1
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Paul A, Sengupta A, Yadav S. Organophotoredox-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Sulfonamidation of Indoles and Other Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
| | - Arunava Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
| | - Somnath Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
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2
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Hwang C, Lee Y, Kim M, Seo Y, Cho SH. Diborylmethyl Group as a Transformable Building Block for the Diversification of Nitrogen‐Containing Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209079. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiwon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeosan Lee
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Younggyu Seo
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Cho
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
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3
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Yang M, Lian R, Zhang X, Wang C, Cheng J, Wang X. Photocatalytic cyclization of nitrogen-centered radicals with carbon nitride through promoting substrate/catalyst interaction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4900. [PMID: 35987760 PMCID: PMC9392757 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of metal-free carbon nitride and light to drive catalytic transformations constitutes a sustainable strategy for organic synthesis. At the moment, enhancing the intrinsic activity of CN catalysts by tuning the interfacial coupling between catalyst and substrate remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that urea-derived carbon nitride catalysts with the abundant −NH2 groups and the relative positive charged surface could effectively complex with the deprotonated anionic intermediate to improve the adsorption of organic reactants on the catalyst surface. The decreased oxidation potential and upshift in its highest occupied molecular orbital position make the electron abstraction kinetics by the catalyst more energetically favorable. The prepared catalyst is thus utilized for the photocatalytic cyclization of nitrogen-centered radicals for the synthesis of diverse pharmaceutical-related compounds (33 examples) with high activity and reusability, which shows competent performance to the homogeneous catalysts. Carbon nitride catalysts with positively charged surfaces and abundant −NH2 are found to be effective photocatalysts for dihydropyrazole synthesis. A surface-mediated mechanism where deprotonated intermediates interact with the surface is proposed.
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4
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Hwang C, Lee Y, Kim M, Seo Y, Cho SH. Diborylmethyl Group as a Transformable Building Block for the Diversification of Nitrogen‐Containing Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiwon Hwang
- POSTECH: Pohang University of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Yeosan Lee
- POSTECH: Pohang University of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Minjae Kim
- POSTECH: Pohang University of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Younggyu Seo
- POSTECH: Pohang University of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Seung Hwan Cho
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Chemistry San 31, HyojadongNamgu 37673 Pohang KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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5
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Pratley C, Fenner S, Murphy JA. Nitrogen-Centered Radicals in Functionalization of sp 2 Systems: Generation, Reactivity, and Applications in Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8181-8260. [PMID: 35285636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs) has plentiful applications in organic synthesis, and they continue to expand as our understanding of these reactive species increases. The utility of these reactive intermediates is demonstrated in the recent advances in C-H amination and the (di)amination of alkenes. Synthesis of previously challenging structures can be achieved by efficient functionalization of sp2 moieties without prefunctionalization, allowing for faster and more streamlined synthesis. This Review addresses the generation, reactivity, and application of NCRs, including, but not limited to, iminyl, aminyl, amidyl, and aminium species. Contributions from early discovery up to the most recent examples have been highlighted, covering radical initiation, thermolysis, photolysis, and, more recently, photoredox catalysis. Radical-mediated intermolecular amination of (hetero)arenes can occur with a variety of complex amine precursors, generating aniline derivatives, an important class of structures for drug discovery and development. Functionalization of olefins is achievable in high anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity and allows access to difunctionalized structures when the intermediate carbon radicals are trapped. Additionally, the reactivity of NCRs can be harnessed for the rapid construction of N-heterocycles such as pyrrolidines, phenanthridines, quinoxalines, and quinazolinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Pratley
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom.,GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Fenner
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - John A Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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6
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Kwon K, Simons RT, Nandakumar M, Roizen JL. Strategies to Generate Nitrogen-centered Radicals That May Rely on Photoredox Catalysis: Development in Reaction Methodology and Applications in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2353-2428. [PMID: 34623809 PMCID: PMC8792374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
For more than 70 years, nitrogen-centered radicals have been recognized as potent synthetic intermediates. This review is a survey designed for use by chemists engaged in target-oriented synthesis. This review summarizes the recent paradigm shift in access to and application of N-centered radicals enabled by visible-light photocatalysis. This shift broadens and streamlines approaches to many small molecules because visible-light photocatalysis conditions are mild. Explicit attention is paid to innovative advances in N-X bonds as radical precursors, where X = Cl, N, S, O, and H. For clarity, key mechanistic data is noted, where available. Synthetic applications and limitations are summarized to illuminate the tremendous utility of photocatalytically generated nitrogen-centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitae Kwon
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - R Thomas Simons
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Meganathan Nandakumar
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Jennifer L Roizen
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
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7
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Liu ML, Wang JL, Li XS, Sun WH, Liu XY. Copper-Catalyzed Amino Radical Tandem Cyclization toward the Synthesis of Indolo-[2,1-a]isoquinolines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00051b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a convenient process to the synthesis of indolo-[2,1-a]isoquinoline tetracyclic skeletons in one-pot via a low-cost copper-catalyzed tandem amino radical cyclization, in which one C-C bond and one C-N...
