1
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Major CJ, Chen SM, Stephan DW. Boron diamide derivatives containing N-N and N-P molecular fragments. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2159-2166. [PMID: 38189199 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03665k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The cationic and neutral boron-diamide precursors are employed to target the inclusion of N2 and N-P molecular fragments. The species (HCN(Dipp))2BNH25, and (H2CN(Dipp))2BNH26 were prepared. While efforts to oxidize with [NO]+ gave mixtures of products, reactions with N2H4 gave the salts [(HCN(Dipp))2B(NHNH3)][O3SCF3] 7 [(H2CN(Dipp))2B(NHNH3)][O3SCF3] 8. Excess N2H4 gave the neutral species (HCN(Dipp))2B(NHNH2) 9 and (H2CN(Dipp))2B(NHNH2) 10, respectively. The species (H2CN(Dipp))2B(N3) 11 was prepared for comparative purposes. Turning to related NP species, compound 6 was converted to (HCN(Dipp))2B(NHPCl2) 12, while (HCN(Dipp))2BNK(SiMe3) 14 was used to give (HCN(Dipp))2BN(SiMe3)PCl215. Replacement of one of the chlorides gave (HCN(Dipp))2BN(SiMe3)PCl(OSO2CF3) 16 which converts to [(HCN(Dipp))2BNPCl]217. Similarly heating 15 afforded 17. The insights for the synthesis of further boron-N2 and boron-NP derivatives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Major
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
| | - Shi-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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2
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Hussain Z, Luo YA, Wu Y, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Stephan DW. Reactivity of frustrated Lewis pairs with BOC protected diazocarboxylates: FLP capture of diazene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6191-6194. [PMID: 37093155 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01571h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of (tBuO2CN)2 with FLPs are examined. B(C6F5)3 interacts with the carbonyl oxygen atoms inducing loss of CH2CMe2; however, in the presence of basic donors, the protons are intercepted affording the salts [Hbase]2 [((C6F5)3BO2CN)2] (base = tBu3P 1, NC5H2Ph32, HNC5H6Me43). In contrast, in the presence of (o-Tol)3P, a proton transfers to the diazo-N atom affording (o-Tol)3PN(CO2tBu)NHB(C6F5)34. Further addition of B(C6F5)3 to 4 prompts loss of olefin CH2CMe2 and CO2 affording (o-Tol)3PNHNHB(C6F5)35. The course of these reactions is examined by extensive DFT calculations. The nature of 5 is consistent with the FLP reduction of a diazene fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hussain
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yong-An Luo
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yile Wu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
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3
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Stephan DW. Diverse Uses of the Reaction of Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) with Hydrogen. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20002-20014. [PMID: 34786935 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The articulation of the notion of "frustrated Lewis pairs" (FLPs) emerged from the discovery that H2 can be reversibly activated by combinations of sterically encumbered main group Lewis acids and bases. This has prompted numerous studies focused on various perturbations of the Lewis acid/base combinations and the applications to organic reductions. This Perspective focuses on the new directions and developments that are emerging from this FLP chemistry involving hydrogen. Three areas are discussed including new applications and approaches to FLP reductions, the reductions of small molecules, and the advances in heterogeneous FLP systems. These foci serve to illustrate that despite having its roots in main group chemistry, this simple concept of FLPs is being applied across the discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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4
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Zhu D, Qu ZW, Stephan DW. Addition reactions and diazomethane capture by the intramolecular P–O–B FLP: tBu2POBcat. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:901-910. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04560k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
FLPs, R2POBcat (R = tBu 1, Mes 2), are shown to react with a variety of substrates including diazomethanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53115 Bonn
- Germany
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5
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Cao LL, Zhou J, Qu ZW, Stephan DW. Single Electron Transfer to Diazomethane-Borane Adducts Prompts C-H Bond Activations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18487-18491. [PMID: 31589360 PMCID: PMC6972512 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While (Ph2 CN2 )B(C6 F5 )3 is unstable, single electron transfer from Cp*2 Co affords the isolation of stable products [Cp*2 Co][Ph2 CNNHB(C6 F5 )3 ] 1 and [Cp*Co(C5 Me4 CH2 B(C6 F5 )3 )] 2. The analogous combination of Ph2 CN2 and BPh3 showed no evidence of adduct formation and yet single electron transfer from Cp*2 Cr affords the species [Cp*2 Cr][PhC(C6 H4 )NNBPh3 ] 3 and [Cp*2 Cr][Ph2 CNNHBPh3 ] 4. Computations showed both reactions proceed via transient radical anions of the diphenyldiazomethane-borane adducts to effect C-H bond activations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levy L Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
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6
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Cao LL, Zhou J, Qu Z, Stephan DW. Single Electron Transfer to Diazomethane–Borane Adducts Prompts C−H Bond Activations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Levy L. Cao
