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Stein L, Boden P, Naumann R, Förster C, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Heinze K. The overlooked NIR luminescence of Cr(ppy) 3. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3701-3704. [PMID: 35226026 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00680d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cr(ppy)3, a structural analog of the green phosphorescent Ir(ppy)3, emits even in solution at room temperature from a weakly distorted spin-flip state at 910 nm (Hppy = 2-phenylpyridine). The low energy arises from an enhanced covalence of the Cr-C bonds as compared to Cr-N bonds. Lower temperature reduces thermally activated decay increasing the emission intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stein
- Johannes Gutenberg-University, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Robert Naumann
- Johannes Gutenberg-University, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christoph Förster
- Johannes Gutenberg-University, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Johannes Gutenberg-University, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, Germany.
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Wang C, Kitzmann WR, Weigert F, Förster C, Wang X, Heinze K, Resch-Genger U. Matrix Effects on Photoluminescence and Oxygen Sensitivity of a Molecular Ruby. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing: Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und -prufung Division Biophotonics Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Winald R. Kitzmann
- Johannes Gutenberg University: Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Florian Weigert
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing: Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und -prufung Division Biophotonics GERMANY
| | - Christoph Förster
- Johannes Gutenberg University: Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Xifan Wang
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing: Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und -prufung Division Biophotonics GERMANY
| | - Katja Heinze
- Johannes Gutenberg University: Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Analytische Chemie und Referenzmaterialien Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11 12489 Berlin GERMANY
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Hoffman MZ, Serpone N. The Potentiality of Chromium(III)-Polypyridyl Complexes Toward Use in Photochemical Solar Energy Conversion. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.198200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wojdyla M, Smith JA, Vasudevan S, Quinn SJ, Kelly JM. Excited state behaviour of substituted dipyridophenazine Cr(III) complexes in the presence of nucleic acids. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:1196-202. [PMID: 20617266 DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00110d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics and photochemistry of [Cr(phen)(2)(dppz)](3+) and its 11,12-substituted derivatives [Cr(phen)(2)(X(2)dppz)](3+) {X = Me or F} have been studied in the presence of purine nucleotides or DNA using steady state and time-resolved absorption and luminescence spectroscopy. 5'-Adenosine monophosphate (5'-AMP) shows only a weak interaction with the excited states of each complex. By contrast they are efficiently quenched by 5'-guanosine monophosphate (5'-GMP), consistent with photo-induced electron transfer. Laser flash photolysis spectroscopy in the presence of 5'-GMP suggests that both forward and back electron-transfers are rapid. All complexes also display a strong affinity for DNA and evidence for both static and dynamic quenching mechanisms is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Wojdyla
- School of Chemistry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, College Green, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
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Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure, DFT- and TDDFT-based spectroscopic property investigations on a mixed-ligand chromium(III) complex, bis[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazolato]-(1,10-phenanthroline)chromium(III) isophthalate. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Friesen DA, Nashiem RE, Waltz WL. Solvent Effects on the Spectroscopic and Photophysical Properties of the trans-(1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradecane)diisothiocyanatochromium(III) Ion, trans-[Cr(cyclam)(NCS)2]+. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:7982-91. [PMID: 17696340 DOI: 10.1021/ic701096g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopy and photophysics of trans-[Cr(cyclam)(NCS)2]+ (where cyclam is 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) were studied in a range of solvents. The cyclam NH stretching vibration [nu(NH)] wavenumber correlates with the Gutmann donor number, whereas the thiocyanate CN stretching vibration [nu(CN)] wavenumber correlates with the Snyder solvent strength (P') scale. These results signify that there is a difference in the solvent interactions with the two types of ligands. The energy of the ligand-to-metal charge transfer absorption maximum between 310 and 320 nm and the energy of the spin-forbidden (doublet-quartet) absorption and emission bands above 700 nm correlate with the nu(CN) wavenumber. This establishes the dominant role of solvent effects at the NCS- ligand in "tuning" the energy of these spectroscopic features. Quantum yields phirx for photosubstitution are <0.02 at 54 degrees C and <0.002 at 22 degrees C, demonstrating that photochemical reaction is a very minor pathway. The effects of solvent and temperature on the nonradiative decay of the doublet excited-state were investigated by observing the time-resolved phosphorescence between 700 and 750 nm. Below 30 degrees C, the lifetimes are relatively temperature-independent, whereas at higher temperatures, a strong Arrhenius-type dependence is observed. Values for the preexponential factor (A) and the activation energy (Ea) are solvent-dependent and follow a Barclay-Butler-type correlation. These observations are consistent with a dominant back-intersystem crossing pathway for nonradiative decay in the higher-temperature region. From trends observed between ln(A) and the nu(CN) frequency, it appears that solvent effects at the thiocyanate ligand play a dominant role in influencing the rate of nonradiative decay in the high-temperature region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane A Friesen
- Chemistry Department, Malaspina University College, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9R 5S5. friesend@ mala.bc.ca
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Synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties of mixed ligand tris(polypyridyl)chromium(III) complexes, [Cr(phen)2L]3+. Inorganica Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2006.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zahir KO. Reduction of hexaammineruthenium(III) ions by a series of tris(polypyridyl)chromium(II) ions Revisiting the Cr(NN)33+/2+ self-exchange rate. CAN J CHEM 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/v01-088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of the outer-sphere oxidation of Cr(NN)32+ ions (NN = 2,2'-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, and their substituted analogs) by hexaammineruthenium(III) was studied using laser flash photolysis. The Cr(NN)32+ ions were generated via the reductive quenching of the *Cr(NN)33+ excited states by oxalate ions or by H2edta2. The second-order rate constants were found to vary with the driving force of the reaction. The rate constants increase from (7.1 ± 0.5) × 106 M1 s1 for Cr(5-Clphen)32+ to (2.6 ± 0.2) × 108 M1 s1 for Cr(4,7-Me2phen)32+. The self-exchange rate constant for the couple (Cr(NN)33+/2+) was calculated by applying Marcus cross relation to present and other known reactions of Cr(NN)3n+ ions, where n = 3 or 2 with various reactants and is estimated to be (6 ± 4) × 107 M1 s1.Key words: tris(polypyridyl)chromium(II)/(III) self-exchange rate, hexaammineruthenium(III), oxidation of Cr(NN)32+.
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Barker KD, Barnett KA, Connell SM, Glaeser JW, Wallace AJ, Wildsmith J, Herbert BJ, Wheeler* JF, Kane-Maguire* NA. Synthesis and characterization of heteroleptic Cr(diimine)33+ complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(01)00377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Probing the presence of hydrophobic sites in anionic polyelectrolytes with tris(polypyridine)chromium(III) complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)00231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tochtermann W, Luttmann K, Wolff C, Peters K, Peters EM, von Schnering HG. Synthese mittlerer und großer Ringe, XXIV: Regioselektive Oxidation von 10-Oxo-3,6-hexanooxepin-4,5-dicarbonsäure-diethylester — ein neuer Weg zu hochfunktionalisierten Zehnringen und Hydroazulenlactonen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19891220910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Erker G. Metallocene Carbene Complexes and Related Compounds of Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.198903973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jamieson MA, Serpone N, Hoffman MZ. Advances in the photochemistry and photophysics of chromium(iii) polypyridyl complexes in fluid media. Coord Chem Rev 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(00)80513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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