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8
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Xie L, Cao R, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Fang Z, Li D. Rapid construction of γ-lactam containing 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles via a silver-catalyzed cascade radical bicyclization reaction. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient cascade bicyclization strategy for the construction of γ-lactam containing 3,3-disubstituted oxindole derivatives is described, which enables the sequential assembly of both unactivated and activated double bonds in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Ruizhe Cao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yingxue Huang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Zeguo Fang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Dong Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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9
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Fang Z, Xie L, Wang L, Zhang Q, Li D. Silver-catalyzed cascade cyclization and functionalization of N-aryl-4-pentenamides: an efficient route to γ-lactam-substituted quinone derivatives. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26776-26780. [PMID: 36320855 PMCID: PMC9490777 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05283k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of γ-lactam-substituted quinone derivatives through a Ag2O-catalyzed cascade cyclization and functionalization of N-aryl-4-pentenamides has been developed. Related 2-oxazolidinone substituted quinone products can be also obtained with N-aryl allyl carbamates. The reactions proceed through an amidyl radical-initiated 5-exo-trig cyclization and followed radical addition to quinones. They provide an efficient route to various γ-lactam-substituted quinone derivatives with a wide range of substrate scope. The synthesis of γ-lactam and related 2-oxazolidinone substituted quinone derivatives through a Ag2O-catalyzed cascade cyclization and functionalization of N-ary-4-pentenamides and N-aryl allyl carbamates has been developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeguo Fang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Dong Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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10
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Xu P, Qian B, Hu B, Huang H. Palladium-Catalyzed Tandem Hydrocarbonylative Lactamization and Cycloaddition Reaction for the Construction of Bridged Polycyclic Lactams. Org Lett 2021; 24:147-151. [PMID: 34928157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular hydroaminocarbonylation of alkenes is a compelling tool to rapidly access lactam, a privileged motif ubiquitous in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. However, selective carbonylation to bridged polycyclic lactams with a lactam nitrogen at a bridgehead position is less explored. We herein report a modular palladium-catalyzed approach to perform a tandem hydrocarbonylative lactamization/Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction with 2-vinyl aryl aldimines, alkenes, and CO, which offers convenient access to furnish the bridged polycyclic lactams in high yields with high selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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11
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Corrieri M, De Crescentini L, Mantellini F, Mari G, Santeusanio S, Favi G. Synthesis of Azacarbolines via PhIO 2-Promoted Intramolecular Oxidative Cyclization of α-Indolylhydrazones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17918-17929. [PMID: 34871002 PMCID: PMC8689645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
An unprecedented
synthesis of polysubstituted indole-fused pyridazines
(azacarbolines) from α-indolylhydrazones under oxidative conditions
using a combination of iodylbenzene (PhIO2) and trifluoroacetic
acid (TFA) has been developed. This transformation is conducted without
the need for transition metals, harsh conditions, or an inert atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Corrieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Lucia De Crescentini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Fabio Mantellini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Stefania Santeusanio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Favi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino, Italy
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12
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Prakash N, Rajeev R, John A, Vijayan A, George L, Varghese A. 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) Radical Mediated Electro‐Oxidation Reactions: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishitha Prakash
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru 560029 India
| | - Rijo Rajeev
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru 560029 India
| | - Anjali John
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru 560029 India
| | - Ajesh Vijayan
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru 560029 India
| | - Louis George
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru 560029 India
| | - Anitha Varghese
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru 560029 India
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13
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Barpuzary B, Kim M, Rhee YH. Synthetic Study toward Saccharomicin Based upon Asymmetric Metal Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:5969-5972. [PMID: 34292756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a de novo metal-catalyzed approach toward the stereoselective glycosidic bond formation in saccharomicin. The signature step is highlighted by the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric coupling of ene-alkoxyallenes and highly functionalized alcohol substrates. The reaction showed high chemo-, regio-, and ligand-driven diastereoselectivity. In combination with the ring-closing metathesis and late-stage functionalization, this method led to highly efficient synthesis of saccharosamine-rhamnose and rhamnose-fucose fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Barpuzary
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Hyoja-dong San 31, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Hyoja-dong San 31, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Hyoja-dong San 31, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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14
