Electrostatic catalysis of proton-transfer reactions: hydrogen exchange in chloroform and ionization of 2-nitropropane

Physical organic chemistry of transition metal carbene complexes. 23. Kinetic and thermodynamic acidities of cationic benzothienyl- and selenylcarbene complexes of rhenium in aqueous acetonitrile

The pK(a) values of a cationic selenyl- (5H(+)) and a benzothienylcarbene complex (6H(+)) and rate constants for the reversible deprotonation of these complexes by water, carboxylate ions, primary aliphatic amines, secondary alicyclic amines (5H(+) only), and OH(-) (5H(+) only) were determined in 50% MeCN-50% water (v/v) at 25 degrees C. In comparison with neutral Fischer-type carbene complexes such as 1H, the cationic complexes 5H(+) and 6H(+) are much more acidic, and the intrinsic barriers to proton transfer are substantially higher. This paper discusses a variety of factors that contribute to these differences, with the most important ones being that 5H(+) and 6H(+) are cationic, which makes the C(5)H(5)(NO)(PPh(3))Re moiety a stronger pi-acceptor than the (CO)(5)M moieties, coupled with the fact that the deprotonated forms of 5H(+) and 6H(+ )are aromatic molecules.