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
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7
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Gazis TA, Dasgupta A, Hill MS, Rawson JM, Wirth T, Melen RL. Reactions of hydrazones and hydrazides with Lewis acidic boranes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:12391-12395. [PMID: 31397460 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01359h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of (diphenylmethylene)hydrazone or 1,4-bis-hydrazone-ylidene(phenylmethyl)benzene with Lewis acidic boranes B(2,4,6-F3C6H2)3 or B(3,4,5-F3C6H2)3 generates the Lewis acid-base adducts. Alternatively, when (9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)hydrazone is employed several products were isolated including 1,2-di(9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)hydrazone, the 2 : 1 borane adduct of NH2-NH2 and the 1-(diarylboraneyl)-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)hydrazone in which one ArH group has been eliminated. The benzhydrazide starting material also initially gives an adduct when reacted with Lewis acidic boranes which upon heating eliminates ArH generating a CON2B heterocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore A Gazis
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, Cymru/Wales CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Ayan Dasgupta
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, Cymru/Wales CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jeremy M Rawson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, Cymru/Wales CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Rebecca L Melen
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, Cymru/Wales CF10 3AT, UK.
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8
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Habraken ERM, van Leest NP, Hooijschuur P, de Bruin B, Ehlers AW, Lutz M, Slootweg JC. Aryldiazonium Salts as Nitrogen-Based Lewis Acids: Facile Synthesis of Tuneable Azophosphonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11929-11933. [PMID: 30051582 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the commercially available azoimidazolium dyes (e.g., Basic Red 51) that can be obtained from aryldiazonium salts and N-heterocyclic carbenes, we developed the synthesis of a unique set of arylazophosphonium salts. A range of colours were obtained by applying readily tuneable phosphine donor ligands and para-substituted aryldiazonium salts as nitrogen-based Lewis acids. With cyclic voltammetry, a general procedure was designed to establish whether the reaction between a Lewis acid and a Lewis base occurs by single-electron transfer or electron-pair transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi R M Habraken
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, PO Box 94157, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas P van Leest
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, PO Box 94157, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Hooijschuur
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, PO Box 94157, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, PO Box 94157, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas W Ehlers
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, PO Box 94157, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 254, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Martin Lutz
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Chris Slootweg
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, PO Box 94157, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Habraken ERM, van Leest NP, Hooijschuur P, de Bruin B, Ehlers AW, Lutz M, Slootweg JC. Aryldiazonium Salts as Nitrogen-Based Lewis Acids: Facile Synthesis of Tuneable Azophosphonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evi R. M. Habraken
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904, PO Box 94157 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas P. van Leest
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904, PO Box 94157 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Pim Hooijschuur
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904, PO Box 94157 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904, PO Box 94157 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Andreas W. Ehlers
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904, PO Box 94157 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty; University of Johannesburg; PO Box 254 Auckland Park, Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Martin Lutz
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry; Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research; Utrecht University; Padualaan 8 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - J. Chris Slootweg
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904, PO Box 94157 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
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10
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Zhou J, Liu LL, Cao LL, Stephan DW. Reductive Coupling and Loss of N2
from Magnesium Diazomethane Derivatives. Chemistry 2018; 24:8589-8595. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Levy L. Cao
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
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11
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Schneider C, LaFortune JHW, Melen RL, Stephan DW. Lewis and Brønsted basicity of phosphine-diazomethane derivatives. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12742-12749. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02420k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The compounds EtOC(O)CHNN(PR3) (R = Ph 1, Cy 2, tBu 3) were prepared via the reactions of the diazomethane and a phosphine and their reactivity has been explored.
