1
|
Zhao C, Bhagwandin DD, Xu W, Ruffieux P, Khan SI, Pignedoli CA, Fasel R, Rubin Y. Dramatic Acceleration of the Hopf Cyclization on Gold(111): From Enediynes to Peri-Fused Diindenochrysene Graphene Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2474-2483. [PMID: 38227949 PMCID: PMC10835731 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hopf et al. reported the high-temperature 6π-electrocyclization of cis-hexa-1,3-diene-5-yne to benzene in 1969. Subsequent studies using this cyclization have been limited by its very high reaction barrier. Here, we show that the reaction barrier for two model systems, (E)-1,3,4,6-tetraphenyl-3-hexene-1,5-diyne (1a) and (E)-3,4-bis(4-iodophenyl)-1,6-diphenyl-3-hexene-1,5-diyne (1b), is decreased by nearly half on a Au(111) surface. We have used scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) to monitor the Hopf cyclization of enediynes 1a,b on Au(111). Enediyne 1a undergoes two sequential, quantitative Hopf cyclizations, first to naphthalene derivative 2, and finally to chrysene 3. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that a gold atom from the Au(111) surface is involved in all steps of this reaction and that it is crucial to lowering the reaction barrier. Our findings have important implications for the synthesis of novel graphene nanoribbons. Ullmann-like coupling of enediyne 1b at 20 °C on Au(111), followed by a series of Hopf cyclizations and aromatization reactions at higher temperatures, produces nanoribbons 12 and 13. These results show for the first time that graphene nanoribbons can be synthesized on a Au(111) surface using the Hopf cyclization mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Zhao
- Nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dayanni D Bhagwandin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, United States
| | - Wangwei Xu
- Nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Saeed I Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, United States
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- Nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- Nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yves Rubin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carbenes, related intermediates, and small-sized cycles: contribution from Professor Nefedov’s laboratory. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
3
|
Schulte Y, Geoghegan BL, Helling C, Wölper C, Haberhauer G, Cutsail GE, Schulz S. Observation of Discrete Valence Tautomers in Crystalline Cyclopentadienyl Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12658-12664. [PMID: 34369756 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Single crystal X-ray (sc XRD) analyses of three symmetrically substituted cyclopentadienyl radicals (1, 2, 5) containing sterically demanding aryl groups showed that they crystallize as discrete valence tautomers (Jahn-Teller distortion) in the solid state with the unpaired electron either located in the b1 orbital (type I, state 2B1), resulting in a localized radical with two adjacent double bonds, or the a2 orbital (type II, state 2A2), leading to an allyl-type radical. Their properties in solution were examined by EPR spectroscopy as well as cyclovoltammetry and UV/vis spectroscopy including two additional cyclopentadienyl radicals (1-5). The electronic nature of 1-5 was further investigated by quantum chemical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Blaise L Geoghegan
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (CEC), Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | | | | | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - George E Cutsail
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (CEC), Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Röder A, Petersen J, Issler K, Fischer I, Mitrić R, Poisson L. Exploring the Excited-State Dynamics of Hydrocarbon Radicals, Biradicals, and Carbenes Using Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Field-Induced Surface Hopping Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10643-10662. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Röder
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jens Petersen
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Issler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Mitrić
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lionel Poisson
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Melikyan GG, Davis R, Anker B, Meron D, Duncan K. Acquiring a Prognostic Power in Co2(CO)6-Mediated, Cobaltocene-Induced Radical Dimerizations of Propargyl Triflates. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gagik G. Melikyan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Ryan Davis
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Bryan Anker
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Deborah Meron
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Kellyanne Duncan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boganov SE, Promyslov VM, Krylova IV, Zaitseva GS, Egorov MP. Mechanism of thermal decomposition of allyltrichlorosilane with formation of three labile intermediates: dichlorosilylene, allyl radical, and atomic chlorine. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
7
|
Wenzel J, Wormit M, Dreuw A. Calculating X-ray Absorption Spectra of Open-Shell Molecules with the Unrestricted Algebraic-Diagrammatic Construction Scheme for the Polarization Propagator. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 10:4583-98. [PMID: 26588152 DOI: 10.1021/ct5006888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful tool that provides information about the electronic structure of molecules via excitation of electrons from the K-shell core region to the unoccupied molecular levels. These high-lying electronic core-excited states can be accurately calculated using the algebraic-diagrammatic construction scheme of second order ADC(2) by applying the core-valence separation (CVS) approximation to the ADC(2) working equations. For the first time, an efficient implementation of an unrestricted CVS-ADC(2) variant CVS-UADC(2) is presented for the calculation of open-shell molecules by treating α and β spins separately from each other. The potential of the CVS-UADC(2) method is demonstrated with a set of small organic radicals by comparison with standard TD-DFT/B3LYP values and experimental data. It turns out that the extended variant CVS-UADC(2)-x, in particular, provides the most accurate results with errors of only 0.1% compared to experimental values. This remarkable agreement justifies the prediction of yet nonrecorded experimental XAS spectra like the one of the anthracene cation. The cation exhibits additional peaks due to the half-filled single-occupied molecular orbital, which may help to distinguish cation from the neutral species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wenzel