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Cai CY, Wu ZJ, Liu JY, Chen M, Song J, Xu HC. Tailored cobalt-salen complexes enable electrocatalytic intramolecular allylic C-H functionalizations. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3745. [PMID: 34145285 PMCID: PMC8213807 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative allylic C–H functionalization is a powerful tool to streamline organic synthesis as it minimizes the need for functional group activation and generates alkenyl-substituted products amenable to further chemical modifications. The intramolecular variants can be used to construct functionalized ring structures but remain limited in scope and by their frequent requirement for noble metal catalysts and stoichiometric chemical oxidants. Here we report an oxidant-free, electrocatalytic approach to achieve intramolecular oxidative allylic C–H amination and alkylation by employing tailored cobalt-salen complexes as catalysts. These reactions proceed through a radical mechanism and display broad tolerance of functional groups and alkene substitution patterns, allowing efficient coupling of di-, tri- and even tetrasubstituted alkenes with N- and C-nucleophiles to furnish high-value heterocyclic and carbocyclic structures. Oxidative allylic C–H functionalizations minimise the need for functional group activation and generate alkenyl-substituted products amenable to further chemical modifications. Here the authors report an oxidant-free, electrocatalytic approach to achieve intramolecular oxidative allylic C–H amination and alkylation by employing tailored cobalt-salen complexes as catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zheng-Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ji-Ying Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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15
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Huang C, Li Z, Song J, Xu H. Catalyst‐ and Reagent‐Free Formal Aza‐Wacker Cyclizations Enabled by Continuous‐Flow Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhao‐Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Hai‐Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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16
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Huang C, Li ZY, Song J, Xu HC. Catalyst- and Reagent-Free Formal Aza-Wacker Cyclizations Enabled by Continuous-Flow Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11237-11241. [PMID: 33666312 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient and sustainable methods to access saturated N-heterocycles is of great importance because of the prevalence of these structures in natural products and bioactive compounds. Pd-catalyzed aza-Wacker type cyclization is a powerful method and provides access to N-heterocycles bearing an alkene moiety available for further synthetic manipulations from readily available materials. Herein we disclose a catalyst- and reagent-free formal aza-Wacker type cyclization reaction for the synthesis of functionalized saturated N-heterocycles. Key to the success is to conduct the reactions in a continuous-flow electrochemical reactor without adding supporting electrolyte or additives. The reactions are characterized by broad tolerance of di-, tri- and tetrasubstituted alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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17
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Chen N, Xu HC. Electrochemical generation of nitrogen-centered radicals for organic synthesis. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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18
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19
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Ghouilem J, Tran C, Grimblat N, Retailleau P, Alami M, Gandon V, Messaoudi S. Diastereoselective Pd-Catalyzed Anomeric C(sp3)–H Activation: Synthesis of α-(Hetero)aryl C-Glycosides. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juba Ghouilem
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Christine Tran
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nicolas Grimblat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531 S2002LRK, Rosario, República Argentina
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, avenue de la terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mouad Alami
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ICMMO, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Samir Messaoudi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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20
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Guo X, Li YY, Wang SH, Zhang FM, Li BS, Tu YQ, Zhang XM. Construction of the tetracyclic core of the Lycopodium alkaloid annotinolide C. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00087j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A concise approach to the tetracyclic core of annotinolide C has been developed which contains two key reactions epoxidation/1,2-migration to construct an aza [6.5] spiro ring (A and B) and semireduction/cyclization to construct lactone ring D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Yong-Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Shuang-Hu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Bao-Sheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
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21
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Hussein AA, Ma Y, Al‐Yasari A. Hypervalent Iodine‐Mediated Styrene Hetero‐ and Homodimerization Initiation Proceeds with Two‐Electron Reductive Cleavage. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yumiao Ma
- BSJ Institue, Haidian 100084 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmed Al‐Yasari
- School of Chemistry University of East Anglia NR4 7TJ Norwich United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Kerbala Kerbala Iraq
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22
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Schofield K, Foley C, Hulme C. 5- Endo Trig Oxidative Radical Cyclizations of Ugi-3CR Products toward 1,4-Imidazolidinones. Org Lett 2020; 23:107-112. [PMID: 33306404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A 5-endo trig oxidative radical cyclization of benzylamine-derived Ugi three-component reaction products rapidly affords imidazolidinones with three diversity elements. This adaptation of our previously described multicomponent reaction-oxidation methodology further showcases manipulation of the diversity elements in multicomponent reaction products via oxidative radical cyclizations, which generates highly decorated privileged heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Schofield
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Christopher Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Christopher Hulme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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23
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Kehl A, Schupp N, Breising VM, Schollmeyer D, Waldvogel SR. Electrochemical Synthesis of Carbazoles by Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction. Chemistry 2020; 26:15847-15851. [PMID: 32737905 PMCID: PMC7756279 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A constant current protocol, employing undivided cells, a remarkably low supporting electrolyte concentration, inexpensive electrode materials, and a straightforward precursor synthesis enabling a novel access to N‐protected carbazoles by anodic N,C bond formation using directly generated amidyl radicals is reported. Scalability of the reaction is demonstrated and an easy deblocking of the benzoyl protecting group is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kehl
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Niclas Schupp
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Valentina M Breising