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12
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Melen RL. A Step Closer to Metal-Free Dinitrogen Activation: A New Chapter in the Chemistry of Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:880-882. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Melen
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Main Building, Park Place Cardiff Cymru/Wales CF10 3AT UK
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13
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Melen RL. Metallfreie Stickstoffaktivierung: Ein neues Kapitel in der Chemie frustrierter Lewis-Paare. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Melen
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Main Building, Park Place Cardiff Cymru/Wales CF10 3AT Großbritannien
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14
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Tang C, Liang Q, Jupp AR, Johnstone TC, Neu RC, Song D, Grimme S, Stephan DW. 1,1-Hydroboration and a Borane Adduct of Diphenyldiazomethane: A Potential Prelude to FLP-N2
Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16588-16592. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Connie Tang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Quiming Liang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Andrew R. Jupp
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Timothy C. Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Rebecca C. Neu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Datong Song
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; Institut fuer Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Universitaet Bonn; Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
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15
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Tang C, Liang Q, Jupp AR, Johnstone TC, Neu RC, Song D, Grimme S, Stephan DW. 1,1-Hydroboration and a Borane Adduct of Diphenyldiazomethane: A Potential Prelude to FLP-N2
Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Connie Tang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Quiming Liang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Andrew R. Jupp
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Timothy C. Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Rebecca C. Neu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Datong Song
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; Institut fuer Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Universitaet Bonn; Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
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16
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Phillips JA, Danforth SJ, Hora NJ, Lanska JR, Waller AW. Structural and Energetic Properties of Haloacetonitrile–BCl3 Complexes: Computations and Matrix-IR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9252-9261. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54702, United States
| | - Samuel J. Danforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54702, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Hora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54702, United States
| | - John R. Lanska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54702, United States
| | - Anna W. Waller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54702, United States
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17
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Arrowsmith M, Böhnke J, Braunschweig H, Celik MA. Reactivity of a Dihydrodiborene with CO: Coordination, Insertion, Cleavage, and Spontaneous Formation of a Cyclic Alkyne. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14287-14292. [PMID: 28892234 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Under a CO atmosphere, the dihydrodiborene [(cAAC)HB=BH(cAAC)] underwent coordination of CO concomitant with reversible hydrogen migration from boron to the carbene carbon atom, as well as reversible CO insertion into the B=B bond. Heating the CO adduct resulted in two unusual cAAC ring-expansion products, one presenting a B=C bond to a six-membered 1,2-azaborinane-3-ylidene, the other an unprecedented nine-membered cyclic alkyne resulting from reductive cleavage of CO and spontaneous formation of a C≡C bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Arrowsmith
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mehmet Ali Celik
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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18
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Arrowsmith M, Böhnke J, Braunschweig H, Celik MA. Reaktivität eines Dihydrodiborens gegen CO: Koordination, Insertion, Spaltung und spontane Bildung eines cyclischen Alkins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merle Arrowsmith
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Mehmet Ali Celik
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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19
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Martín-Sómer A, Mó O, Yáñez M, Guillemin JC. Acidity enhancement of unsaturated bases of group 15 by association with borane and beryllium dihydride. Unexpected boron and beryllium Brønsted acids. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:1193-202. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02292k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BeH2and BH3association with unsaturated bases of group 15 increases their acidity and changes the trend. Ethynyl : BeH2complexes unexpectedly behave as Be acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Sómer