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Wormit
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Melikyan GG, Hughes R, Rivas B, Duncan K, Sahakyan N. Assembling Contiguous Quaternary Carbon Atoms: Regio- and Stereoselective Rearrangements in Cobalt-Directed Radical Reactions of 1,4-Enynes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501096x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gagik G. Melikyan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330 United States
| | - Rhoda Hughes
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330 United States
| | - Bianca Rivas
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330 United States
| | - Kellyanne Duncan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330 United States
| | - Nare Sahakyan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330 United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alagia M, Bodo E, Decleva P, Falcinelli S, Ponzi A, Richter R, Stranges S. The soft X-ray absorption spectrum of the allyl free radical. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:1310-8. [PMID: 23232557 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43466k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The first experimental study of the X-ray absorption spectrum (XAS) of the allyl free radical, CH(2)CHCH(2), is reported. A supersonic He seeded beam of hyperthermal allyl radicals was crossed by a high resolution synchrotron radiation (SR) in the focus of a 3D ion momentum imaging time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer to investigate the soft X-ray absorption and fragmentation processes. The XAS, recorded as Total-Ion-Yield (TIY), is dominated by C1s electron excitations from either the central carbon atom, C(C), or the two terminal carbon atoms, C(T), to the frontier orbitals, the semi-occupied-molecular-orbital (SOMO) and the lowest-unoccupied-molecular-orbital (LUMO). All of the intense features in the XAS could only be assigned with the aid of ab initio spectral simulation at the Multi-Configuration Self-Consistent-Field (MCSCF) level of theory, this level being required because of the multi-reference nature of the core-excited state wavefunctions of the open shell molecule. The ionization energies (IEs) of the singlet and triplet states of the C1s ionized allyl radical (XPS) were also calculated at the MCSCF level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Alagia
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Boganov SE, Faustov VI, Shavrin KN, Gvozdev VD, Promyslov VM, Egorov MP, Nefedov OM. A Highly Delocalized Triplet Carbene, 5-Methylhexa-1,2,4-triene-1,3-diyl: Matrix IR Identification, Structure, and Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:14688-98. [DOI: 10.1021/ja901508c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey E. Boganov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow, Russian Federation 119991
| | - Valery I. Faustov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow, Russian Federation 119991
| | - Konstantin N. Shavrin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow, Russian Federation 119991
| | - Valentin D. Gvozdev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow, Russian Federation 119991
| | - Vladimir M. Promyslov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow, Russian Federation 119991
| | - Mikhail P. Egorov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow, Russian Federation 119991
| | - Oleg M. Nefedov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow, Russian Federation 119991
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Density functional theory calculation of hyperfine coupling constants of small radicals using Becke97-type exchange-correlation functionals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(02)00399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
12
|
Liang CW, Chen CC, Wei CY, Chen YT. Two-photon resonant ionization spectroscopy of the allyl-h5 and allyl-d5 radicals: Rydberg states and ionization energies. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1450553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
13
|
Byrd EFC, Sherrill CD, Head-Gordon M. The Theoretical Prediction of Molecular Radical Species: a Systematic Study of Equilibrium Geometries and Harmonic Vibrational Frequencies. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp011132x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward F. C. Byrd
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - C. David Sherrill
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shaik S, Shurki A, Danovich D, Hiberty PC. A different story of pi-delocalization--the distortivity of pi-electrons and its chemical manifestations. Chem Rev 2001; 101:1501-39. [PMID: 11710231 DOI: 10.1021/cr990363l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Shaik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Hebrew University, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu JC, Li R, Chang JL, Chen YT. Rydberg states of the allyl radical observed by two-photon resonant ionization spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1313560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
16
|
Baskir EG, Korolev VA, Nefedov OM. Photoisomerization of the perfluoroallyl radical: a FTIR matrix-isolation study. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2000. [DOI: 10.1070/mc2000v010n04abeh001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
