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Mann A, Hannigan MD, Dumlao BL, Hu CT, Weck M. Bent and Twisted: Synthesis of an Alkoxy-Substituted (1,5)Naphthalene-paracyclophanediene. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12971-12977. [PMID: 37647456 PMCID: PMC10507662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This contribution describes the synthesis of [2.2](1,5)naphthalenoparacyclophane-1,13-diene in four steps from 1,5-bis(bromomethyl)naphthalene and 1,4-benzenedimethanethiol. Consisting of 2,6-dioctyloxynaphthalene and benzene moieties, the effects of differing arene size on the structure, strain energy, and chemical reactivity of the cyclophanediene are examined. Despite a strain energy of 24.3 kcal/mol, the naphthalenoparacyclophanediene was unreactive toward a library of olefin metathesis catalysts. This diminished reactivity can be explained by the steric hindrance of the twisted olefin. Incorporation of an electron donor (naphthalene) into the rigid paracyclophanediene structure can allow for applications in optoelectronics, chiral ligands, and planar chiral materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Mann
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Matthew D. Hannigan
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Bianca L. Dumlao
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Chunhua T. Hu
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Marcus Weck
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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Chen F, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Exploring the “fold-in” strategy toward the construction of a highly-strained triazasumanene skeleton. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2705-2708. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00329c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
“Fold-in”-type syntheses toward the construction of tribenzotriazasumanene were attempted under oxidative and reductive conditions, which resulted in the formation of two different products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengkun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
- Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
- Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
- Japan
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Fallah-Bagher-Shaidaei H, Farkhonde R, Navideh LG. Aromaticity of topological isomers of cyclazines and their [14] to [18] annulenes. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2010.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Xu Y, Smith MD, Krause JA, Shimizu LS. Control of the Intramolecular [2+2] Photocycloaddition in a Bis-Stilbene Macrocycle. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4874-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900443e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuewen Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, and The Richard C. Elder X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, and The Richard C. Elder X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221
| | - Jeanette A. Krause
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, and The Richard C. Elder X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221
| | - Linda S. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, and The Richard C. Elder X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221
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Rieger R, Kastler M, Enkelmann V, Müllen K. Entry to Coronene Chemistry-Making Large Electron Donors and Acceptors. Chemistry 2008; 14:6322-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fletcher DI, Ganellin CR, Piergentili A, Dunn PM, Jenkinson DH. Synthesis and pharmacological testing of polyaminoquinolines as blockers of the apamin-sensitive Ca2+-activated K+ channel (SK(Ca)). Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:5457-79. [PMID: 17560109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Revised: 05/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and pharmacological testing of a series of non-peptidic blockers of the SK(Ca) (SK-3) channel is described. Target compounds were designed to mimic the spatial relationships of selected key residues in the energy-minimised structure of the octadecapeptide apamin, which are a highly potent blocker of this channel. Structures consist of a central unit, either a fumaric acid or an aromatic ring, to which are attached two alkylguanidine or two to four alkylaminoquinoline substituents. Potency was tested by the ability to inhibit the SK(Ca) channel-mediated after-hyperpolarization (AHP) in cultured rat sympathetic neurones. It was found that bis-aminoquinoline derivatives are significantly more potent as channel blockers than are the corresponding guanidines. This adds to the earlier evidence that delocalisation of positive charge through the more extensive aminoquinolinium ring system is important for effective channel binding. It was also found that an increase in activity can be gained by the addition of a third aminoquinoline residue to give non-quaternized amines which have submicromolar potencies (IC(50)=0.13-0.36 microM). Extension to four aminoquinoline residues increased the potency to IC(50)=93 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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Campos Rosa J, Galanakis D, Ganellin CR, Dunn PM. Synthesis, molecular modeling, and K+ channel-blocking activity of dequalinium analogues having semirigid linkers. J Med Chem 1996; 39:4247-54. [PMID: 8863802 DOI: 10.1021/jm950884a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dequalinium [1,1'-(decane-1, 10-diyl)bis(2-methyl-4-aminoquinolinium)] is an effective blocker of the small conductance Ca2(+)-activated K+ channel. It has been shown that the number of methylene groups in the alkyl chain linking the two quinolinium rings of this type of molecule is not critical for activity. To further investigate the role of the linker, analogues of dequalinium have been synthesized, in which the alkyl chain has been replaced by CH2XCH2 where X is a rigid or semirigid group containing aromatic rings. The compounds have been tested for blockade of the slow after-hyperpolarization on rat sympathetic neurons. The most potent compounds have X = phenanthryl, fluorenyl, cis-stilbene, and C6H4(CH2)nC6H4, where n = 0-4. The conformational preferences of the compounds were investigated using the XED/COSMIC molecular modeling system. Although there is some dependence of the potency of the analogue on the conformational properties of the linker (X), overall, X groups having substantial structural differences are tolerated. It seems that X provides a support for the two quinolinium groups and does not interact with the channel directly. The intramolecular separation between the quinolinium rings, which is provided by rigid groups X, is not critical for activity; this may be attributed to the residual conformational mobility of the heterocycles and to the extensive delocalization of the positive charge. These two factors may permit favorable contacts between the quinolinium groups and the channel over a range of intramolecular separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Campos Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, U.K
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Condensed Benzenoid Cyclophanes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-403002-2.50008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Electrocyclic ring closure of [2.2.6]paracyclophanepentaene. Structure and dynamic stereochemistry of the product. Tetrahedron Lett 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)87881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Aso Y, Iyoda M, Nakagawa M. A naphtho-tri-t-butyltrisdehydro[16]annulene and related compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)92887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Staab HA, Meissner UE, Weinacht W, Gensler A. Konjugation in makrocyclischen Bindungssystemen, XXVIII. Benzo-anellierte [14]Annulene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19791121214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Akiyama S, Iyoda M, Yoshitsugu K, Fukuoka M, Nakagawa M. Dehydroannulenes. IX. Effects of Substituents on the1H NMR Spectra of Tetrakisdehydro[18]- and Bisdehydro[14]annulenes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1978. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.51.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sakano K, Akiyama S, Iyoda M, Nakagawa M. SYNTHESIS OF BENZANNELATED TRISDEHYDRO[10.10.2][14]ANNULENO[14]ANNULENES. CHEM LETT 1978. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1978.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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