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
| | - Otilia Mó
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
| | - Manuel Yáñez
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
| | - Jean-Claude Guillemin
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes
- CNRS
- UMR 6226
- 35708 Rennes Cedex 7
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20
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Abstract
Consistent van der Waals radii are deduced for Ne-Xe, based on the noble gas···oxygen intermolecular distances found in gas phase structures. The set of radii proposed is shown to provide van der Waals distances for a wide variety of noble gas···element atom pairs that represent properly the distribution of distances both in the gas phase and in the solid state. Moreover, these radii show a smooth periodic trend down the group which is parallel to that shown by the halogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Vogt
- Chemical Information Systems, University of Ulm , 89069 Ulm, Germany
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21
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Frustrated Lewis Pairs Beyond the Main Group: Transition Metal-Containing Systems. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 334:261-80. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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22
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Young NA. Main group coordination chemistry at low temperatures: A review of matrix isolated Group 12 to Group 18 complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Chapman AM, Haddow MF, Wass DF. Frustrated Lewis Pairs beyond the Main Group: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Small Molecule Activation with Cationic Zirconocene–Phosphinoaryloxide Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:18463-78. [DOI: 10.1021/ja207936p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andy M. Chapman
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Mairi F. Haddow
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan F. Wass
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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24
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Alkorta I, Elguero J, Del Bene JE, Mó O, Yáñez M. New Insights into Factors Influencing BN Bonding in X:BH
3−
n
F
n
and X:BH
3−
n
Cl
n
for X=N
2
, HCN, LiCN, H
2
CNH, NF
3
, NH
3
and
n
=0–3: The Importance of Deformation. Chemistry 2010; 16:11897-905. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid (Spain)
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid (Spain)
| | - Janet E. Del Bene
- Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio 44555 (USA)
| | - Otilia Mó
- Departamento de Química, C‐9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain), Fax: (+34) 91‐497‐5238
| | - Manuel Yáñez
- Departamento de Química, C‐9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain), Fax: (+34) 91‐497‐5238
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25
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Smith EL, Sadowsky D, Phillips JA, Cramer CJ, Giesen DJ. A Short Yet Very Weak Dative Bond: Structure, Bonding, and Energetic Properties of N2−BH3. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2628-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909059n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Ave., Eau Claire, WI 54702, Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE., Minneapolis, MN 55455, and Eastman Kodak Company, Building 83, Floor 2, RL, MC02216 Rochester, NY 14650-2216
| | - Daniel Sadowsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Ave., Eau Claire, WI 54702, Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE., Minneapolis, MN 55455, and Eastman Kodak Company, Building 83, Floor 2, RL, MC02216 Rochester, NY 14650-2216
| | - James A. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Ave., Eau Claire, WI 54702, Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE., Minneapolis, MN 55455, and Eastman Kodak Company, Building 83, Floor 2, RL, MC02216 Rochester, NY 14650-2216
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Ave., Eau Claire, WI 54702, Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE., Minneapolis, MN 55455, and Eastman Kodak Company, Building 83, Floor 2, RL, MC02216 Rochester, NY 14650-2216
| | - David J. Giesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Ave., Eau Claire, WI 54702, Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE., Minneapolis, MN 55455, and Eastman Kodak Company, Building 83, Floor 2, RL, MC02216 Rochester, NY 14650-2216
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26