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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24
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Yu XY, Zhao QQ, Chen J, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. When Light Meets Nitrogen-Centered Radicals: From Reagents to Catalysts. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1066-1083. [PMID: 32286794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs) are a versatile class of highly reactive species that have a longer history than the classical carbon-based radicals in synthetic chemistry. Depending on the N-hybridization and substitution patterns, NCRs can serve as electrophiles or nucleophiles to undergo various radical transformations. Despite their power, progress in nitrogen-radical chemistry is still slow compared with the popularity of carbon radicals, and their considerable synthetic potential has been largely underexplored, which is, as concluded by Zard, mainly hampered by "a dearth of convenient access to these species and a lack of awareness pertaining to their reactivity".Over the past decade, visible-light photoredox catalysis has been established as a powerful toolbox that synthetic chemists can use to generate a diverse range of radical intermediates from native organic functional groups via a single electron transfer process or energy transfer under mild reaction conditions. This catalytic strategy typically obviates the need for external stoichiometric activation reagents or toxic initiators and often enables traditionally inaccessible ionic chemical reactions. On the basis of our long-standing interest in nitrogen chemistry and catalysis, we have emphasized the use of visible-light photoredox catalysis as a tactic to discover and develop novel methods for generating NCRs in a controlled fashion and synthetic applications. In this Account, we describe our recent advances in the development of visible-light-driven photoredox-catalyzed generation of NCRs and their synthetic applications.Inspired by the natural biological proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process, we first developed a strategy of visible-light-driven photoredox-catalyzed oxidative deprotonation electron transfer to activate the N-H bonds of hydrazones, benzamides, and sulfonamides to give the corresponding NCRs under mild reaction conditions. With these reactive species, we then achieved a range of 5-exo and 6-endo radical cyclizations as well as cascade reactions in a highly regioselective manner, providing access to a variety of potentially useful nitrogen heterocycles. To further expand the repertoire of possible reactions of NCRs, we also revealed that iminyl radicals, derived from O-acyl cycloalkanone oxime esters, can undergo facile ring-opening C-C bond cleavage to give cyanoalkyl radicals. These newly formed radical species can further undergo a variety of C-C bond-forming reactions to allow the synthesis of diverse distally functionalized alkyl nitriles. Stimulated by these studies, we further developed a wide variety of visible-light-driven copper-catalyzed radical cross-coupling reactions of cyanoalkyl radicals. Because of their inherent highly reactive and transient properties, the strategy of heteroatom-centered radical catalysis is still largely underexplored in organic synthesis. Building on our understanding of the fundamental chemistry of NCRs, we also developed for the first time the concept of NCR covalent catalysis, which involves the use of in situ-photogenerated NCRs to activate allyl sulfones, vinylcyclopropanes, and N-tosyl vinylaziridines. This catalytic strategy has thus enabled efficient difunctionalization of various alkenes and late-stage modification of complex biologically active molecules.In this Account, we describe a panoramic picture of our recent contributions since 2014 to the development and application of the visible-light-driven photoredox systems in the field of NCR chemistry. These studies provide not only efficient methods for the synthesis of functionally rich molecules but also some insight into the exploration of new reactivity or reaction modes of NCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ye Yu
- CCNU−uOttawa Joint Research Center, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Quan-Qing Zhao
- CCNU−uOttawa Joint Research Center, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jun Chen
- CCNU−uOttawa Joint Research Center, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU−uOttawa Joint Research Center, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- CCNU−uOttawa Joint Research Center, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
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25
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Elliott Q, Dos Passos Gomes G, Evoniuk CJ, Alabugin IV. Testing the limits of radical-anionic CH-amination: a 10-million-fold decrease in basicity opens a new path to hydroxyisoindolines via a mixed C-N/C-O-forming cascade. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6539-6555. [PMID: 34094120 PMCID: PMC8159354 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06511c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An intramolecular C(sp3)-H amidation proceeds in the presence of t-BuOK, molecular oxygen, and DMF. This transformation is initiated by the deprotonation of an acidic N-H bond and selective radical activation of a benzylic C-H bond towards hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). Cyclization of this radical-anion intermediate en route to a two-centered/three-electron (2c,3e) C-N bond removes electron density from nitrogen. As this electronegative element resists such an "oxidation", making nitrogen more electron rich is key to overcoming this problem. This work dramatically expands the range of N-anions that can participate in this process by using amides instead of anilines. The resulting 107-fold decrease in the N-component basicity (and nucleophilicity) doubles the activation barrier for C-N bond formation and makes this process nearly thermoneutral. Remarkably, this reaction also converts a weak reductant into a much stronger reductant. Such "reductant upconversion" allows mild oxidants like molecular oxygen to complete the first part of the cascade. In contrast, the second stage of NH/CH activation forms a highly stabilized radical-anion intermediate incapable of undergoing electron transfer to oxygen. Because the oxidation is unfavored, an alternative reaction path opens via coupling between the radical anion intermediate and either superoxide or hydroperoxide radical. The hydroperoxide intermediate transforms into the final hydroxyisoindoline products under basic conditions. The use of TEMPO as an additive was found to activate less reactive amides. The combination of experimental and computational data outlines a conceptually new mechanism for conversion of unprotected amides into hydroxyisoindolines proceeding as a sequence of C-H amidation and C-H oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quintin Elliott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA
| | - Gabriel Dos Passos Gomes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA
| | - Christopher J Evoniuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA
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26