17
|
Uy D, Davis S, Nesbitt DJ. High-resolution infrared spectroscopy of jet-cooled allyl radical (CH2–CH–CH2): In-phase (ν1) and out-of-phase (ν13) antisymmetric CH2 stretching vibrations. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
18
|
Stranges D, Stemmler M, Yang X, Chesko JD, Suits AG, Lee YT. UV photodissociation dynamics of allyl radical by photofragment translational spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
19
|
|
20
|
Heard GL, Yates BF. Competing Rearrangements of Ammonium Ylides: A Quantum Theoretical Study. J Org Chem 1996; 61:7276-7284. [PMID: 11667650 DOI: 10.1021/jo952227w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The competition between the Stevens [1,2] and Sommelet-Hauser [2,3] rearrangements for a prototype ylide, N-methyl-3-propenylammonium methylide, has been investigated using ab initio and semiempirical molecular orbital methods. The activation energies for the two processes are remarkably close, separated by only 2 kJ mol(-)(1) at ROMP/6-311+G(d,p). Increasing the size of the basis set leads to a relative stabilization of the Sommelet-Hauser transition geometry, while higher levels of electron correlation (such as CCSD(T)) favor the Stevens rearrangement. Incorporation of solvent effects via the SCRF polarizable continuum model leads to a lowering of the energy barrier of the concerted [2,3] rearrangement, but has little effect on the dissociative [1,2] pathway. The activation energies of both pathways have been calculated for ylides bearing substituents on the ammonium nitrogen and the double bond. Substituents at nitrogen lead to an ylide which is sterically unstable and hence a preference for the dissociative [1,2] rearrangement. Electron-withdrawing substituents on the double bond show a preference for the [2,3] rearrangement, while mildly electron-donating alkyl substituents have very little effect on activation energies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George L. Heard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252C, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wenthold PG, Polak ML, Lineberger WC. Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Allyl and 2-Methylallyl Anions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp953401n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. Wenthold
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
| | - Mark L. Polak
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
| | - W. C. Lineberger
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Olson LP, Niwayama S, Yoo HY, Houk KN, Harris NJ, Gajewski JJ. Secondary Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effects in the Rotations of Alkenes and Allyl Radicals: Theory and Experiment. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja952046b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leif P. Olson
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Satomi Niwayama
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Hi-Young Yoo
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - K. N. Houk
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Nathan J. Harris
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Joseph J. Gajewski
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, and the Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Malkin VG, Malkina OL, Eriksson LA, Salahub DR. The calculation of NMR and ESR spectroscopy parameters using density functional theory. THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s1380-7323(05)80039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
24
|
Matrix Infrared Spectroscopy of Intermediates with Low Coordinated Carbon, Silicon and Germanium Atoms. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3160(08)60032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
25
|
Density Functional Theory, Its Gaussian Implementation and Applications to Complex Systems. RELATIVISTIC AND ELECTRON CORRELATION EFFECTS IN MOLECULES AND SOLIDS 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1340-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
26
|
|
27
|
|
28
|
Hirota E, Yamada C, Okunishi M. Infrared diode laser spectroscopy of the allyl radical. The ν11band. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.463037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
29
|
Nakano T, Morihashi K, Kikuchi O. Single-Excitation Configuration Interaction Calculations of Hyperfine Coupling Constants of Small π and σ Radicals. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1992. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.65.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
30
|
|
31
|
Nefedov OM. Generation, low-temperature stabilization, structure, and reactivity of intermediates with low-coordinated carbon, silicon, and germanium atoms. Russ Chem Bull 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00961022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
32
|
Sim F, Salahub DR, Chin S, Dupuis M. Gaussian density functional calculations on the allyl and polyene radicals: C3H5 to C11H13. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.461755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
33
|
Szalay PG, Császár AG, Fogarasi G, Karpfen A, Lischka H. Anabinitiostudy of the structure and vibrational spectra of allyl and 1,4‐pentadienyl radicals. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.459189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
34
|
|
35
|
Structure and vibrational spectrum of isopropenyl radical, H2CCCH2: AB initio MO study and normal coordinate analysis. J Mol Struct 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(90)80250-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
36
|
Fjogstad E, Ystenes M. Ab initio quantum mechanical calculation of vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities and equilibrium geometry of the allyl radical. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0584-8539(93)80009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
37
|
|