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Finze M, Bernhardt E, Willner H. Trifluoromethylboranes and -Borates: New Synthetic Strategies and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:9180-96. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Finze M, Bernhardt E, Willner H. Trifluormethylborane und -borate – neue Synthesestrategien und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Shirtcliff LD, Rivers J, Haley MM. Synthesis of 2H-Indazoles via Lewis Acid Promoted Cyclization of 2-(Phenylazo)benzonitriles. J Org Chem 2006; 71:6619-22. [PMID: 16901155 DOI: 10.1021/jo060965m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lewis-acid promoted "coarctate" cyclization of 10 2-(phenylazo)benzonitrile derivatives furnishes the isoindazole ring system in ca. 65-95% yield. A plausible mechanism for this unusual transformation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Shirtcliff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, USA
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29
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Haaland A. Kovalente und dative Bindungen zu Hauptgruppenmetallen, eine nützliche Unterscheidung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19891010806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Phillips JA, Halfen JA, Wrass JP, Knutson CC, Cramer CJ. Large Gas−Solid Structural Differences in Complexes of Haloacetonitriles with Boron Trifluoride. Inorg Chem 2005; 45:722-31. [PMID: 16411708 DOI: 10.1021/ic051491x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The structural properties of the singly halogenated derivatives of CH(3)CN-BF(3) (X-CH(2)CN-BF(3): X = F, Cl, Br, I) have been investigated via single-crystal X-ray crystallography, solid-state infrared spectroscopy, and correlated electronic-structure theory. Taken together, these data illustrate large differences between the gas-phase and solid-state structures of these systems. Calculated gas-phase structures (B3PW91/aug-cc-pVTZ) of FCH(2)CN-BF(3), ClCH(2)CN-BF(3), and BrCH(2)CN-BF(3) indicate that the B-N dative bonds in these systems are quite weak, with distances of 2.422, 2.374, and 2.341 A, respectively. However, these distances, as well as other calculated structural parameters and normal-mode vibrational frequencies, indicate that the dative interactions do become slightly stronger in proceeding from F- to Br-CH(2)CN-BF(3). In contrast, solid-state structures for FCH(2)CN-BF(3), ClCH(2)CN-BF(3), and ICH(2)CN-BF(3) from X-ray crystallography all have B-N distances that are quite short, about 1.65 A. Thus, the B-N distances of the F- and Cl-containing derivatives contract by over 0.7 A upon crystallization. Large shifts in the vibrational modes involving motions of the BF(3) subunit parallel these structural changes. An X-ray crystal structure could not be determined for BrCH(2)CN-BF(3)(s), but the solid-state IR spectrum is consistent with those obtained previously for related complexes and suggests that the solid-state structure resembles those of the others, and in turn, implicates a large gas-solid structural difference for this species as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Avenue, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA.
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31
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Phillips JA, Giesen DJ, Wells NP, Halfen JA, Knutson CC, Wrass JP. Condensed-Phase Effects on the Structural Properties of C6H5CN−BF3 and (CH3)3CCN−BF3: IR Spectra, Crystallography, and Computations. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:8199-208. [PMID: 16834206 DOI: 10.1021/jp052495q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Condensed-phase effects on the structure and bonding of C(6)H(5)CN-BF(3) and (CH(3))(3)CCN-BF(3) are illustrated by a variety of results, and these are compared to analogous data for the closely related complex CH(3)CN-BF(3). For the most part, the structural properties of C(6)H(5)CN-BF(3) and (CH(3))(3)CCN-BF(3) are quite similar, not only in the gas phase but also in the solid state and in argon matrices. However, the structures do change significantly from medium to medium, and these changes are reflected in the data presented below. Specifically, the measured crystallographic structure of C(6)H(5)CN-BF(3) (s) has a B-N distance that is 0.17 A shorter than that in the equilibrium gas-phase structure obtained via B3LYP calculations. Notable differences between calculated gas-phase frequencies and measured solid-state frequencies for both C(6)H(5)CN-BF(3) and (CH(3))(3)CCN-BF(3) were also observed, and in the case of (CH(3))(3)CCN-BF(3), these data implicate a comparable difference between solid-state and gas-phase structure, even in the absence of crystallographic results. Frequencies measured in argon matrices were found to be quite similar for both complexes and also very near those measured previously for CH(3)CN-BF(3), suggesting that all three complexes adopt similar structures in solid argon. For C(6)H(5)CN-BF(3) and (CH(3))(3)CCN-BF(3), matrix IR frequencies differ only slightly from the computed gas-phase values, but do suggest a slight compression of the B-N bond. Ultimately, it appears that the varying degree to which these systems respond to condensed phases stems from subtle differences in the gas-phase species, which are highlighted through an examination of B-N distance potentials from B3LYP calculations. The larger organic substituents appear to stabilize the potential near 1.8 A, so that the structures are more localized in that region prior to any condensed-phase interactions. As a result, the condensed-phase effects on the structural properties of C(6)H(5)CN-BF(3) and (CH(3))(3)CCN-BF(3) are much less pronounced than those for CH(3)CN-BF(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Avenue, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA.