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Abstract
N-centered radicals are versatile reaction intermediates that can react with various π systems to construct C-N bonds. Current methods for generating N-centered radicals usually involve the cleavage of an N-heteroatom bond; however, similar strategies that are applicable to N-H bonds prove to be more challenging to develop and therefore are attracting increasing attention. In this Account, we summarize our recent efforts in the development of electrochemical methods for the generation and synthetic utilization of N-centered radicals. In our studies, N-aryl amidyl radical, amidinyl radical and iminyl radical cation intermediates are generated from N-H precursors through direct electrolysis or indirect electrolysis assisted by a redox catalyst. In addition, an electrocatalytic method that converts oximes to iminoxyl radicals has also been developed. The electrophilic amidyl radical intermediates can participate in 5-exo or 6-exo cyclization with alkenes and alkynes to afford C-centered radicals, which can then undergo various transformations such as H atom abstraction, single-electron transfer oxidation to a carbocation, cyclization, or aromatic substitution, leading to a diverse range of N-heterocyclic products. Furthermore, amidinyl radicals, iminyl radical cations, and iminoxyl radicals can undergo intramolecular aromatic substitution to afford various N-heteroaromatic compounds. Importantly, the electrochemical reaction can be channeled toward a specific product despite the presence of other competing pathways. For a successful electrosynthesis, it is important to take into consideration of both the electron transfer steps associated with the electrode and the nonelectrode related processes. A unique feature of electrochemistry is the simultaneous occurrence of anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction, which, as this Account demonstrates, allows the dehydrogenative transformations to proceed through H2 evolution without the need for chemical oxidants. In addition, cathodic solvent reduction can continuously generate a low concentration of base, which facilitates anodic substrate oxidation. Such a mechanistic paradigm obviates the need for stoichiometric strong bases and avoids base-promoted decomposition of sensitive substrates or products. Furthermore, electrode materials can also be adjusted to control the reaction outcome, as demonstrated by the synthesis of N-heteroaromatics and the corresponding N-oxides from biaryl ketoximes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovative Collaboration Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovative Collaboration Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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27
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Feng J, Huang Y. Phosphine-catalyzed (3+2)/(2+3) sequential annulation involving a triple nucleophilic addition reaction of γ-vinyl allenoates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14011-14014. [PMID: 31690906 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A phosphine-catalyzed (3+2)/(2+3) sequential annulation involving a triple nucleophilic addition reaction of γ-vinyl allenoates was successfully developed. The reaction provided efficient and more practical access to functionalized hydropyrroloimidazolones with good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Notably, γ-vinyl allenoate served as a triple-electrophilic intermediate in this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - You Huang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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28
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Chauhan J, Ravva MK, Sen S. Harnessing Autoxidation of Aldehydes: In Situ Iodoarene Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazole, in the Presence of Molecular Oxygen. Org Lett 2019; 21:6562-6565. [PMID: 31368711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isobutyraldehyde underwent auto-oxidation in the presence of molecular oxygen to generate an acyloxy radical under a "metal-free" environment. They were subsequently exploited in situ to afford hypervalent iodines with p-anisolyl iodide which generated substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles in moderate to excellent yields from N'-arylidene acetohydrazides. The reaction strategy tolerated diverse substitution on the hydrazide substrates. Control experiments and literature precedence supported the formation of an in situ iodosylarene complex that facilitates the formation of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences , Shiv Nadar University , Dadri, Chithera, Gautambudh Nagar , Uttar Pradesh 201314 , India
| | - Mahesh K Ravva
- Department of Chemistry , SRM University-AP , Amaravati , Andhra Pradesh 522502 , India
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences , Shiv Nadar University , Dadri, Chithera, Gautambudh Nagar , Uttar Pradesh 201314 , India
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29
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Asymmetric syntheses and applications of planar chiral hypervalent iodine(V) reagents with crown ether backbones. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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30
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Verschueren RH, De Borggraeve WM. Electrochemistry and Photoredox Catalysis: A Comparative Evaluation in Organic Synthesis. Molecules 2019; 24:E2122. [PMID: 31195644 PMCID: PMC6600520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of synthetic transformations that have been performed by both electro- and photoredox catalysis. Both toolboxes are evaluated and compared in their ability to enable said transformations. Analogies and distinctions are formulated to obtain a better understanding in both research areas. This knowledge can be used to conceptualize new methodological strategies for either of both approaches starting from the other. It was attempted to extract key components that can be used as guidelines to refine, complement and innovate these two disciplines of organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik H Verschueren
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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31
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Nguyen ST, Zhu Q, Knowles RR. PCET-Enabled Olefin Hydroamidation Reactions with N-Alkyl Amides. ACS Catal 2019; 9:4502-4507. [PMID: 32292642 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Olefin aminations are important synthetic technologies for the construction of aliphatic C-N bonds. Here we report a catalytic protocol for olefin hydroamidation that proceeds through transient amidyl radical intermediates that are formed via proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) activation of the strong N-H bonds in N-alkyl amides by an excited-state iridium photocatalyst and a dialkyl phosphate base. This method exhibits a broad substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, and amenability to use in cascade polycyclization reactions. The feasibility of this PCET protocol in enabling the intermolecular anti-Markovnikov hydroamidation reactions of unactivated olefins is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Qilei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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32
