3-Thiapentane: Heat Capacity, Heats of Fusion and Vaporization, Vapor Pressure, Entropy, Heat of Formation and Thermodynamic Functions1

A biomolecular force field based on the free enthalpy of hydration and solvation: the GROMOS force-field parameter sets 53A5 and 53A6

Successive parameterizations of the GROMOS force field have been used successfully to simulate biomolecular systems over a long period of time. The continuing expansion of computational power with time makes it possible to compute ever more properties for an increasing variety of molecular systems with greater precision. This has led to recurrent parameterizations of the GROMOS force field all aimed at achieving better agreement with experimental data. Here we report the results of the latest, extensive reparameterization of the GROMOS force field. In contrast to the parameterization of other biomolecular force fields, this parameterization of the GROMOS force field is based primarily on reproducing the free enthalpies of hydration and apolar solvation for a range of compounds. This approach was chosen because the relative free enthalpy of solvation between polar and apolar environments is a key property in many biomolecular processes of interest, such as protein folding, biomolecular association, membrane formation, and transport over membranes. The newest parameter sets, 53A5 and 53A6, were optimized by first fitting to reproduce the thermodynamic properties of pure liquids of a range of small polar molecules and the solvation free enthalpies of amino acid analogs in cyclohexane (53A5). The partial charges were then adjusted to reproduce the hydration free enthalpies in water (53A6). Both parameter sets are fully documented, and the differences between these and previous parameter sets are discussed.

A SYSTEM OF MOLECULAR THERMOCHEMISTRY FOR ORGANIC GASES AND LIQUIDS: PART II. EXTENSION TO COMPOUNDS CONTAINING SULPHUR AND OXYGEN

The system of bond and group energies described in Part I has been extended and applied to certain compounds containing sulphur and oxygen. The substances treated are the alkanethiols, the thiaalkanes, and the dithiaalkanes. The bond additivity scheme enables reliable values for heats of formation, combustion, atomization, and vaporization to be calculated for these compounds.A similar treatment has been applied to the data for alcohols, ethers, and alkyl peroxides.