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32
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Ford TA. Ab initio molecular orbital studies of the vibrational spectra of the van der Waals complexes of boron trifluoride with the noble gases. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2005; 61:1403-1409. [PMID: 15820873 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2004.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2004] [Accepted: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The molecular structures, interaction energies, charge transfer properties and vibrational spectra of the van der Waals complexes formed between boron trifluoride and the noble gases neon, argon, krypton and xenon have been computed using second and fourth order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory and the Los Alamos National Laboratory LANL2DZ basis set. The complexes are all symmetric tops, with the noble gas atom acting as a sigma electron donor along the C3 axis of the BF3 molecule. The interaction energies are all vanishingly small, and the amount of charge transferred in each case is of the order of 0.01e. The directions of the wavenumber shifts of the symmetric bending (nu2) and antisymmetric stretching (nu3) modes of the BF3 fragment confirm those determined experimentally, and the shifts are shown to correlate well with the polarizability of the noble gas atom and the inverse sixth power of the intermonomer separation. The nu2 mode is substantially more sensitive to complexation than the nu3 vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Ford
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.
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33
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Kang C, Korter TM, Pratt DW. Experimental measurement of the induced dipole moment of an isolated molecule in its ground and electronically excited states: Indole and indole–H2O. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:174301. [PMID: 15910026 DOI: 10.1063/1.1883635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported here are measurements of the magnitude and orientation of the induced dipole moment that is produced when an indole molecule in its ground S(0) and electronically excited S(1) states is polarized by the attachment of a hydrogen bonded water molecule in the gas phase complex indole-H(2)O. For the complex, we find the permanent dipole moment values mu(IW)(S(0)) = 4.4 D and mu(IW)(S(1)) = 4.0 D, values that are substantially different from calculated values based on vector sums of the dipole moments of the component parts. From this result, we derive the induced dipole moment values mu(I) (*)(S(0)) = 0.7 D and mu(I) (*)(S(1)) = 0.5 D. The orientation of the induced moment also is significantly different in the two electronic states. These results are quantitatively reproduced by a purely electrostatic calculation based on ab initio values of multipole moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolhwa Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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34
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Kang C, Pratt * DW. Structures, charge distributions, and dynamical properties of weakly bound complexes of aromatic molecules in their ground and electronically excited states. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350500161453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Molecular Orbital and Density Functional Study of the Formation, Charge Transfer, Bonding and the Conformational Isomerism of the Boron Trifluoride (BF3) and Ammonia (NH3) Donor-Acceptor Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.3390/i5050239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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36
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Venter G, Dillen J. Crystalline Effects on the Properties of the Dative Bond: A Computational Study of HCN−BF3. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp048319j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Venter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Jan Dillen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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37
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Finze M, Bernhardt E, Zähres M, Willner H. Rearrangement Reactions of the Transient Lewis Acids (CF3)3B and (CF3)3BCF2: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. Inorg Chem 2003; 43:490-505. [PMID: 14731011 DOI: 10.1021/ic0350640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Short-lived (CF(3))(3)B and (CF(3))(3)BCF(2) are generated as intermediates by thermal dissociation of (CF(3))(3)BCO and F(-) abstraction from the weak coordinating anion [B(CF(3))(4)](-), respectively. Both Lewis acids cannot be detected because of their instability with respect to rearrangement reactions at the B-C-F moiety. A cascade of 1,2-fluorine shifts to boron followed by perfluoroalkyl group migrations and also difluorocarbene transfer reactions occur. In the gas phase, (CF(3))(3)B rearranges to a mixture of linear perfluoroalkyldifluoroboranes C(n)()F(2)(n)()(+1)BF(2) (n = 2-7), while the respective reactions of (CF(3))(3)BCF(2) result in a mixture of linear (n = 2-4) and branched monoperfluoroalkyldifluoroboranes, e.g., (C(2)F(5))(CF(3))FCBF(2). For comparison, the reactions of [CF(3)BF(3)](-) and [C(2)F(5)BF(3)](-) with AsF(5) are studied, and the products in the case of [CF(3)BF(3)](-) are BF(3) and C(2)F(5)BF(2) whereas in the case of [C(2)F(5)BF(3)](-), C(2)F(5)BF(2) is