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Schulte Y, Wölper C, Rupf SM, Malischewski M, SantaLucia DJ, Neese F, Haberhauer G, Schulz S. Structural characterization and reactivity of a room-temperature-stable, antiaromatic cyclopentadienyl cation salt. Nat Chem 2024; 16:651-657. [PMID: 38225271 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The singlet states of cyclopentadienyl (Cp) cations are considered as true prototypes of an antiaromatic system. Unfortunately, their high intrinsic reactivity inhibited their isolation in the solid state as a salt, and controlled reactions are also scarce. Here we present the synthesis and solid state structure of the room-temperature-stable Cp cation salt [Cp(C6F5)5]+[Sb3F16]-. Although the aromatic triplet state of the [Cp(C6F5)5]+ cation is energetically favoured in the gas phase according to quantum chemical calculations, coordination of the cation by either [Sb3F16]- or C6F6 in the crystal lattice stabilizes the antiaromatic singlet state, which is present in the solid state. The calculated hydride and fluoride ion affinities of the [Cp(C6F5)5]+ cation are higher than those of the perfluorinated tritylium cation [C(C6F5)3]+. Reactions of [Cp(C6F5)5]+[Sb3F16]- with CO, which probably yields the corresponding carbonyl complex, and of radical Cp(C6F5)5∙ with selected model substrates (Cp2Fe, (Ph3C∙)2 and Cp*Al) are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Schulte
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne M Rupf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
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2
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Litle ED, Gabbaï FP. A cationic gold-fluorenyl complex with a dative Au → C + bond: synthesis, structure, and carbophilic reactivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:603-606. [PMID: 36533545 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05436a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to study the interaction of gold with the highly Lewis acidic fluorenyl cation, we synthesised (o-[Ph2P(C6H4)Flu)AuCl(tht)][BF4] ([2][BF4]) and (o-Ph2P(C6H4)Flu)AuCl2 (3) (Flu = 9-fluorenyl) and found that the latter could be converted into [(o-Ph2P(C6H4)Flu)AuCl]+ ([4]+) upon treatment with NaBArF24 (BArF24 = B(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)4). [4]+, which has been isolated as a chloride-bridged dimer, readily catalyses the cycloisomerisation of 2-allyl-2-(2-propynyl)malonate. Computational results show that [4]+ possesses a strong Au → C+ bond and readily activates enynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elishua D Litle
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - François P Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Casper LA, Linseis M, Demeshko S, Azarkh M, Drescher M, Winter RF. Tailoring Valence Tautomerism by Using Redox Potentials: Studies on Ferrocene-Based Triarylmethylium Dyes with Electron-Poor Fluorenylium and Thioxanthylium Acceptors. Chemistry 2021; 27:10854-10868. [PMID: 33901313 PMCID: PMC8361958 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Three new electrochromic ferrocenyl triarylmethylium dyes with fluorenylium (1 a+ , 1 b+ ) or thioxanthylium (1 c+ ) residues were selected in order to keep the intrinsic differences of redox potentials for ferrocene oxidation and triarylmethylium reduction small and to trigger valence tautomerism (VT). UV/Vis/NIR and quantitative EPR spectroscopy identified paramagnetic diradical isomers 1 a..+ -1 c..+ alongside diamagnetic forms 1 a+ -1 c+ , which renders these complexes magnetochemical switches. The diradical forms 1 a..+ -1 c..+ as well as the one-electron-reduced triarylmethyl forms of the complexes were found to dimerize in solution. For radical 1 a. , dimerization occurs on the timescale of cyclic voltammetry; this allowed us to determine the kinetics and equilibrium constant for this process by digital simulation. Mößbauer spectroscopy indicated that 1 a+ and 1 b+ retain VT even in the solid state. UV/Vis/NIR spectro-electrochemistry revealed the poly-electrochromic behaviour of these complexes by establishing the distinctly different electronic absorption profiles of the corresponding oxidized and reduced forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A Casper
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Linseis
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mykhailo Azarkh
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Malte Drescher
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Breslow
- Department of Chemistry; Columbia University; New York NY 10027 USA
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Houmam A. Electron Transfer Initiated Reactions: Bond Formation and Bond Dissociation. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2180-237. [PMID: 18620366 DOI: 10.1021/cr068070x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ogawa K, Minegishi S, Komatsu K, Kitagawa T. Generation and Reaction of a Phenyl-Substituted Cyclopentadienyl Cation Annelated with Two Homoadamantene Frameworks. J Org Chem 2008; 73:5248-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800340g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Ogawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan, Department of Environmental and Biotechnological Frontier Engineering, Fukui University of Technology, Gakuen, Fukui 910-8505, Japan, and Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Minegishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan, Department of Environmental and Biotechnological Frontier Engineering, Fukui University of Technology, Gakuen, Fukui 910-8505, Japan, and Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Koichi Komatsu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan, Department of Environmental and Biotechnological Frontier Engineering, Fukui University of Technology, Gakuen, Fukui 910-8505, Japan, and Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kitagawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan, Department of Environmental and Biotechnological Frontier Engineering, Fukui University of Technology, Gakuen, Fukui 910-8505, Japan, and Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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Ito S, Kawakami J, Tajiri A, Ryuzaki D, Morita N, Asao T, Watanabe M, Harada N. Synthesis and Dynamic Stereochemistry of Azulene-Substituted 9-Fluorenyl, 9,10-Dihydro-10,10-dimethyl-9-anthryl, 10,11-Dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl, and 5H-Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl Cations. Correlations of Stabilities of the Carbocations and Rotational Barrier of Azulene Ring. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.78.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gonzales JM, Barden CJ, Brown ST, Schleyer PVR, Schaefer HF, Li QS. Cyclopentadiene annulated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: investigations of electron affinities. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:1064-71. [PMID: 12537506 DOI: 10.1021/ja0210502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The adiabatic electron affinities of cyclopentadiene and 10 associated benzannelated derivatives have been predicted with both density functional and Hartree-Fock theory. These systems can also be regarded as benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) augmented with five-membered rings. Like the PAHs, the electron affinities of the present systems generally increase with the number of rings. To unequivocally bind an electron, cyclopentadiene must have at least two conventionally fused benzene rings. 1H-Benz[f]indene, a naphthalene-annulated cyclopentadiene, is predicted to have a zero-point energy corrected adiabatic electron affinity of 0.13 eV. Since the experimental E(A) of naphthalene is negative (-0.19 eV), the five-membered ring appendage contributes to the stability of the naphthalene-derived 1H-benz[f]indene radical anion significantly. The key to binding the electron is a contiguous sequence of fused benzenes, since fluorene, the isomer of 1H-benz[f]indene, with separated six-membered rings, has an electron affinity of -0.07 eV. Each additional benzene ring in the sequence fused to cyclopentadiene increases the electron affinity by 0.15-0.65 eV: the most reliable predictions are cyclopentadiene (-0.63 eV), indene (-0.49 eV), fluorene (-0.07 eV), 1H-benz[f]indene (0.13 eV), 1,2-benzofluorene (0.25 eV), 2,3-benzofluorene (0.26 eV), 12H-dibenzo[b,h]fluorene (0.65 eV), 13H-indeno[1,2-b]anthracene (0.82 eV), and 1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthacene (1.10 eV). In contrast, if the six-membered ring-fusion is across the C(2)-C(3) cyclopentadiene single bond, only a single benzene is needed to bind an electron. The theoretical electron affinity of the resulting molecule, isoindene, is 0.49 eV, and this increases to 1.22 eV for 2H-benz[f]indene. The degree of aromaticity is responsible for this behavior. While the radical anions are stabilized by conjugation, which increases with the size of the system, the regular indenes, like PAHs in general, suffer from the loss of aromatic stabilization in forming their radical anions. While indene is 21 kcal mol(-1) more stable than isoindene, the corresponding radical anion isomers have almost the same energy. Nucleus-independent chemical shift calculations show that the highly aromatic molecules lose almost all aromaticity when an extra electron is present. The radical anions of cyclopentadiene and all of its annulated derivatives have remarkably low C-H bond dissociation energies (only 18-34 kcal mol(-1) for the mono-, bi-, and tricyclics considered). Hydrogen atom loss leads to the restoration of aromaticity in the highly stabilized cyclopentadienyl anion congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Gonzales
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2525, USA
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Courtney MC, MacCormack AC, More O'Ferrall RA. Comparison of pKR values of fluorenyl and anthracenyl cations. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Creary X, Wolf A, Miller K. Facile Autoxidation of 2-(4-Hydroxy- phenyl)-3,3-dimethylmethylenecyclopropane. The Radical Stabilizing Ability of the Phenoxide Group. Org Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9902576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Creary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Allison Wolf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Kevin Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
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Trujillo HA, Casado CM, Ruiz J, Astruc D. Thermodynamics of C−H Activation in Multiple Oxidation States: Comparison of Benzylic C−H Acidities and C−H Bond Dissociation Energies in the Isostructural 16−20-Electron Complexes [Fex(η5-C5R5)(η6-arene)]n, x = 0−IV, R = H or Me, n = −1 to +3. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja984101x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hernando A. Trujillo
- Contribution from the Groupe de Chimie Supramoléculaire des Métaux de Transition, LCOO, UMR CNRS 5802, Université Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cédex, France
| | - Carmen M. Casado
- Contribution from the Groupe de Chimie Supramoléculaire des Métaux de Transition, LCOO, UMR CNRS 5802, Université Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cédex, France
| | - Jaime Ruiz
- Contribution from the Groupe de Chimie Supramoléculaire des Métaux de Transition, LCOO, UMR CNRS 5802, Université Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cédex, France
| | - Didier Astruc
- Contribution from the Groupe de Chimie Supramoléculaire des Métaux de Transition, LCOO, UMR CNRS 5802, Université Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence Cédex, France