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Nicolaou KC, Rigol S, Yu R. Total Synthesis Endeavors and Their Contributions to Science and Society:A Personal Account. CCS CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.31635/ccschem.019.20190006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of organic synthesis in the 19th century, serendipitous as it was, set in motion a revolution in science that continues to evolve into increasing levels of sophistication and to expand into new domains of science and technology for the benefits of science and society. Its evolution was always driven by the challenges posed by natural products, whose structures were becoming increasingly complex and diverse. In response to these challenges, synthetic organic chemists were prompted to sharpen their art to reach their target molecules, whose structures were often confirmed only after their synthesis in the laboratory through the art and science of total synthesis. The latter became the “locomotive” and the “flagship” of organic synthesis, for through this practice novel synthetic methods were discovered and invented, and also tested for their generality, applicability, and scope with regard to molecular complexity and diversity. The purpose of total synthesis has also evolved over the years to include aspects beyond the synthesis of the molecule and confirmation of its structure. In this article, we briefly review the evolution of total synthesis in terms of its power and reach and demonstrate its current state of the art that combines fundamentals with translational aspects through examples from our laboratories. The highlighted examples reflect the newly emerged paradigm of the discipline that includes—in addition to the total synthesis of the target molecule—structural elucidations, method discovery and development, design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of analogues for biology and medicine, and training of young students, preparing them for academic and industrial careers in the various disciplines that require knowledge and skills to practice the central science of chemical synthesis. Such disciplines include chemical biology, drug discovery and development, materials science and nanotechnology, and other endeavors whose fundamentals depend and rely on the structure of the molecule and its synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston,TX 77005 (United States of America)
| | - Stephan Rigol
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston,TX 77005 (United States of America)
| | - Ruocheng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston,TX 77005 (United States of America)
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33
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Zheng S, Gutiérrez-Bonet Á, Molander GA. Merging Photoredox PCET with Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling: Cascade Amidoarylation of Unactivated Olefins. Chem 2019; 5:339-352. [PMID: 31080910 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The integration of amidyl radicals with cross-coupling chemistry opens new venues for reaction design. However, the lack of efficient methods for the generation of such radical species has prevented many such transformations from being brought to fruition. Herein, the amidoarylation of unactivated olefins by a cascade process from non-functionalized amides is reported by merging, for the first time, photoredox proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) with nickel catalysis. This new technology grants access to an array of complex molecules containing a privileged pyrrolidinone core from alkenyl amides and aryl- and heteroaryl bromides in the presence of a visible light photocatalyst and a nickel catalyst. Notably, the reaction is not restricted to amides - carbamates and ureas can also be used. Mechanistic studies, including hydrogen-bond affinity constants, cyclization rate measurements, quenching studies, and cyclic voltammetry were central to comprehend the subtleties contributing to the integration of the two catalytic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zheng
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Álvaro Gutiérrez-Bonet
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States.,Lead Contact
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34
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Nath AR, Chee CF, Rahman NA. Application of Electrochemical Cross-Dehydrogenative Couplings in the Syntheses of Heterocycles. HETEROCYCLES VIA CROSS DEHYDROGENATIVE COUPLING 2019:445-494. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9144-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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35
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Martins GM, Shirinfar B, Hardwick T, Ahmed N. A Green Approach: Vicinal Oxidative Electrochemical Alkene Difunctionalization. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme M. Martins
- School of ChemistryCardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT United Kingdom
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria RS 97105–900 Brazil
| | - Bahareh Shirinfar
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Hardwick
- School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- School of ChemistryCardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT United Kingdom
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS United Kingdom
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36
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Ghosh AK, Williams JN, Ho RY, Simpson HM, Hattori SI, Hayashi H, Agniswamy J, Wang YF, Weber IT, Mitsuya H. Design and Synthesis of Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Bicyclic Oxazolidinone Scaffold as the P2 Ligands: Structure-Activity Studies and Biological and X-ray Structural Studies. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9722-9737. [PMID: 30354121 PMCID: PMC6541917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have designed, synthesized, and evaluated a new class of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with novel bicyclic oxazolidinone derivatives as the P2 ligand. We have developed an enantioselective synthesis of these bicyclic oxazolidinones utilizing a key o-iodoxybenzoic acid mediated cyclization. Several inhibitors displayed good to excellent activity toward HIV-1 protease and significant antiviral activity in MT-4 cells. Compound 4k has shown an enzyme Ki of 40 pM and antiviral IC50 of 31 nM. Inhibitors 4k and 4l were evaluated against a panel of highly resistant multidrug-resistant HIV-1 variants, and their fold-changes in antiviral activity were similar to those observed with darunavir. Additionally, two X-ray crystal structures of the related inhibitors 4a and 4e bound to HIV-1 protease were determined at 1.22 and 1.30 Å resolution, respectively, and revealed important interactions in the active site that have not yet been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States,Corresponding Author Phone: (765) 494-5323. Fax: (765) 496-1612.