the sole product. In contrast to reports in the literature, it is found that CF(3)BF(2) is too unstable at room temperature to be detected. The decomposition of (CF(3))(3)BCO in anhydrous HF leads to a mixture of the new conjugate Brønsted-Lewis acids [H(2)F][(CF(3))(3)BF] and [H(2)F][C(2)F(5)BF(3)]. All reactions are modeled by density functional calculations. The energy barriers of the transition states are low in agreement with the experimental results that (CF(3))(3)B and (CF(3))(3)BCF(2) are short-lived intermediates. Since CF(2) complexes are key intermediates in the rearrangement reactions of (CF(3))(3)B and (CF(3))(3)BCF(2), CF(2) affinities of some perfluoroalkylfluoroboranes are presented. CF(2) affinities are compared to CO and F(-) affinities of selected boranes showing a trend in Lewis acidity, and its influence on the stability of the complexes is discussed. Fluoride ion affinities are calculated for a variety of different fluoroboranes, including perfluorocarboranes, and compared to those of the title compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Finze
- Fakultät 4, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany
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38
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Giesen DJ, Phillips JA. Structure, Bonding, and Vibrational Frequencies of CH3CN−BF3: New Insight into Medium Effects and the Discrepancy between the Experimental and Theoretical Geometries. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022358i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Giesen
- Eastman Kodak Company, Building 83, Floor 2, RL, MC02216 Rochester, New York 14650-2216
| | - James A. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Ave., Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54702
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39
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Fiacco DL, Leopold KR. Partially Bound Systems as Sensitive Probes of Microsolvation: A Microwave and ab Initio Study of HCN···HCN−BF3. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022245z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. L. Fiacco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - K. R. Leopold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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40
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Finze M, Bernhardt E, Terheiden A, Berkei M, Willner H, Christen D, Oberhammer H, Aubke F. Tris(trifluoromethyl)borane carbonyl, (CF3)3BCO-synthesis, physical, chemical and spectroscopic properties, gas phase, and solid state structure. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:15385-98. [PMID: 12487614 DOI: 10.1021/ja0209924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tris(trifluoromethyl)borane carbonyl, (CF(3))(3)BCO, is obtained in high yield by the solvolysis of K[B(CF(3))(4)] in concentrated sulfuric acid. The in situ hydrolysis of a single bonded CF(3) group is found to be a simple, unprecedented route to a new borane carbonyl. The related, thermally unstable borane carbonyl, (C(6)F(5))(3)BCO, is synthesized for comparison purposes by the isolation of (C(6)F(5))(3)B in a matrix of solid CO at 16 K and subsequent evaporation of excess CO at 40 K. The colorless liquid and vapor of (CF(3))(3)BCO decomposes slowly at room temperature. In the gas phase t(1/2) is found to be 45 min. In the presence of a large excess of (13)CO, the carbonyl substituent at boron undergoes exchange, which follows a first-order rate law. Its temperature dependence yields an activation energy (E(A)) of 112 kJ mol(-)(1). Low-pressure flash thermolysis of (CF(3))(3)BCO with subsequent isolation of the products in low-temperature matrixes, indicates a lower thermal stability of the (CF(3))(3)B fragment, than is found for (CF(3))(3)BCO. Toward nucleophiles (CF(3))(3)BCO reacts in two different ways: Depending on the nucleophilicity of the reagent and the stability of the adducts formed, nucleophilic substitution of CO or nucleophilic addition to the C atom of the carbonyl group are observed. A number of examples for both reaction types are presented in an overview. The molecular structure of (CF(3))(3)BCO in the gas phase is obtained by a combined microwave-electron diffraction analysis and in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The molecule possesses C(3) symmetry, since the three CF(3) groups are rotated off the two possible positions required for C(3)(v)() symmetry. All bond parameters, determined in the gas phase or in the solid state, are within their standard deviations in fair agreement, except for internuclear distances most noticeably the B-CO bond lengths, which is 1.69(2) A in the solid state and 1.617(12) A in the gas phase. A corresponding shift of nu(CO) from 2267 cm(-)(1) in the solid state to 2251 cm(-)(1) in the gas phase is noted in the vibrational spectra. The structural and vibrational study is supported by DFT calculations, which provide, in addition to the equilibrium structure, confirmation of experimental vibrational wavenumbers, IR-band intensities, atomic charge distribution, the dipole moment, the B-CO bond energy, and energies for the elimination of CF(2) from (CF(3))(x)()BF(3)(-)(x)(), x = 1-3. In the vibrational analysis 21 of the expected 26 fundamentals are observed experimentally. The (11)B-, (13)C-, and (19)F-NMR data, as well as the structural parameters of (CF(3))(3)BCO, are compared with those of related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Finze
- Fakultät 4, Anorganische Chemie, Gerhard Mercator Universität Duisburg, Lotharstrasse 1, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany