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Wang J, Busson R, Blaton N, Rozenski J, Herdewijn P. Enantioselective Approach to the Synthesis of Cyclohexane Carbocyclic Nucleosides. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo972285c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Van Evenstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roger Busson
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Van Evenstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Norbert Blaton
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Van Evenstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jef Rozenski
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Van Evenstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Van Evenstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Merrill GN, Kass SR. A High-Level ab Initio and Density Functional Investigation of Cyclopropenyl Anion and Its Mono-, Di-, and Trisubstituted Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9710565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant N. Merrill
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Steven R. Kass
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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Moore L, Lubinski R, Baschky MC, Dahlke GD, Hare M, Arrowood T, Glasovac Z, Eckert-Maksic M, Kass SR. Benzocyclopropenyl Anion: A Stable 8pi-Electron Species. J Org Chem 1997; 62:7390-7396. [PMID: 11671856 DOI: 10.1021/jo9709716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The conjugate base of benzocyclopropene has been generated in the gas phase. Its reactivity and thermodynamic stability were explored. The measured acidity is DeltaH degrees (acid)(benzocyclopropene) = 386 +/- 3 kcal/mol, and the electron affinity of benzocyclopropenyl radical is 0.51 eV < EA < 1.11 eV. Ab initio calculations satisfactorily reproduce the experimental results and provide additional insights. Benzocyclopropene is found to be 34.5 kcal/mol more acidic than the allylic position of cyclopropene and only 4 +/- 3 kcal/mol less acidic than toluene. These findings are explained in terms of the structure and electronic properties of benzocyclopropenyl anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenora Moore
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and Ruder Boskovic Institute, P.O. Box 1016, 41001 Zagreb, Croatia
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehee Noh
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Hong Gan
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Sharon Halfon
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Bruce J. Hrnjez
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Nien-chu C. Yang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Wang D, Angelici RJ. Metal−Hydrogen Bond Dissociation Enthalpies in Series of Complexes of Eight Different Transition Metals. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9441930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Robert J. Angelici
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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Arnett EM, Flowers RA, Meekhof AE, Pourjavadi A, Walek SA. Stabilities of some 2-(para-substituted-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3-dioxolanes relative to their conjugate dioxolenium ions, radicals and carbanions as determined by thermodynamics for hydride and electron transfer in solution. J PHYS ORG CHEM 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.610071204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cheng JP, Zhao Y. Homolytic bond cleavage energies of the acidic NH bonds in dimethyl sulfoxide solution and properties of the corresponding radicals and radical cations. Tetrahedron 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)82376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Röck M, Schmittel M. Controlled oxidation of enolates to α-carbonyl radicals and α-carbonyl cations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1039/c39930001739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Moulton RD, Farid R, Bard AJ. Electrochemical reactions of cyclopentadienes in non-aqueous media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(88)87006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Juaristi E, Gordillo B, Aparicio DM, Bailey WF, Patricia JJ. A search for single-electron transfer (set) mechanisms in the reaction of 1,3-dithianyl- and 1,3-oxathianyllithiums with primary halides. Tetrahedron Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)98343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Parker VD. The Study of Reactive Intermediates by Electrochemical Methods. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3160(08)60223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kashin A, Bumagin N, Beletskaya I, Reutov O. The reaction of organotin compounds with derivatives of triarylmethane in CH2Cl2. J Organomet Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)82655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Butin KP, Mohammed TI, Reutov OA. Use of the rotating disk electrode with ring for studying the products resulting from electroreduction of organomercury compounds. Russ Chem Bull 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00923565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Butin KP, Ismail MT, Reutov OA. Electrochemical oxidation of stable carbanions of triphenylmethane and fluorene types. Russ Chem Bull 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00928982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Structure and Mechanism in Organic Electrochemistry. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY VOLUME 12 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3160(08)60330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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