| | - Jacqueline N. Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rachel Y. Ho
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hannah M. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shin-ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Johnson Agniswamy
- Department of Biology, Molecular Basis of Disease, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Yuan-Fang Wang
- Department of Biology, Molecular Basis of Disease, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Irene T. Weber
- Department of Biology, Molecular Basis of Disease, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan, Departments of Infectious Diseases and Hematology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan, Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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37
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Kehl A, Breising VM, Schollmeyer D, Waldvogel SR. Electrochemical Synthesis of 5-Aryl-phenanthridin-6-one by Dehydrogenative N,C Bond Formation. Chemistry 2018; 24:17230-17233. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kehl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Institut für Organische Chemie; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Valentina M. Breising
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Institut für Organische Chemie; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Institut für Organische Chemie; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Institut für Organische Chemie; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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38
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Ruccolo S, Qin Y, Schnedermann C, Nocera DG. General Strategy for Improving the Quantum Efficiency of Photoredox Hydroamidation Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14926-14937. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ruccolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138−2902, United States
| | - Yangzhong Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138−2902, United States
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138−2902, United States
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138−2902, United States
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39
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Wang N, Gu QS, Li ZL, Li Z, Guo YL, Guo Z, Liu XY. Direct Photocatalytic Synthesis of Medium-Sized Lactams by C−C Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen 518055 China
- College of Materials Science & Engineering; Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials; Ministry of Education; Taiyuan University of Technology; Shanxi 030024 China
| | - Qiang-Shuai Gu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhong-Liang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhuang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yu-Long Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhen Guo
- College of Materials Science & Engineering; Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials; Ministry of Education; Taiyuan University of Technology; Shanxi 030024 China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen 518055 China
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40
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Wang N, Gu QS, Li ZL, Li Z, Guo YL, Guo Z, Liu XY. Direct Photocatalytic Synthesis of Medium-Sized Lactams by C-C Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14225-14229. [PMID: 30178906 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reported is a novel two-step ring-expansion strategy for expeditious synthesis of all ring sizes of synthetically challenging (hetero)aryl-fused medium-sized lactams from readily available 5-8-membered cyclic ketones. This step-economic approach features a remote radical (hetero)aryl migration from C to N under visible-light conditions. Broad substrate scope, good functional-group tolerance, high efficiency, and mild reaction conditions make this procedure very attractive. In addition, this method also provides expedient access to 13-15-membered macrolactams upon an additional one-step manipulation. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction involves an amidyl radical and is promoted by acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, 030024, China
| | - Qiang-Shuai Gu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu-Long Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, 030024, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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41
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Abrams R, Lefebvre Q, Clayden J. Transition Metal Free Cycloamination of Prenyl Carbamates and Ureas Promoted by Aryldiazonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13587-13591. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Quentin Lefebvre
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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42
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Abrams R, Lefebvre Q, Clayden J. Transition Metal Free Cycloamination of Prenyl Carbamates and Ureas Promoted by Aryldiazonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Quentin Lefebvre
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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43
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Yang M, Pati N, Bélanger-Chabot G, Hirai M, Gabbaï FP. Influence of the catalyst structure in the cycloaddition of isocyanates to oxiranes promoted by tetraarylstibonium cations. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11843-11850. [PMID: 29697133 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00702k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the context of our work on electron deficient group 15 cations as Lewis acid catalysts, we have synthesized the triflate salts of a series of tetraarylstibonium cations of general formula [ArSbPh3]+ with Ar = Mes (4+), o-(dimethylamino)phenyl (5+), and o-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl (6+). These new cationic antimony derivatives, along with the known [Ph4Sb]+ (1+), 1-naphthyltriphenylstibonium (2+), and [(Ant)SbPh3]+ (3+), have been evaluated as catalysts for the cycloaddition of oxiranes and isocyanates under mild conditions. While all stibonium cations favor the 3,4-oxazolidinone products, the reactivities of 5+ and 6+ are hindered by the ancillary amino donor which quenches the Lewis acidity of the antimony center. A comparison of the other stibonium cations shows that 4+ is the most selective catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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44