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41
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Terheiden A, Bernhardt E, Willner H, Aubke F. Carbonyltris(trifluormethyl)boran, (CF3)3BCO, ein ungewöhnliches Borcarbonyl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20020301)114:5<823::aid-ange823>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P. Wells
- Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinEau Claire, 105 Garfield Ave., Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54702
| | - James A. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinEau Claire, 105 Garfield Ave., Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54702
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43
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Mo Y, Gao J. Polarization and Charge-Transfer Effects in Lewis Acid−Base Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010348w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Mo
- Department of Chemistry and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Jiali Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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44
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Cho HG, Cheong BS. A theoretical investigation of the structure and vibrational frequencies of CH 3 CN–BF 3 and CH 3 CN–BCl 3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(99)00183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Burns WA, Phillips JA, Canagaratna M, Goodfriend H, Leopold KR. Partially Formed Bonds In HCN−SO3 and CH3CN−SO3: A Comparison between Donor−Acceptor Complexes of SO3 and BF3. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp991646k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. A. Burns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St., SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - J. A. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St., SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - M. Canagaratna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St., SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - H. Goodfriend
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St., SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - K. R. Leopold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St., SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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46
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Stolov AA, Herrebout WA, Van der Veken BJ. Solvent-Induced Frequency Shifts as a Probe for Studying Very Weak Molecular Complexes: Evidence for van der Waals Complex Formation between COF2 and N2 in Cryogenic Solutions. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp991308j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Stolov
- Department of Chemistry, Universitair Centrum Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - W. A. Herrebout
- Department of Chemistry, Universitair Centrum Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - B. J. Van der Veken
- Department of Chemistry, Universitair Centrum Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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47
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The tetrahedral character of the boron atom newly defined—a useful tool to evaluate the N→B bond. J Organomet Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(99)00053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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48
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Jacobsen H, Berke H, Döring S, Kehr G, Erker G, Fröhlich R, Meyer O. Lewis Acid Properties of Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane. Structure and Bonding in L−B(C6F5)3 Complexes. Organometallics 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/om981033e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Jacobsen
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, and Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster
| | - Heinz Berke
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, and Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster
| | - Steve Döring
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, and Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, and Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, and Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, and Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster
| | - Oliver Meyer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, and Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster
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49
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Rayón VM, Sordo JA. Cyclopropane⋯sulfur dioxide and ethylene⋯sulfur dioxide van der Waals complexes: A theoretical study. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Tarakeshwar P, Lee SJ, Lee JY, Kim KS. Ab Initio Study of Benzene−BX3 (X = H, F, Cl) Interactions. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9833810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Tarakeshwar
- Center for Superfunctional Materials and Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Sang Joo Lee
- Center for Superfunctional Materials and Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Center for Superfunctional Materials and Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Kwang S. Kim
- Center for Superfunctional Materials and Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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