cleavage of [(DH)2Co(Me)(py)]+ is accelerated significantly by the reaction with a base. The overall activation energy for the second-order rate constants of Co(IV)-C bond cleavage of [(DH)2Co(IV)(Me)(py)]+ in the presence of a base is decreased by charge-transfer complex formation with a base, which leads to a negative activation energy for the Co(IV)-C cleavage when either 2-methoxypyridine or 2,6-dimethoxypyridine is used as the base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ohkubo
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Hansen T, Ovesen H, Svadberg A, Svendsen K, Tangen E, Swarts JC, Ghosh A. Unique Orbital Symmetry-Driven Cisoid Tilting of the Axial Ligands in Dialkylruthenium(IV) Porphyrins. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om049691o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terkel Hansen
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway, and University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Helge Ovesen
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway, and University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Anders Svadberg
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway, and University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Kristian Svendsen
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway, and University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Espen Tangen
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway, and University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Jannie C. Swarts
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway, and University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway, and University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
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Umezawa-Vizzini K, Guzman-Jimenez IY, Whitmire KH, Lee TR. Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Stability of (η6:η1-C6H5CH2CH2PR2)Ru(CH3)2 (R = Cy, Ph, Et). Organometallics 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/om0300070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Umezawa-Vizzini
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Ilse Y. Guzman-Jimenez
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Kenton H. Whitmire
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - T. Randall Lee
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77251
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Simonneaux G, Le Maux P. Optically active ruthenium porphyrins: chiral recognition and asymmetric catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(02)00009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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1H-NMR and EPR studies of the electronic structure of low-spin ruthenium(III) isocyanide porphyrin complexes: unusual (dxz,dyz)4 (dxy)1 configuration. J Organomet Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(01)00830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Galardon E, Le Maux P, Simonneaux G. Cyclopropanation of Alkenes, N–H and S–H Insertion of Ethyl Diazoacetate Catalysed by Ruthenium Porphyrin Complexes. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)01050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Brothers PJ. Organometallic chemistry of transition metal porphyrin complexes. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3055(00)46005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Galardon E, Maux PL, Toupet L, Simonneaux G. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Reactivity of (5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrinato)ruthenium(II) (Diethoxycarbonyl)carbene Methanol. Organometallics 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/om970790u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Galardon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique et Biologique, UMR 6509, and Groupe de Physique Cristalline, UA CNRS 040804, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Paul Le Maux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique et Biologique, UMR 6509, and Groupe de Physique Cristalline, UA CNRS 040804, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Loic Toupet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique et Biologique, UMR 6509, and Groupe de Physique Cristalline, UA CNRS 040804, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Gérard Simonneaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique et Biologique, UMR 6509, and Groupe de Physique Cristalline, UA CNRS 040804, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Boese R, Cammack JK, Matzger AJ, Pflug K, Tolman WB, Vollhardt KPC, Weidman TW. Photochemistry of (Fulvalene)tetracarbonyldiruthenium and Its Derivatives: Efficient Light Energy Storage Devices. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9707062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Boese
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität-Gesamthochschule, Universitätstrasse 3-5, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - J. Kevin Cammack
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität-Gesamthochschule, Universitätstrasse 3-5, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Adam J. Matzger
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität-Gesamthochschule, Universitätstrasse 3-5, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Kai Pflug
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität-Gesamthochschule, Universitätstrasse 3-5, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - William B. Tolman
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität-Gesamthochschule, Universitätstrasse 3-5, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - K. Peter C. Vollhardt
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität-Gesamthochschule, Universitätstrasse 3-5, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Timothy W. Weidman
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität-Gesamthochschule, Universitätstrasse 3-5, D-45117 Essen, Germany
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Kinetics, mechanism and thermodynamics of iron carbon bond dissociation in organoiron porphyrin complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1693(95)04887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nolan SP. Solution Thermochemistry of Ligand Substitution Reactions Involving Organoruthenium Complexes. COMMENT INORG CHEM 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/02603599508032704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Setsune JI, Watanabe JY. Formation of σ-(Acyl)cobalt(III) Porphyrins by the Reaction of Cobalt(II) Porphyrins with Aldehydes in the Coexistence of NaBH4and t-BuOOH. CHEM LETT 1994. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1994.2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Halpern J. Compensation Effects in the Activation Parameters for the Homolytic Dissociation of Transition Metal–Alkyl Bonds. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1988. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.61.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hay BP, Finke RG. Thermolysis of the CoC bond in adenosylcobalamin (coenzyme B12)—IV. Products, kinetics and CoC bond dissociation energy studies in ethylene glycol. Polyhedron 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)81775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Koenig TW, Hay BP, Finke RG. Cage effects in organotransition metal chemistry: Their importance in the kinetic estimation of bond dissociation energies in solution. Polyhedron 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)81778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Halpern J. Determination of transition metal-alkyl bond dissociation energies from kinetic measurements. Polyhedron 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)81776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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