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Buttar S, Caine J, Goné E, Harris R, Gillman J, Atienza R, Gupta R, Sogi KM, Jain L, Abascal NC, Levine Y, Repka LM, Rojas CM. Glycal Metallanitrenes for 2-Amino Sugar Synthesis: Amidoglycosylation of Gulal-, Allal-, Glucal-, and Galactal 3-Carbamates. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8054-8080. [PMID: 29979042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The rhodium(II)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of glycal 3-carbamates with in situ incorporation of an alcohol nucleophile at the anomeric position provides access to a range of 2-amino sugars having 1,2-trans-2,3-cis stereochemistry, a structural motif present in compounds of medicinal and biological significance such as the streptothricin group of antibiotics and the Chitinase inhibitor allosamidin. All of the diastereomeric d-glycal 3-carbamates have been investigated, revealing significant differences in anomeric stereoselectivity depending on substrate stereochemistry and protecting groups. In addition, some substrates were prone to forming C3-oxidized dihydropyranone byproducts under the reaction conditions. Allal- and gulal 3-carbamates provided uniformly high stereo- and chemoselectivity, while for glucal substrates, acyclic, electron-withdrawing protecting groups at the 4 O and 6 O positions were required. Galactal 3-carbamates have been the most challenging substrates; formation of their amidoglycosylation products is most effective with an electron-withdrawing 6 O-Ts substituent and a sterically demanding 4 O-TBS group. These results suggest a mechanism whereby conformational and electronic factors determine the partitioning of an intermediate acyl nitrenoid between alkene addition, leading to amidoglycosylation, and C3-H insertion, providing the dihydropyranone byproduct. Along the amidoglycosylation pathway, high anomeric selectivity results when a glycosyl aziridine intermediate is favored over an aziridine-opened oxocarbenium donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Buttar
- Department of Chemistry , Barnard College , 3009 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Julia Caine
- Department of Chemistry , Barnard College , 3009 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Evelyne Goné
- Department of Chemistry , Barnard College , 3009 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Reneé Harris
- Department of Chemistry , Barnard College , 3009 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Jennifer Gillman
- Department of Chemistry , Barnard College , 3009 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Roxanne Atienza
- Department of Chemistry , Barnard College , 3009 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Department of Chemistry , Barnard College , 3009 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Kimberly M Sogi
- Department of Chemistry , Barnard College , 3009 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Lauren Jain
- Department of Chemistry , Barnard College , 3009 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Nadia C Abascal
- Department of Chemistry , Barnard College , 3009 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Yetta Levine
- Department of Chemistry , Barnard College , 3009 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Lindsay M Repka
- Department of Chemistry , Barnard College , 3009 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Christian M Rojas
- Department of Chemistry , Barnard College , 3009 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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45
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Bylsma M, Bennett CS. Stereospecific Synthesis of the Saccharosamine-Rhamnose-Fucose Fragment Present in Saccharomicin B. Org Lett 2018; 20:4695-4698. [PMID: 30015496 PMCID: PMC6094934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic route has been developed for constructing the d-saccharosamine-l-rhamnose-d-fucose (Sac-Rha-Fuc) trisaccharide fragment present in the antibacterial natural product saccharomicin B. The Sac monosaccharide was synthesized through a modified nine step procedure starting from d-rhamnal in 23% overall yield. 1- O-TBS Sac donors were used to construct the β-linked Sac-Rha disaccharide. This disaccharide was coupled to a Fuc acceptor under BSP/Tf2O conditions to afford a trisaccharide properly functionalized for elaboration to saccharomicin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Bylsma
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Clay S. Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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46
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Hou ZW, Yan H, Song JS, Xu HC. Electrochemical Synthesis of (Aza)indolinesviaDehydrogenative [3+2] Annulation: Application to Total Synthesis of (±)-Hinckdentine A. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Jin-Shuai Song
- Fujian Institute of Research on Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
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47
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Zhang S, Li L, Xue M, Zhang R, Xu K, Zeng C. Electrochemical Formation of N-Acyloxy Amidyl Radicals and Their Application: Regioselective Intramolecular Amination of sp2 and sp3 C–H Bonds. Org Lett 2018; 20:3443-3446. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Lijun Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Mengyu Xue
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Ruike Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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48
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Dalal DS, Patil DR, Tayade YA. β‐Cyclodextrin: A Green and Efficient Supramolecular Catalyst for Organic Transformations. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1560-1582. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipak S. Dalal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical SciencesNorth Maharashtra University Jalgaon – 425 001 (M. S.) India
| | - Dipak R. Patil
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical SciencesNorth Maharashtra University Jalgaon – 425 001 (M. S.) India
| | - Yogesh A. Tayade
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical SciencesNorth Maharashtra University Jalgaon – 425 001 (M. S.) India
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49
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Abstract
A chiral primary amine catalyzed oxidative β-C-H functionalization of ketone is described. The reaction proceeds via ketone enamine oxidation by IBX and enables highly enantioselective remote C-H functionalization of both cyclic and acyclic ketones, generating chiral ketones bearing β-stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100490 , China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100490 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100490 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071 , China
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50
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Ni Y, Yu Q, Liu Q, Zuo H, Yu HB, Wei WJ, Liao RZ, Zhong F. Iron-Catalyzed Regiospecific Intermolecular Radical Cyclization of Anilines: Strategy for Assembly of 2,2-Disubstituted Indolines. Org Lett 2018; 20:1404-1408. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ni
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qile Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qihao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Honghua Zuo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huai-Bin Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wen-Jie Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fangrui Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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